In the last years of the Western Han Dynasty, when Liu Xin was emperor, his politics were dim and the people were not happy. Bao Xuan, a commentator from Bohai County, wrote: "Today, the people are facing seven kinds of suffering: First, yin and yang are not reconciled,

In the last years of the Western Han Dynasty, when Liu Xin was emperor, his politics were dim and the people were not happy. Bao Xuan, a commentator from Bohai County, wrote in his letter: "Today, the people are faced with seven kinds of suffering: First, the yin and yang are not reconciled, and floods and droughts are frequent; second, the government has increased taxes and levied strict taxes; third, corrupt officials and corrupt officials have been extorted without stopping; fourth, rich and large landlords have never stopped annexing; fifth, harsh and complicated errands and constantly dispatching people's husbands, unable to cultivate the land; sixth, the villages are not quiet, the alarms are connected, and the people are alarmed; seventh, robbers and bandits, robbing property. "Seven kinds of suffering, which can be barely endured.

However, in addition to seven kinds of suffering, the people also faced seven kinds of death: first, they fell into the net of justice and were tortured to death by cruel tyrants; second, after being imprisoned, they could not escape torture; third, once they were arrested, they had nowhere to complain, and they died with hatred; fourth, they fell into the hands of thieves and forced them to sacrifice their belongings and tortured them; fifth, they took revenge and hated each other, and killed each other; sixth, they starved to death in famine years; and seventh, they were infected by plague and fell ill in bed.

"The people face seven kinds of suffering, none of which can be escaped. In the face of seven kinds of death, there is no way to live. And it is impossible to even think of relying entirely on punishment to promote peace in the world. Is this not the result of the corruption of senior central officials, local county chiefs (shou), and feudal prime ministers (xiang)? "These officials, who are fortunate enough to occupy high positions and enjoy high salaries, are willing to pity the small people a little and help His Majesty to promote indoctrination?" Their only ambition is to run private property, recruit idlers, and establish a tail-wagging system for profit. He thinks that he is a snoop and a snoop, and he obeys things when things happen, which is a handsome master who understands current affairs. Think that less open mouth, do not complain, pretend to be deaf and dumb, is a high degree of wisdom. Like me, I blame the evil and make blunt statements, but they affirm that I am a scholar and stupid. However, His Majesty promoted me from the cave to the government official, of course, hoping that I could have a feather-like small contribution, but did he just teach me to eat well, dress well, climb all the way up, and climb up to the high gate hall of Weiyang Palace?

"The world is the world of the Emperor." On the other hand, His Majesty is the son of the Emperor. By the way, His Majesty is the parent of the people. Today, the people are poor, have no vegetables, no rice, and wear clothes full of holes. Father and son couple, can not be preserved, making people sour nose. Your Majesty, if you do not save your people, teach them to plead with whom? Why only provide for the emperor's relatives and favor Dong Xian, give them so many rewards, often one hundred thousand million, so that their slaves, retinues, and disciples will treat wine as water and meat as bean leaves, and squander and waste? Slaves, and slaves' slaves, have become rich, and this is not the emperor's will!

However, after the emperor read the sonata, he threw it aside and still went his own way. A few years later, after Liu Xin's death, Wang Mang channeled han