Chen Shubao (陳叔宝; 10 December 553 – 16 December 604), courtesy name Yuanxiu, was a Chinese poet. The last emperor of the Chen Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties (reigned from February 20, 582 to February 10, 589), known in history as "Lord Chen Hou".
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The Chen Dynasty (November 16, 557 – February 10, 589), also known as Southern Chen and Southern Dynasty Chen, was the last dynasty of the Southern Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties period in Chinese history, founded by Chen Ba's ancestor Liang, with Jiankang (present-day Nanjing) as its capital. The Chen Dynasty was relatively developed economically and culturally, and several kings except Lord Chen Hou were considered Ming Lords, but militarily it was difficult to compete with the North. In the fourteenth year of Taijian (582), Chen Shubao succeeded to the throne as the lord of Chen Hou. Lord Chen Hou did not ask about political affairs, he was wasted in wine, and the political rivers of the Chen Dynasty were declining day by day, and he also believed that the Yangtze River was dangerous and did not think of making progress, and passively stuck. In the third year of Zhenming (589), Chen Hou was captured by the Sui general Han Huhu, and the Chen Dynasty was destroyed, and the north and south were unified.
1. Origin
Chen Shubao was born on November 20 of the second year of Liang Chengsheng (December 10, 553), and was the eldest son of Emperor Xuan of Chen. Chen Shuling, the second son of Emperor Xuan of Chen and the younger brother of Chen Shubao, always had the intention of usurping the throne and tried to assassinate Chen Shubao. After The death of Emperor Xuan of Chen, Chen Shubao cried in front of Emperor Xuan's coffin, and his younger brother Chen Shuling took the opportunity to slash Shubao with a sharpened knife, hitting him in the neck, but did not cause fatal damage, and then escaped under the protection of the left and right, and sent the general Xiao Maha to attack Shuling. In the end, his younger brother Chen Shuling was killed, and Chen Shubao, the emperor, was the last emperor of the Chen Dynasty, Chen Hou.
2, do not ask about political affairs, absurd to wine
Lord Chen Hou thought that the Yangtze River was dangerous, did not care, and during his reign, he built a palace, lived in luxury, ignored the government and politics, and feasted with concubines and courtiers day and night, and made beautiful words. Chen Hou's favorite concubine Zhang Lihua was originally just a palace girl, and Chen Hou lord fell in love with her at first sight, and was named a noble concubine, regarded as the most precious treasure, so that when the dynasty was approaching, hundreds of officials played things, and let Zhang Lihua sit on her lap or hold her in her arms to decide the world's major events. The empress dowager of Chen Hou was of noble birth and had a quiet and upright disposition, and was not liked by Lord Chen Hou. The absurd empress Dowager Chen only liked charming women such as Zhang Lihua and Kong Guifei, and Kong Guifei and Zhang Lihua formed an alliance to slander the empress's adopted son Chen Yin, and the crown prince Chen Yin was finally deposed and replaced by Zhang Lihua's eldest son Chen Yuan. Emperor Hou of Chen even wanted to depose the empress and establish Zhang Lihua as empress, but this was not the case because of the Sui war against Chen.
In addition to favoring Zhang Lihua, Chen Hou also had Gong Gui's concubines and Kong Gui's concubines, as well as Wang and Li Ermei, as well as Zhang and Xue Ershuyuan, as well as Yuan Zhaoyi, He Jieyu, Jiang Xiurong and other beauties. Proud of the natural dangers of the Yangtze River, he only cares about drinking and playing with these beauties such as Zhang Lihua, and indulging in sexual pleasure. Chen Hou lord "was born in the deep palace, grew up in the hands of women", tongyin rhythm, for Zhang Lihua to compose "Yushu Backyard Flowers": "Li Yu Fanglin to the high pavilion, the new dress of the beautiful ben fell city; Yinghu Condensed Jiaojiao did not enter, out of the curtain with a smile to greet each other, the face of the demon Ji like a flower with dew, the jade tree stream light illuminated the backyard. "And other words, are all mesmerizing sounds, often used as the sound of the subjugation of the country in later generations, and its famous song is "Spring River Flower Moon Night" and so on. The Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu's poem "Night Berth Qinhuai" has "Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night berth Qinhuai near the restaurant." The merchant girl did not know the hatred of the country, and sang the sentence "Backyard Flowers" across the river.
3. Zhang Lihua
Zhang Lihua (559-589), the favorite concubine of The Southern Dynasty Chen Hou, a native of Yangzhou, was born into a military family, and her father and brother both made a living weaving mats.
When Zhang Lihua was ten years old, she was born into a demon and entered the palace as a maid of Honor for Gong Gui's concubine. When she grew up, Chen Hou was shocked to see her, so she became a concubine, and Zhang Lihua became pregnant and gave birth to the crown prince Chen Yuan and the huiji king Chen Zhuang. In the fourteenth year of Taijian (582), Chen Shubao ascended the throne and made Zhang Lihua a noble concubine. Zhang Lihua was quite scheming and was good at pleasing Lord Chen Hou, so she was very appreciated by Lord Chen Hou.
Zhang Lihua was famous for her peerless appearance at that time, "Chen Shu Zhang Guifei's biography": "Seven feet long, sideburns as black as lacquer, light can be discerned, special intelligence, there is a divine color, into the leisure, the appearance of beauty, every look at the eyes, dazzling, reflecting left and right." Taste the beautiful makeup on the cabinet, approaching the Xuan Sill, looking at the palace from afar, floating like a god. ”
Zhang Lihua was not only beautiful and beautiful, but also intelligent, able to sing and dance, and was deeply loved by Lord Chen Hou and Empress Dowager Liu Jingyan, and even Lord Chen Hou was injured during the rebellion of Chen Shuling and recuperated at the Chengxiang Hall. The empress and other concubines were not allowed to enter, and were only served by the noble concubine Zhang Lihua.
Zhang Lihua was keen in his arguments, his memory was excellent, he had read the recitals, he never forgot them, and when Chen Hou lord did not understand, he could give them guidance, so he became more and more favored, when the eunuchs Cai Lin'er and Li Shandu initially handled the music and then sent them in, sometimes even Cai and Li forgot the content, but Zhang Lihua was able to answer one by one, without missing a single one, Zhang Lihua was only in charge of internal affairs at first, and then began to interfere in the government affairs of the dynasty, and gradually controlled the government.
Zhang Lihua spoiled power, has always liked to interfere in politics, almost any major matter will pass through her hands, and even in the harem family members broke the law, as long as zhang Lihua begged for gifts, everyone could not help it. If the prince and minister did not obey the internal will, they would be reprimanded by Zhang Lihua only by one sentence. Therefore, the small imperial court in Jiangdong "did not know that there was Chen Shubao, only that there was Zhang Lihua." Chen Shubao deposed the eldest son, made Zhang Lihua's eldest son Chen Yuan the crown prince, and actively prepared to depose the empress and rename Zhang Lihua as empress, because Chen's fall of the country was only too late. In the eighth year of the Sui Kai Emperor (588), the Sui army attacked Jiankang from the south, and the front-line Feishu told Chen Hou that he had put the urgent mail at the head of Zhang Lihua's bed and forgot to open the seal.
4. The state is destroyed and captured
In March of the eighth year of Emperor Wen of Sui's reign, Emperor Wen of Sui sent an army of 518,000 men, commanded by Yang Guang, the King of Jin, to attack jiankang, the capital of the Chen Dynasty. Chen Hou lordd the yangtze river natural danger, did not care, only cared about drinking and playing with Zhang Lihua, indulging in sexual pleasure. In the first month of the following year (the ninth year of the Reign of Emperor Kai of Sui, 589), the Sui general Han Huhu took the lead in attacking Jiankang. Zhang Lihua and Chen Hou lord hid in the palace well to avoid trouble. Sui Jun tied a basket with a thick rope in the well, and after pulling it up, he found that the original Chen Hou Lord, Zhang Guifei, and Kong Guifei came up together and sat tightly together in the basket, at this time Zhang Lihua was soaked with wetness, her dress was close, and she was even more beautiful, although Zhang Lihua had long been a mother, she looked very charming, and Yang Guang, the king of Jin, was moved by her peerless beauty and wanted to be a concubine. Chang Shi Gao was worried, but he was killed. Later, Zhang Lihua was kidnapped to the execution ground with Kong Guifei and beheaded by the executioner for public display, and he was Chinese New Year's Eve years old. The Chen Dynasty was overthrown, and Emperor Wen of Sui finally unified the country. The more than 400-year-long Wei and Jin Dynasties ended, and China entered the great unified Sui Dynasty.
5. The Walking Dead
After Emperor Chen was captured, Emperor Yang Jian of Sui gave him great preferential treatment and allowed him to ascend to the throne as a Sanpin official. He was often invited to banquets, fearing that he would be sad and not play Jiangnan music, but Lord Chen Hou never took the pain of the subjugation of the country to heart. So much so that Emperor Wen of Sui once said of Lord Chen Hou: "There is no heart and liver at all." ”
Chen Shubao died in November of the fourth year of Sui Renshou (December 16, 604), at the age of fifty-two. He was buried in Fengtaili Township, Luoyang, north of Fengtai Village, Mengjin County, Luoyang Province.