In the thirty-first year of Guangxu, Zhang Jian had a "Letter of Friendship from the Minister of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce", which said that he was running a business, "Yarn oil factories, a friend in the past, a brother in the present; reclamation, xingxue, this one disciple, the other is also a disciple." On the other hand, it is not a prudent and prudent person, and it is difficult to seek talent if you want to do everything in your belly. This should be the source of "one friend, one brother and two disciples". I have already mentioned Zhang Qian, a brother, and today I will talk about one of the two disciples, Jiang Qian, the principal of Tongzhou Normal And Nanjing Higher Normal School.
Jiang Qian (1876-1942), Zi Yiyuan, Dao number Yang Fuzi, Anhui Huizhou Wuyuan (now Wuyuan, Jiangxi) people, modern and modern famous educators, pioneers of modern Chinese education. His grandfather, Jiang Shenxiu, was a Qing Dynasty scribe, and his father, Jiang Qingzhou, was a polymath and a famous scholar in Yizhong. Jiang Qian's parents both believed in Buddhism.
Jiang Qian has been intelligent since childhood, and he is also a family scholar, he can read at the age of 5, he is familiar with the Four Books and Tongyi Theory at the age of 9, and he has completed the Five Classics and Gong Poetry at the age of 13. At the age of 17, he made up for his doctoral discipleship. In 1894, he participated in the township examination of the two provinces of Jiangning (Nanjing), after three nine days of hard work in the low eaves examination hall, Jiang Qian began to emerge, his article was highly appreciated by the housing official Liu Chongzhao and the main examiner Huang Shaodi, the proposed yuan scroll, has been paid for engraving, because the three examinations Jiang Qian wrote more numbers in the draft, can not be sealed, so it can not be sent in, the exam is invalid, which is a great blow to the 19-year-old Jiang Qian, he dragged his tired body from Jiangning (Nanjing) to the ancestral business opened by his uncle in Chongming Temple Town - Yuanhedian to relax and cultivate. Founded by Jiang Qian's great-grandfather Jiang Guokun, the shop deals in groceries and cooking, which the Jiang family has relied on for more than 100 years.
One day, a friend from Miaozhen asked Jiang Qian to write the examination paper of Chongming Yingzhou Academy, and the mountain chief of Yingzhou Academy at that time was Zhang Xiao, the new head of the Great Kui Tianxia, and Zhang Jian couldn't help but shoot the case when he looked at the sophisticated and philosophical article written by Jiang Qian, and won the first place for this, and thought that the age of this writer should be forty years old. After some time, Jiang Qian took the academy exam again, and crowned Qicao again, this time he used the name of another person, which aroused Zhang Jian's great attention, and believed that this article was not done by the people of Chongming County, so he entrusted people to inquire, Jiang Qian had already admired Zhang Jian of Zhuangyuan, and in the winter of 1894, he crossed the river to Haimen to meet Zhang Xiao, and Zhang Jian praised him: "Entering the end of the warmth and respecting." Looking at its industry, I have peeked into the book of three generations and two Han Dynasties. Talk with people, resign and be angry, and love is important. His gentleness and elegance left a good impression on Zhang Xiao.
At that time, Zhang Xiao was hired by Chongming Huang Zhongsu to take charge of Yingzhou Academy. At this time, Zhang Xiao did not go to Chongming, so he did not meet Jiang Qian, but appreciated Jiang Qian's talent through the lessons. In the past three years, Zhang Jian resigned chongming Yingzhou Academy and changed it to Jiangning Wenzheng Academy, Jiang Qian crossed the river into the Gurudwara, and Fang officially worshiped under Zhang Jian's door. Zhang Jian saw that he "entered and stopped being gentle and respectful, inspecting his karma, quite peeking into the three generations and two Han documents, speaking with people, resigning smoothly and angrily, and loving more and more importantly." Zhang Xiao also lamented the first incident of Jiang Qianxiang's attempt to fall. Later, in his self-compiled chronology, Zhang deliberately wrote "Deshi Wuyuan Jiangqian" when mentioning the section of Yingzhou Academy. This shows Zhang Xiao's love and concern for this college student.
In the spring of 1899, on the recommendation of Zhang Xiao, Jiang Qian entered the Normal Class of Nanyang Public School. Due to his frailty and illness, Jiang Qian dropped out of school in the autumn of 1900 due to illness and returned to Wuyuan to recuperate. During his studies at Nanyang College, Jiang Qian learned the grammar in English, and he was the first in the examination, which was highly praised by the American teacher Dr. Fu Kaisen.
In the winter of 1902, Jiang Qian came to Nantong Tangzha to visit Zhang Jian, when Zhang Jian was planning to establish Tongzhou Normal School and draft the school charter, so he assigned Jiang Qian to finish his business. In the first month of 1904, at the invitation of Zhang Xiao, Jiang Qian officially entered Tongzhou Normal School as a teacher to teach Chinese language, and Jiang Qian regarded the school as a fear after dropping out of Nanyang Public School, but in order to complete the teacher's ambition to revitalize and cultivate talents, he decided to help the teacher. At that time, there was a wave of students in various places, Zhang Jian advocated the strict implementation of the school charter, in 1906 Zhang Xiao assigned Jiang Qian to succeed Wang Jinfan and Ma Xiwu as the supervisor of the normal school, which was responsible for the practice of the normal school, and exercised the principal's duties when the principal was away, with great responsibility. Jiang Qian couldn't sleep all night for three consecutive days, and suddenly realized that the word "leniency and strictness" in his heart was indispensable, and the difficulties should be solved in line with the beat between the two months, and the school spirit was solemn. In 1914, he became the rector of the school.
For more than 10 years before and after the Nantong Normal School, Jiang Qian taught students Wang Yangming's "To the Study of Conscience" and "Records of Transmission and Practice", advocated the two Chinese study styles of "being able to cultivate and read", paid attention to the special scriptures of filial piety and Litian, and asked his mentor Zhang Jian to open up the western countryside of the school, which was a place for teachers and students to practice agriculture, in order to correct the old habit of idle talk by scholars and doctors. At the same time, the "History of History", "Book of the Two Han Dynasties", and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" were collected, and the biography and edict were collected into the "Two Han Studies Style", and the Jiangsu Education Association and the China Vocational Education Society tasted and printed them twice. In his long-term education in Chinese language, especially in the aspect of Chinese character zhuyin, Jiang Qian used his English expertise to understand the principle of reverse cutting; and because he taught his son to read by himself, he realized the natural vowel of one yin and one yang, which could explain all the words and sentences and local dialects in ancient Chinese classics.
In the same year, he was appointed director of the Department of Education of Jiangsu Province; in 1915, under the strong recommendation of Zhang Xiao, Jiang Qian became the first president of Nanjing Higher Normal School. Jiang Qian is a proud disciple of Zhang Jian, who was previously in charge of the school affairs of Tongzhou Normal School and accumulated certain experience in running schools. Zhang Xiao's recommendation is obviously in the hope that his educational ideas can be more widely promoted.
During his tenure as principal, Jiang Qian lived up to the expectations of the people and bowed down to ask questions, and he advocated the "simultaneous promotion of training, intellectual education, and sports," which coincided with Zhang Xiao's educational policy of "national ideology, industrial knowledge, and armed spirit." Jiang Qian believes that the purpose of training is to cultivate the exemplary personality of the people, which is also in line with Zhang Xiao's ideal pursuit of "cultivating personality for all sentient beings, being a good teacher every day, and becoming the qualification of the people of our country." Jiang Qian takes "sincerity" as the school motto, encourages teachers and students to be teachers, learners, and people to take "sincerity" as the training, and cultivate students to take "knowledge, benevolence, and courage" as the goal, work together to forge ahead, and form an atmosphere of "respecting teachers and loving students".
Jiang Qian not only admired Zhang Jian's talents, but also admired his practical career and the ambition to save the country through education, and did not live up to Zhang Xiao's cultivation and expectations. Jiang Qian once joined Jiang Daomin in the vast beach where "looking up at the sky and white clouds, overlooking the sea tide", led 2,000 or 3,000 people to fight with the tide with tenacious perseverance and reclaim the land. After Zhang Jian founded the Dada Inland River Steamship Company, Jiang Qian recommended Jiang Shixi (the father of the martyr Jiang Shangqing) as the company's assistant and opened a route from Nantong to Yangzhou.
Therefore, Jiang Qian is indeed Zhang Xiao's most proud protégé and the most important assistant in founding education. Zhang Jianping had two great disciples that he would never forget, he said: "Reclamation and revitalization of learning, this is a disciple, the other is also a disciple." These are Jiang Daomin and Jiang Qian.
In the seventh year of the Republic of China (1918), due to overwork and illness, Jiang Qian returned to his hometown to recuperate. During his illness, he devoted himself to the Buddha, read the Buddhist scriptures, worshiped the doctrine of "Confucianism and Buddhism", and successively took refuge in the two great masters of Zhenxuan and Yinguang. After cultivating the mind, the disease was cured. Later, he founded the Foguang Society in Hangzhou, southern Anhui and other places, with many branches in various provinces and more than 10,000 people joining the society with book titles.
In the summer of the eighth year of the Republic of China (1919), the Guanyin Zen Monastery in the northern foothills of the Wolf Mountain in Nantong was about to be completed after a comprehensive renovation, and in order to have a senior monk to preside over the future affairs of the temple, Zhang Xiao entrusted people to visit on his behalf. To this end, Jiang Qian wrote to Zhang recommending Master Hongyi. At this time, Jiang had converted to Buddhism and was more familiar with the situation in the Buddhist circles at that time, and he had already had contact with Master Hongyi, and when he was the principal of the Nanjing Higher Normal School, he had hired Li Shutong as a drawing and music teacher at the school. After Li Shutong became a monk, his legal name was pronounced, and the trumpet Hongyi was called.
In 1923, Jiang Qian, Jiang Zhiyuan and others rebuilt the Yongsi Hall of the Xiaojiang Ancestral Hall in Wuyuan Jiangwan, for which Zhang Jian wrote the "Record of rebuilding the Ancestral Ancestral Hall", and in 1924 he wrote the inscription for the Xiaojiang Ancestral Hall: "Since the Jiedu Yi surname, the Jiang clan has been divided into She, Yu Wu, Yu Qu, Dai Tingwenren, Woody Water Source, Yue Hu Shu Lan Ling Eight Xiao to Zhaoming Prince; Yunxi was written because of qing chong Confucian, during which Ruo Hu, Ruo Cheng, Ruo Dai, and called Shi Zhe, Taishan Beidou, And Suddenly Push Pill One Old Obscure Mr. When he heard that Jiang Qian had funded the construction of Jiangwan Central Primary School in his hometown, he was even more relieved. Despite the crisis of Dasheng Enterprise, he also tried to send a gift to help, and wrote a poem to congratulate: "I heard that the mountain industry, hardships and hardships in the south." The earth is not small, and the sky is far away and can talk. Shame on the book, Renfang Buddha's reference. Do as much as you can discuss things, and wait for the son to be at the pond. ”
As a shareholder of Nantong Dayou Jinyan Reclamation Company, Jiang Qian has 200 acres of red land in Guangyun Township, Sanyu Town. In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), he moved from Wuyuan to Guangyun Township, Sanyu Town, and the "Jiangjiacang" built by his son Jiang Youpeng. Surrounded by water, surrounded by greenery, there are several tile houses, fresh and quiet. In the following six or seven years, except for the chairman of ren zhong no. 3 middle school, he did not ask about family affairs, lost his wife and did not marry, and devoted himself to Buddhism. He called himself a "seaside cultivation reading place". During this period, jiang qian was invited from all over the world to give speeches, and he gave speeches in Nantong, Haimen, Jinsha, Erjia, Tangzha, Changle, Sijia, Sanyu and other places, promoted Buddhism, and made unremitting efforts. In order to cultivate Buddhist talents, he also founded the Buddhist-Confucian Unity Research Society in Wolf Mountain, which was later changed to the Lingfeng Society.
Former residence of Jiang Qian Sanyu
Jiang Qian's family lived in Sanyu Guangyun Township for thirty-one years in the Republic of China (1941), and then moved to Shanghai, living in the home of Zheng Jianyuan, a Wuyuan hui merchant known as the "King of Tea in Jiangnan". In the thirty-second year of the Republic of China (1942.5), Jiang Qian died in Shanghai at the age of 67, and was later buried in Sanyu. After his death, he left a posthumous work, collectively known as the "YangfuZhai Series", a huge work, which is a grand view.