People who like to study cold knowledge have wondered about one thing, that is, why are there place names such as Nanjing, Beijing, and Tokyo, but there is no Xijing alone?
Tokyo
nanking
Beijing
In fact, xijing is in the ancient place name, but due to historical reasons, it has been buried in the long river of history. In the last millennium, two places in China have been set up as Xijing.
One is Xijing Henan Province, which is Luoyang. After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, the five-generation old system was used, with Kaifeng as the tokyo and Henan (Luoyang) as the western capital, which was used until the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, and then the pseudo-Qi continued for another eight years, still using Luoyang as the western capital. In the fifteenth year of Tianhui (1137), Emperor Xizong of Jin deposed Qi, and Luoyang was stripped of the title of Xijing, leaving only the title of Henan Province, although it became the capital again in the first year of Emperor Xuanzong of Jin (1217), but the jing name was no longer "Xijing" but "Zhongjing".
Therefore, Luoyang, the western capital, coexisted for 137 years from 1001 AD, and if you start from the second year of the Later Jin Dynasty (937) when Luoyang was set as the western capital, it is 200 years. The "Xijing" of the Southern Song Dynasty only existed on the books, except in 1234, when Duanping entered Luo and made a big adventure to sneak around Luoyang.
The other was Datong Province in Xijing, which was captured by Mongol forces from the thirteenth year (1044) of Emperor Chongxi of Liaoxing to the first year of Emperor Xuanzong of Jin (1213). However, Mongolia at this time followed the old system of administrative divisions of the Jin Dynasty, still called Datong as Xijing, although it was no longer the capital, but at this time mongolia's division was a kind of situation of stacking beds, Xijing became the name of the administrative division left, Datong was both Datong Province and the upper level of Xijing Road, until the twenty-fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1288), Yuan Shizu changed Xijing Road to Datong Road, "Xijing" disappeared as an administrative division in China.
During this period, Xijing served as a capital for 170 years and as an administrative division for 75 years, for a total of 245 years.
1. What does "Kyo" really mean?
Jing, since ancient times, has the meaning of capital, capital, expand its meaning completely, you can form it into a word, that is, our current common word "Jingcheng".
Bai Juyi lamented in "Pipa Xing" that he was not reused, and wrote "I resigned from the imperial capital last year". In the four famous works, there are also frequent figures that make the capital of the country "Beijing", such as Dong Zhuo in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" entering the capital, and the general BianZhou in "Water Margin" becoming the beijing master.
Therefore, we can understand that both Nanjing and Beijing became capitals in a certain dynasty. The commonly used Tokyo in ancient times was not the current Tokyo in Japan, but the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty in Kaifeng City, Henan Province.
2. Nanjing, Beijing, Xijing, Tokyo, is just a concept
Many people reading the history books of various dynasties will find a very interesting phenomenon, that is, in Beijing as an example, each dynasty corresponds to different places, not a fixed location of the place name as today.
In ancient times, Beijing simply referred to the capital of this dynasty corresponding to the north. For example, the city of Taiyuan in present-day Shanxi Province was called Beijing in the Tang Dynasty. Tang Gaozu Li Yuan was ambitious, and at the time of the great chaos in the world, he raised an army from Taiyuan and eventually unified the world, Taiyuan was the birthplace of the Tang Dynasty's hegemony and enjoyed a lofty historical status, so in the first year of Tang Xuanzong's Tianbao, it became Beijing.
Other names such as Nanjing, which correspond to each dynasty, were slightly different and did not stabilize until they entered the modern era.
3. "Disappearing" Xijing
In 25 AD, Liu Xiu, the imperial family of the Western Han Dynasty, was proclaimed emperor, and the capital Luoyang was established, and the Eastern Han Dynasty was established. Since Liu Xiu considered himself the heir of the Western Han Dynasty, when Luoyang became the capital of the state, the old capital of the Western Han Dynasty, Chang'an, was the western capital.
At that time, Chang'an was called "Xijing" and "Xidu", and the literary scholar Ban Gu's "Two Capitals Fu" and Zhang Heng's "Erjing Fu" both described the old capital Chang'an. It can be seen that Xijing did exist in ancient times, and there is more than one corresponding historical orientation of Xijing.
The capital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Luoyang, Henan Province, and Datong City, Shanxi Province, have all been named Xijing in different historical periods, but it is a pity that the status of Xijing has not been retained. Beijing was the title finalized by the first CPPCC vote, and before that it was called Beiping. Nanjing has always been a customary name since Ming Chengzu.
Does not involve the same name, naturally there is no need to change, so when the Republic of China re-determined the place name did not change a Xijing City and the like, as for the temporary planning of "Xijing" and not to say that it has not been implemented, even if it is implemented in the "escort capital" Chongqing, can there now be "accompanying the city"? As long as he did not rename Xi'an or Luoyang to Xijing City, it was still of no practical use. And this "Xijing" as the old yellow calendar, naturally even if it is out of five services.