Part of the Northern Song Dynasty Zhang Zeduan's "Map of the Upper River of the Qingming Dynasty"
"Qingming Upper River Map" silk, the original painting is 24.8 cm in length and 528 cm in width
"Qingming On the River" is a genre painting created by the Northern Song Dynasty painter Zhang Zeduan, which is his only surviving masterpiece, one of the top ten famous paintings in China, a national treasure-level cultural relic, and is known as "China's first divine product".
In ancient times, Qingming was only one of the twenty-four solar terms, coinciding with the early spring, when everything grew, suitable for outings. In the ancient calendar, before the Qingming Dynasty, it was the "Cold Food Festival", which worshiped the ancestors for cold food, and later with the Qingming, it became a festival together, so on this day everyone burned paper to worship the ancestors and also took an outing.
Zhang Zeduan's version of "Qingming On the River" adopts the scattered perspective composition method, which seems to be a genre painting depicting the activities of the people of Beijing during the Qingming Festival. The suburbs of the city, from the banks of the Bian River to the bustling street market, perfectly reproduce the whole picture of life in the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty.
For a long time, people have debated the meaning of the title of the painting "Qingming on the River", and it is still difficult to reach a conclusion. A common view is that "Qingming" means "political Qingming" and "Shanghe" means "river above" ("Shang" contains the meaning of "御"), referring to the Beihe River in The capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, Tokyo. That is to say, this is a painting praising the prosperity of the Taiping Dynasty, and it is a work of "patting horses" dedicated to Emperor Huizong of Song by Hanlin Zhizhao Zhang Zeduan, who served in the Xuanhe Painting Academy.
I don't think so!!
Of course, the "Qingming River Map" is painting the Qingming Festival!
The word "shang" is interpreted as a verb, and it is believed that due to seasonal reasons, the Beihe River freezes in winter and the water transportation stops; in the Qingming Season, the Beihe River transportation begins to be busy, and people will "go up the river" to do business, play, and go out to do things.
Modern and contemporary art historians such as Zheng Zhenduo, Xu Bangda, and Zhang Anzhi all advocated the theory of "spring scenery", that is, the painting was painted as a scene of the Qingming Dynasty, and ancestor worship and green tools existed.
Because there are sacrificial supplies selling stalls in the painting, it should be a temporary stall near the Qingming Dynasty, there are students watching the water and enjoying the fish (this is one of the important entertainment activities during the Qingming Period), and more importantly, the inscription poem of Song Huizong is painted, and there is a sentence "Water in the Upper River Spring", but this part of the painting has been lost due to circulation.
In the painting, there are paper horse shops, and on the street above the Bian River, there is a shop sign of "Wang Family Paper Horse", and the paper horses have been piled up in front of the door. Explain that it is the cold food festival, need to burn paper money...
△ Street paper horse stalls
△ Shusheng watching the water and enjoying the fish by the river
At the beginning of the volume, a rich family of more than a dozen people returned from sweeping the grave, the man rode on horseback, the hostess sat in a car, and the car was inserted with willow branches. The Chapter of the Qingming Festival in the Tokyo Dream Record says: "All new graves are used to worship and sweep on this day, and the people of the capital city go out of the ,...... The palanquin is topped with willow flowers and draped in all directions. ”
The farewell scene in front of the drum tower of the "Qingming Upper River Map" reflects the typical "ancestral road" sacrifice scene, that is, the scene of the sacrifice of the god of the road (road god) before the trip, and it can be seen in the picture that the young woman in the group wearing a donkey and wearing a hat as the host is reluctantly looking back at the two old people who are sending off. The woman rode on a donkey with two servants.
Or are going to the countryside to visit the graves,
There were 2 women riding on the road, dressing themselves up as Muslims
This is not to be afraid of the cold, song dynasty women are not convenient to show their faces
Looking around, the pedestrians on the street are rubbing shoulders,
The caravans and horses are endless,
Shouting and shouting and selling came and went...
Stalls sell hardware tools, cooking cakes, flowers, tea, etc.
There are small stalls everywhere in and around the capital, and there are business opportunities everywhere.
There were already a lot of modern convenience pastimes.
Qingming Festival public holidays, left hand takeaway, right hand chopping hand to buy buy, buy, buy,
Is it really good to sing in bars and nightclubs?
People who are in a hurry can find a restaurant to sit down and have two drinks when they are tired
Many flags with these blue and white stripes will appear along the way
As long as you see this flag, it means that "there is wine here"
It is equivalent to the "liquor sales license" issued by the imperial court.
At that time, the "foot shop" (not that the hotel offered "foot washing service")
There is also such a wine flag
As a landmark business district, the tavern must indeed have strong enough economic strength.
You see, the upper floor is also equipped with private rooms and private seats.
Foot shop means "secondary dealer".
It's like this store can sell "spear moss", but it doesn't produce "spear moss"
You have to buy goods from the manufacturer.
The real manufacturer's direct-operated store will have the word "main store" at the door.
Compared with the main store, the foot shop also has its advantages.
Since it is not a direct store, it means that it sells more than one kind of wine, "spear moss",
What Wuniang Liquid, Doi Fang, Jiang Xiaobai.......everything.
The main tavern produces its own sake
This is one of the 72 main stores authorized by the imperial court in Beijing, and it is also the largest large restaurant in the picture, the "main store" is the hotel, which is different from the foot shop of the same restaurant, the store has a strong capital, both for tourists to stay, but also for prostitutes and prostitutes, and is also a brewery, which can make wine, sell wine, and in the demarcated area, operate wholesale liquor business to the foot shop.
Tips:
Drinking without sailing,
Driving a boat without drinking,
No, it's going to crash...
Du Mu's "Qingming":
"During the Qingming Festival, the rain is pouring, and the pedestrians on the road want to break their souls;
Asking where the restaurant was, the shepherd boy pointed to the apricot blossom village."
During the Qingming Dynasty, there is no longer the chill of early spring, but the spring rain often arrives quietly, and it is three or five days at a time. Pedestrians rushed to the road to worship relatives, how to disturb their journey by drizzle, thinking about borrowing wine to warm their bodies and minds, fortunately, the shepherd boy pointed out. With only 28 words, the picture is vivid and the scenes are blended, which adds an artistic conception to the ancestors of the descendants.
Enjoy the full version of "Qingming River Map"
Cloud on a fine selection of good things
▲
Seven famous paintings are collected in one go
1:1 full volume HD replica