Editor's Note
YuanRongli and Anpingsu, a reclusive culture with simplicity and inner peace as the goal of life, have always been the life creeds believed by many literati and degraded officials. In the reclusive culture, the most direct form of expression is to leave the mountains and forests, in the peach blossom source that belongs only to oneself, there is no dispute with the world. Since the formation of this phenomenon during the Wei and Jin dynasties, it has had an extremely far-reaching impact on future generations.
On the shores of Lake Tai in southern China, there is a mountain that is known for its seclusion.
It is the Dome of the Rock.
Perhaps, in the map of mountains and forests around Jiangnan, Qionglongshan is not the most famous, but it can still be remembered by more people because it is closely related to the hidden culture in the Chinese tradition. The current Qionglong Mountain is more like the natural oxygen bar in the back garden of Suzhou people, and the main peak is 341.7 meters above sea level, which is the highest and largest mountain in Suzhou. The winding road leads directly to the mountain, and the forest on the mountain is in pieces, where ancient celebrities such as Sun Wu have left their footprints, and the scenic spots on the mountain are also mostly around these celebrities. Each of the hermits who have lived here has their own life story, and each one can bring a wordless revelation.
Deep in the Qionglong Mountain, it is said that Emperor Jianwen of the Ming Dynasty once lived in seclusion in this mountain
I always remember the scene of the first ascent of The Vault:
Standing on the platform of the lake, looking at the vast lake, the fishing sails are dotted, and the seventy-two peaks are like clouds, which is beautiful. This is the highest peak in Suzhou, and the feeling of overlooking the mountains and small mountains makes people have a deeper understanding and understanding of the word "dome".
"Erya" said: The dome, the sky, the heavens.
Vault, in short, means big, deep, high. When it is connected with the word forcing, it describes the appearance of the middle bulge and the sagging on all sides. In fact, the qionglong mountain was first called qiongchongshan, which was renamed qionglong mountain because of the uplift in the middle of the mountain shape - this part of the uplift, according to the "Wu County Chronicle", "the top of the mountain can be wide and hundreds of acres."
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The "Gu Su Zhi" says: "Qionglong Mountain, especially higher than Yang Mountain." "Five Lakes Endowment" Cloud: Dome of the Earth, cover this mountain is really steep and deep, shaped like a plutonium stock... There are pan stones under the Mountains of Shandong, Gao Guangzhang Xu, and it is said that Zhu Maichen read on it, and the posterity was called the reading desk, and the Vault Temple was in Yan. To its north are Wisteria Dock, Hyakujo Spring, and Kaiun-an. On the western site is the White Horse Temple. ”
Yangshan is another mountain in Suzhou.
Although Zhu Maichen's reading desk is mentioned here, the number one figure on the history page of Qionglongshan should be Bing Sheng Sun Wu.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, wars broke out. Sun Wu was originally a Qi person, and he defected to the State of Wu to avoid chaos. It is said that Sun Wu, a newcomer, lived in Maopengwu in Qionglong Mountain, wrote books and said that he lived a life of anonymity and obscurity—as stated in "Wu Yue Chunqiu", "the world knows what it can do." At that time, in the state of Wu, the king of Wu wanted to dominate the industry, and at the time of employing people, Wu Zixu recommended Sun Wu to the king of Wu. Later, there was also the Wu King's "descending rank to greet him, giving him a seat, and asking for the art of war." Thirteen articles written by Sun Wujian, the next time to the grand scene of "the first."
According to legend, King Wu made people read the whole text aloud, "every final one, full of praise."
Later history, as we all know, Wu Zixu and Sun Wu joined hands to break the Chu state in the west and the Qi Jin in the north, and made great contributions to the opening up of the territory and expansion of the territory of the Wu king, which can be described as the important subjects of the Wu state, especially the Wu-Chu War, which has become a classic case in the history of ancient Chinese warfare with fewer victories and more victories. However, after Wu Wangfuchai succeeded to the throne, he was drunk and poor, and Wu Zixu was given a sword and died, which discouraged Sun Wu, so he returned from illness and continued to return to the hidden mountains.
Onion Cage Shadow Photo: Ruan Qiang
Sun Wuyuan in Qionglong Mountain is the place where Sun Wu is commemorated.
On the door of The Bamboo Building of Sun Wuyuan is the three big characters inscribed by General Zhang Aiping" "Sun Wuyuan". Entering the gatehouse, what jumps into view is the inscription of Mao Zedong's font "Know Yourself and Know The Other, Win Every Battle" carved on black marble. In the hut of "Sun Wu's Former Residence", it is equipped with bows and arrows, swords, and military battle maps, and places such as low cases, beds, coats, hoes, etc.
From the right side of the hut, up the stairs is the "Sun Tzu Art of War Monument Inscription Gallery".
Not far from the inscription gallery, the BingSheng Church is built against the mountain. This building, which imitates the Spring and Autumn style and ceremonial system, is designed according to the remnants of the tomb of the Women of Yin Ruins and the three halls of enjoyment in Hui County, Henan during the Warring States period. A large screen is placed in the middle of the hall, the full text of "Sun Tzu's Art of War" is engraved, and the base part is engraved with "Land and Water Attack Battle Map", with many characters, densely packed, but vivid, vividly presenting the fierce scenes of drumming, boating, fighting, archery, and ladder siege during ancient land and water battles.
In front of the BingSheng Hall, there is a bronze statue of Sun Wu.
I don't know who the statue came from, but Sun Wu held a pen in his left hand and held his cheek in his right hand, and his eyes were shining brightly in front of him, and there was indeed a heroic atmosphere, as if the master of the soldier who was strategizing in the drapery and winning thousands of miles away was in front of him. In fact, I have always been in awe of Sun Wu. When I was a child, my family was poor, but there were not many things to play with. Fortunately, the neighbor's house has a game of military chess, which makes me often go to play a few games with my friends. At that time, because of the relationship between chinese textbooks, I was full of curiosity about the term art of war, and I felt how great those who knew how to arrange troops, such as Zhuge Liang, who could swing the Bagua array, such as Sun Wu, who wrote "Sun Tzu's Art of War".
The thirteen old biographies of Sun Tzu's Art of War, which have nearly 6,000 words so far, are the earliest military monographs in the world, 2,300 years earlier than the "Theory of War" written by Carl von Clausewitz in Europe, and are respected by the world as "the originator of Oriental military science" and "the first ancient soldier book in the world". Qionglong Mountain is known as "Suzhou's Wisdom Mountain". Suzhou Shanshui Qingjia, why is Qionglong Mountain unique to this name?
When I stood in front of the bronze statue of Sun Wu, I finally found the answer.
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If Sun Wu's seclusion in Qionglongshan is to escape the chaotic world, then Zhu Maichen's negative salary reading is just his daily life as a Qionglongshan person.
In this era of screen reading, talking about Zhu Maichen is like repeating a strange thing. However, he is a key word that The Vault Mountain cannot bypass. Zhu Maichen, who was born in poverty, liked to read, and when he was a child, he relied on helping people herd sheep to supplement his family, and later became a family, and his heart for reading was not lost, often picking up salaries on the sheep intestine trail of Qionglong Mountain, while reading. Such an infatuated act annoyed the wife who was eager for success, so that she married someone else in a fit of rage. However, the things of the world will never fail to live up to the perseverance. Later, on the recommendation of his fellow villagers, Zhu Maichen spoke about "Spring and Autumn" and "Chu Ci" for Emperor Wu of Han, and was worshipped as a Huijian Taishou.
This inspirational old story is recorded in the Book of Han as follows:
Zhu Maichen, Zi Wengzi, Wu Ren also. Poor family, good reading, no rule of industry, often ai salary tree, sell for food, bear the salary, line and recite books. His wife also bears the burden of wearing a companionship, and the number of buyers does not sing and vomit. The buyer is more and more sick, and the wife is ashamed, and asks to go. The buyer smiled and said, "I was fifty years old and rich, and now I am more than forty years old." Women suffer for a long time, and treat me rich and noble to repay female merits. The wife was furious: "If you wait for the public, you will eventually starve to death in the middle of the ditch, how can you be rich!" "The buyer cannot stay, that is, listen to it." Subsequently, the buyer went alone in the song path, between the tombs with negative salaries.
How can such a legendary figure not make people curious?
Therefore, the first time I landed on The Dome Of the Mountain, I hurried to see this stone inscribed with the legendary inscription "Han Hui Ji Tai Shou Zhu Gong Reading Place". The stone is thick and large enough for a person to lie down and take a nap. It's just that the handwriting is slightly mottled, and the moss is faint between the cracks of the pen, perhaps, this is the power of time. Day after day, year after year, I don't know how many people have been here. It is said that many parents of Jackie Chan often bring playful children here to explain the principles of reading to them on the spot.
Obviously, the legend of Zhu Maichen has become a classic annotation of "the golden house in the book". However, if the understanding of Zhu Maichen only stays at this level of utilitarianism, it is both shallow and a deep misunderstanding of him. Through the long tunnels of history, today, we should read from him the silken light of the ancient hermit. Fishing tree cultivation reading is a cultural symbol of China's agricultural civilization. When Zhu Maichen walked on the Qionglong Mountain, he unexpectedly became the forerunner of ancient Chinese wood songs. This is also an important reason why the latecomers listed him together with Yan Ziling, who was fishing for the elderly, Emperor Shun of Lishan Farming, and Su Qin, who studied hard, as the symbols of fishing and cultivating.
The history books record that Zhu Maichen sang in the Qionglongshan Dao, so what song did he sing?
Wu Ge, of course!
Wu Ge is the general name for the Wudi Song, and the area around the Taihu Lake Basin is the central area of Wu Ge. The Wu song of Jiangnan Water Town is gentle and thick, subtle and lingering, and when Zhu Maichen casually sings a Wu song in the qionglong mountain with flowers and trees and verdant mountains, the whole jiangnan land is more gentle because of this song.
There is the word "Wukou" on the rock of the west downhill road mouth of the Wanghu Garden of Qionglong Mountain, and the secret use of Qionglong Mountain is an allusion to "Tiankou". Courtesy of Wang Dao
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In the history of The Vault Mountain, there is another person worth paying attention to.
This person is not Qianlong, who likes to wander around in Jiangnan and leave countless so-called imperial roads, but Han Shizhong, a famous general of the Southern Song Dynasty. When it comes to him, people who know a little about the history of the barnyard official Ye know that although he and Yue Fei are on a par with Yue Fei and are one of the four famous generals of the Southern Song Dynasty, they were criticized for having friends with Yue Fei. Wild history is credible and not credible, but this is another topic. What I would like to say is that Han Shizhong, a famous southern Song Dynasty monk, who will meditate on the Buddha at the Ningbang Temple in Qionglongshan Mountain, has left a different kind of humanistic back to the land of Wuzhong.
Ninh Bang Temple, on the northernmost side of The Dome Of the Rock.
If you walk past the Lake Pavilion, it is not far away. According to historical records, this is a temple that was founded in the Liang Dynasty, and was called "Haiyun Zen Temple" at that time. In the twelfth year of Shaoxing of the Southern Song Dynasty (1142), the anti-Jin hero Yue Fei was murdered by Qin Ju, so that Han Shizhong, who had a heart to repay the country with a fist, saw the corruption of the imperial court. He was disheartened and avoided chaos in Suzhou. At first, he lived in seclusion in Canglang Pavilion, but later he heard that there was a Haiyun Zen Temple in the depths of Qionglong Mountain, so he brought a few love generals who had followed him in the southern expedition to the north and came here to shave his hair and practice, and to live in seclusion.
Dong Tianfudi Photo: Qian Guifeng
However, deep inside their hearts, they still can't let go of the mountains and rivers of their home country.
This can be seen from the fact that he organized manpower to rebuild the "Haiyun Zen Temple" and renamed it "Ningbang Zen Temple". The word "Ningbang", which is well understood, means to desire the peace of the homeland. Although this was only a change in the name of a monastery, it contained their deep desire for peace and tranquility in the country. How Han Shizhong, who is hidden in the Vault Mountain, spent his old age is unknown, but now there is a place to play on the platform, which is said to be the place where he admired the moon. The six large characters on the stone wall are "Han Pu Wang Playing platform", Wei Ti, written by Yu Youren.
Next to the play platform, there are four big characters of "Lone Peak Haoyue", eye-catching and full of deep meaning.
Standing under the play platform, I can imagine that when Han Shizhong looked up at the moon and looked down at the lake here, his heart must have been undulating. Although he bore unknown pain, his ability to come here provided a new model for the hermits of ancient China: famous generals who galloped across the battlefield would also retreat from hiding when there was no way to fight.
Although he has not been able to let go of Ha Shan Sheji.
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In the "Battle of Jingnan" in the history of the Ming Dynasty, legend has left a "living mouth", that is, Emperor Jianwen. After sitting on the dragon chair with the slogan of "Qing Jun's Side and JingGuo's Difficulty", Zhu Di, who had been waving all the way south, had been worried about the whereabouts of Emperor Jianwen. He even sent people around to inquire, all of which ended in fruitlessness. In folk history, the Jianwen Emperor is full of legends, there are sayings that the bones of the corpses buried in the sea of fire do not exist, there are sayings of exile abroad, and there are also sayings of cutting hair and becoming monks. In any case, the place where Emperor Jianwen went was a pending case in the Ming history classics.
As far as the theory of exile is concerned, it is still confusing and diverse. For example, there is a theory that Emperor Jianwen fled to Pingba in Anshun, Guizhou, and spent the rest of his life in a small temple called Gaofeng Temple. Moreover, the "Pingba County Chronicle" also records that there is a board with eyes, saying that there is a hidden cave under the Zhaitang, and at the bottom of the cave there is a stone stele inscribed with the inscription "Xiufeng Zhaojian Wen traces dust know the void like a door" - not only that, another stone stele in the temple is also engraved with the details of the ancestor xiufeng who took in Emperor Jianwen. In addition, Quanzhou in Fujian Province, Lanxi in Zhejiang Province and other places have legends of Emperor Jianwen's seclusion, and they are like evidence in hand, full of confidence.
In this article about Qionglongshan, the reason why I mention Emperor Jianwen is because there are folk field history and literary history experts who corroborate each other, and Emperor Jianwen after the Battle of Jingnan cut his hair and became a monk at Qionglongshan.
This in turn has to mention Zhu Di's heavy minister Yao Guangxiao.
Yao Guangxiao
Yao Guangxiao, a native of Suzhou, played a heavy role in helping Zhu Di fight for the throne. However, he later refused the official Houlu and resolutely went to the QionglongShan Guiyin Zen Temple. According to legend, he felt guilty about Emperor Jianwen, so he secretly guarded him in the Jicui Nunnery , according to the Chronicle of Suzhou Prefecture , there is a Jicui Nunnery under the Qionglong Mountain , also known as the Imperial Driving Nunnery , where Emperor Jianwen of the Ming Dynasty was taxed during his reign.
Jicui-an, just at the foot of The Dome Of the Rock, is a small temple.
In the Maopengwu scenic spot of Qionglong Mountain, there is a museum of sight and news, which was built to store evidence of the "Mystery Case of Emperor Jianwen" and decrypt the mystery of Emperor Jianwen. Obviously, the word "seeing and hearing" takes the harmonic sound of "Jianwen Emperor", and there is another deep meaning of "increasing the knowledge and hearing". Coming out of the Seeing and Hearing Hall, I felt that the heart of the Vault Mountain was broad. It did not arbitrarily conclude that Emperor Jianwen must have lived in seclusion in an affirmative tone, but only provided a new possibility for the rumors of Emperor Jianwen, unlike some places that have been fought over for the hometown of celebrities in recent years, tearing up faces for so-called historical resources, or cheating. Doing that is the bigger joke.
If Emperor Jianwen really lived in seclusion in Si, could it be that he wanted to study the book of soldiers and revitalize the mountains and rivers?
History always makes people so incomprehensible.
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The Dome Of the Rock is also the place of refuge for the pianist. This is something I didn't know by accident.
In the early summer of 2016, I went to the Shihu Qin Society in the South Community of Shuimo Jiangnan in Suzhou Industrial Park to drink tea, and when I talked to the young violinist Lu Jidong about the hidden culture of Qionglongshan, he casually drew a copy of "Da Huan Ge Qin Score" from the bookshelf behind him and showed it to me. When I was reading it, I heard him say: Mr. Xu lived in seclusion in Qionglong Mountain in his old age.
This was somewhat unexpected.
Perhaps, it was this photocopy and vertical sheet music that came too suddenly. However, such unexpected encounters opened the door for me to find the history of the guqin in Qionglongshan. If you want to trace it, the earliest is the Eastern Wu name Gu Yong during the Three Kingdoms period. He once played the violin at the top of Xiaowang Mountain, which is recorded in historical records - Xiaowang Mountain, which is a small hill in the Vault Mountains. Since ancient times, the harp has been the standard for the hermit. Since Qionglongshan has been a famous mountain in Jiangnan since ancient times, it must be waiting for the arrival of a violinist in the dark.
In 1644, Xu Qingshan finally came.
This Taicang man, who had two martial arts examinations in his youth and won the middle school, chose Qionglong Mountain when he was desperate to serve the country. His real name was Xu Shangying, and he later changed his name to Hóng (谼), taking the name Shifanshanren (石帆山人) and the nickname Qingshan (青山). From this year until his death, he lived a life of poverty and seclusion. Of course, the reason why he chose Qinyin in his life path is related to his birth in a place with a strong piano style. He was successively taught by Chen Xingyuan, Zhang Weichuan, Yan Cheng and other famous masters, often with the piano friends, with friends to discuss the theory of piano science, and later formed a Qinchuan Qin Society with his fellow practitioners, known as the "Yushan Qin School" set up a master. After living in seclusion in Qionglongshan, he summed up years of playing practice and compiled it into "Da Huan Ge Qin Score", and his other work", "Xishan Qin Condition", systematically and exhaustively expounded the aesthetic theory of piano performance, and put forward twenty-four key points such as "harmony, quietness, Qing and Yuan", which is a collection of Chinese guqin aesthetics and influenced the Qing and Republic of China piano circles for three hundred years.
Two days after the Mid-Autumn Festival in 2016, Lu Jidong planned and held a guqin collection in Qionglongshan, led by Zhu Xi, vice president of the Chinese Guqin Society. Not only that, the Suzhou Guqin Research Association, which aims to inherit and disseminate the guqin culture, has also settled in Qionglongshan.
The sound of the piano will dissipate spontaneously, just like the famous song "Guangling San".
However, the sound of the Yushan piano played again and again in Qionglongshan many years later is the distant greeting of contemporary qinists to ancient violinists, as if it were a dialogue and exchange through the corridor of time.
The hidden spirit of the Vault Mountain was even deeper.
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Wu Kuan, a Suzhou scholar of the Ming Dynasty, wrote a poem entitled "Climbing the Dome of the Mountain", which began with two sentences:
I smell wu zhong proverb, yang mountain high to the vault half.
Zhuang Zhao pulled up five thousand taels, and he was envious of Wu Zhong's temple.
The "proverb" here is the Wudi proverb "Yangshan is ten thousand feet high, not as high as the dome and half-cut waist".
Although Qionglong Mountain enjoys the title of "the first peak in Wuzhong", in my opinion, the most precious thing is the breath conveyed by the grass, trees, water and stones here, and there is a different quiet, even lonely, which is very consistent with the name of "Suzhou Wisdom Mountain". Wisdom is a vain word, but also a word that can be put into practice, and each person who returns to the hidden vault is a candle that constantly leads us to find the light in the darkness.
At the turn of summer and autumn in 2021, when I went all over the pine and green bamboo of Qionglong Mountain and met a pheasant unexpectedly, I suddenly found that this place was too suitable for a person to cultivate himself. Although no one in this era of acceleration wants to live a truly isolated hermit life, the occasional listening to birdsong in the depths of the Vault Mountain, leaning down to look at a small grass for a while, watching a stream babbling away, may all give our tired hearts a blessing from forbearance.