The Little Ground Sparrow Inspired Darwin's Thinking on Species Competition #Travel # #Travel # #Galapagos # #Ecuador # #Darwin ##Ground Finches # #Bird Watching # From September 16 to October 20, 1835, Darwin was unaware of the importance of Garapagus birds during his expedition to the Galapagos Islands on the Beagle, although he learned how to preserve bird specimens from John Edmonstone during his university at the University of Edinburgh, He also liked shooting, but he believed that his main research direction was geology, and Darwin did not have a special knowledge of birds before, so Darwin arranged most of the shooting of birds to the servant (Syms Covington), but it was these birds that played an important role in the birth of Darwin's theory of natural selection evolution (On the Origin of Species).
After returning from the voyage, Darwin presented the finches and other mammal and bird specimens he had collected to the London Zoological Society on 4 January 1837, including the finches, which were handed over to the British ornithologist John Gould for identification. Gould shelved other work, and in March 1838 Gould gave Darwin a complete report, and the birds discovered by Darwin, although endemic to the archipelago and not found anywhere else in the world, were closely related to their overall structure, habits, plumage color, and even their calls to birds found on the South American continent. Gould divided them into four subgroups of 13 species in total, their beaks, short tails, body forms and feathers were related to each other, all male birds were black and females were brown, and the size of their beaks and the size of their bodies were perfectly proportioned. Geospiza has a thick beak and is suitable for feeding on a variety of crunchy seeds and arthropods; Certhidea Olivacea forms an elongated pointed beak to catch delicious insects hidden between leaves; and Camarhynchus Pallidus can pry arthropods out of tree holes with the help of branches or cactus thorns.
Galapagos finches are considered to be a model of adaptive radiation, which in layman's terms is the rapid evolution of different species ecologically from a common ancestor. Comparing the anatomical features of Galapagos finches through modern molecular techniques suggests that they do have a closer connection than other species. This means that they form a monophyletic group, a group of organisms all from one ancestral species. The ground finch also became one of the most favorable exhibits for Darwin's famous theory On the Origin of Species in the Competition for Survival (derived from natural selection or preservation of preferred races) (referred to as "the origin of species").
Ground finches
Figure-1: Genovesa Ground Finch (Geospiza Acutirostris)
Figure-2: Big Cactus Ground Sparrow, Española Cactus Finch (Geospiza Conirostris)
Figure-3: Sharp-Beaked Ground Finch (Geospiza Difficilis)
Figure-4: Vampire Finch (Geospiza Septentrionalis)
Fig.5: Courageous Sparrow, Medium Ground Finch (Geospiza Fortis)
Figure-6: Genovesa Cactus Finch (Geospiza Propinqua)
Figure-7: Small Ground Finch (Geospiza Fuliginosa)
Fig.8: Large Ground Finch (Geospiza Magnirostris)
Fig.9: Cactus Ground Sparrow, Common Cactus Finch (Geospiza Scandens)
Tree finches
Figure-10: Big Tree Finch (Camarhynchus Psittacula)
Fig.-11: Medium Tree Finch (Camarhynchus Pauper)
Fig.12: Small Tree Finch (Camarhynchus Parvulus)
Fig.-13: Paragon tree finch, Woodpecker Finch (Camarhynchus Pallidus)
Fig.14: Mangrove Finch (Camarhynchus Heliobates)
Warbler genus
Figure-15: Green Warbler-Finch (Certhidea Olivacea)
Figure-16: Grey Warbler-Finch (Certhidea Fusca)
Plant-eating tree finches
Fig.17: Plant-eating tree finches, Vegetarian Finch (Platyspiza Crassirostris), Galapagest has
Genus Cocos
Fig. 18: Cocos Finch (Pinaroloxias Inornata), the only Ground finch in the Darwin Finch that is not the Galapagos Islands
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