Kaifeng, referred to as "汴", the ancients called it 汴州, 汴梁, 汴京, etc., is now a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Henan Province, but in the past, Kaifeng was the "ancient capital of the Eight Dynasties".
Kaifeng is located in the hinterland of the Central Plains in the east of Henan, adjacent to Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province, in the west, on the banks of the Yellow River.
The origin of the name Kaifeng
The name of Kaifeng was first called "Kaifeng", which originated from the Spring and Autumn Period, because Zheng Guozhuang built a granary city in this place, which means "Qituo Fengjiang". In 156 BC, during the reign of Emperor Jing of Han, "Kaifeng" collided with the name of Liu Qi, the Emperor of Han Jing, which was not okay, so he changed "Kaifeng" to "Kaifeng". Both names are verbs and are interesting.
During the Warring States period, King Hui of Wei moved the capital here and named it "Da Liang".
In the fifth dynasty, Liang Taizu also built the capital here, taking the name "Eastern Capital".
During the Later Han Dynasty, Later Zhou Dynasty, and Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng was also known as "Tokyo".
The Jin Dynasty destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty and changed Tokyo to "Fenjing".
After the Yuan ming dynasty, Kaifeng was renamed "Bieliang" and "Beijing".
From this calculation, Kaifeng has more than 4,000 years of history of city building and capital construction. The eight dynasties with their capital at Kaifeng were: the Xia Dynasty, the State of Wei, the Later Liang Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty, the Later Zhou Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, and the Jin Dynasty.
Kaifeng is one of the first national historical and cultural cities, the only capital city in the world where the central axis of the city has never changed, and in the most brilliant Northern Song Dynasty, the "Tokyo City" Kaifeng was the world's largest metropolis.
Qingming Upper River Map and Qingming Upper River Garden
The person who can best let us today intuitively understand the prosperity of Kaifeng Province in that year is a person named Zhang Zeduan. Zhang Zeduan left us a "Map of the Upper River of the Qingming Dynasty", just like a live TELEVISION broadcast that let us understand the humanistic customs of Kaifeng Province during the Northern Song Dynasty.
This "Qingming River Map", the width is only 24.8 cm, 24.8 cm is how much, is a little more than the short side of an A4 paper, but the length of this painting can be a bit exaggerated, 5.29 meters, this is a long cloth belt ah.
On this long roll of cloth tape, Mr. Zhang Lao painted a huge number of various characters, cattle, mules, donkeys and other livestock, cars, palanquins, large and small boats, houses, bridges, city towers and other characteristics of the Song Dynasty architecture, vividly recording the prosperous urban appearance of Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the living conditions of people of all social classes, and is a true portrayal of the humanistic, economic and social conditions of the Northern Song Dynasty.
"Qingming On the River" is one of the top ten famous paintings in China, which is unique in the history of Chinese and even world painting. Now it is a national treasure level cultural relic, which is collected in the Palace Museum in Beijing.
With the super drawing of the "Qingming Upper River Map", the Kaifeng people restored the Qingming Upper River Garden in the northwest corner of Kaifeng City in a 1:1 ratio. The city gate tower, hongqiao, street view, restaurant, shop, tea shop, pawnshop, river channel, wharf, boat yard, etc. in the park are all in accordance with the original layout of the "Qingming River Map", and are not different. Visitors to this garden can truly experience the Folk Entertainment, Juggling, DrumMing, Divine Lessons, Fortune Telling, Gambling, Cockfighting, Dog Fighting and other Kyoto styles of the Song Dynasty.
Covering an area of more than 500 acres, Qingming Upper River Park is a national AAAAA-level scenic spot.
The story of "Wenbao Wuyang" in Kaifeng Province has been passed down through the ages
Kaifeng Province with Bao Qingtian
Kaifeng was the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and KaifengFu was the municipality directly under the Central Government of the Song Dynasty, and those who could become "mayors" in this municipality were not idle people, but some important members of the imperial court, who were delegated to "exercise gilding", and three of them later became the "bosses" of the Song Dynasty: they were Song Taizong, Zhou Shizong, and Song Zhenzong.
Among the more than 180 "mayors" of Kaifeng Province, there is a man named Bao Zheng, who is known to all the women and children of our descendants, who is honest and just, does not attach himself to the powerful, is selfless with an iron face, enforces the law like a mountain, is wise and decisive, and always and everywhere files for the grievances of the people of Pingtou, and for thousands of years, people have called him "Bao Qingtian" and "Lord Bao".
"Bao Longtu sat in Kaifeng Province." In order to commemorate Bao Zheng, people call the lake in front of Kaifeng Province Baogong Lake. Later generations built the Bao Gong Ancestral Hall on the west bank of Bao Gong Lake, and the entire scenic spot constituted the "East West Ancestral Hall", a magnificent landscape of pavilions and clear water.
Now tourists come here, you can see the "opening ceremony", "Bao Gongjue case", "martial arts welcome performance", "fire spraying face" and other colorful performance activities, truly experience "tour Kaifeng Province, taste the culture of the Great Song Dynasty; worship the dragon map, appreciate the righteousness of the world".
Tianbo Yang Fu Yang Family General
Zhonglie Mansion Tianbo Mansion, iron-blooded loyal soul Yang Family General
Tianbo Yang Mansion is the residence of Yang Ye, a national hero of the Northern Song Dynasty.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Yang family was loyal to the country for generations, loyal to the country, Emperor Taizong Zhao Guangyi loved his "upright and upright, not good at clever words and flattery" personality, ordered the construction of a "Qingfeng Wuyu Tianbo Dishui Building" on the jinshui river at Tianbo Gate, and personally wrote a plaque of "Tianbo Yang Mansion" and rewarded Yang Ye, and at the same time decreed that all Manchu officials who passed through the gate of Tianbo Yang Mansion, civilian officials, and military attaches dismounted to show their respect for the Yang family.
Daisangkoku-ji Temple
Da Xiangguo Temple is located in the center of Kaifeng, was founded in the sixth year of northern Qi Tianbao, a famous Buddhist temple in China, after being damaged by war and flooding, rebuilt during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, there are Halls of the Heavenly King, Daxiong Treasure Hall, Octagonal Glass Hall, Tibetan Scripture Building, Thousand Hands and Thousand Eyes Buddha and other temples and monuments.
Kaifeng Tower
The tower is located in the Tower Park of Beimen Street in Kaifeng City, built during the Northern Song Dynasty (1049 AD), known as the "world's first tower".
The iron tower, also known as the "Kaibao Temple Pagoda", is 56 meters high, octagonal, thirteen-story, all over the brown glazed bricks, mixed with iron casting, so people call it "Iron Tower", in fact, it is a brick tower.