There are many works about Jinyiwei, just take the movie, the earliest Dragon Gate Inn Jinyiwei, Longmen Flying Armor, Embroidered Spring Knife, New Dragon Gate Inn and so on. From the movie, Jinyiwei and Dongxi Factory have been portrayed as spooky and horrible, killing people like hemp. Well, there's such an organization that hides a lot of top players.
So what happened to the factory guard secret service agency of the Ming Dynasty? Today we will briefly talk about it.
Starting from the Jinyi Wei, the predecessor of the earliest Jinyi Wei was the Gongwei Division set up by Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Emperor, and later renamed the "Pro-Military Duwei Mansion", which ruled the Yiluan Division and was in charge of the emperor's honor guards and bodyguards. In the fifteenth year of Hongwu (1382), the pro-military capital Weifu and Yiluan Division were abolished, and the Jinyi Guards were replaced.
It has the right to detect and arrest and surveillance. The first line is the safety of gold as the first priority. Therefore, they are across all the institutions of the imperial court, can spy everywhere, may threaten the imperial power, endanger the words and deeds of the imperial court. Then, directly arrested, imprisoned, which forms a special function. The leader of the Jinyiwei was called the Jinyiwei Commander, which was generally held by the Emperor's closest military generals, and the Emperor's direct envoys were responsible to the Emperor, and could arrest anyone, including the Emperor's relatives, and conduct closed interrogations.
Why did Zhu Yuanzhang establish the Jinyi Guard? Because in the early days of the founding of the Country, he felt that some of the founding heroes had made high contributions, and the Gai Lord was very uneasy in his heart, especially after the emergence of Hu Weiyong.
Who is Hu Weiyong? Hu Weiyong was the last Zhongshu Province of the Ming Dynasty, and he was a fellow countryman with Li Shanchang.
At first, Zhu Yuanzhang especially admired Hu Weiyong's talent very much, and he hu Weiyong also worked hard, and became the minister of the dynasty, and as a result, he later took sole control of the power of life and death. Some things even did not report to Zhu Yuanzhang. In addition, he also tried to mutilate the people with whom he had married. For example, bribe Xu Da's gatekeeper to frame Xu Da, and the result is. Xu Da's gatekeeper told Xu Da about this. Xu Da did not show his face and told Zhu Yuanzhang about this matter, but this matter did not come to fruition. Later, he tried to kill Liu Ji. Liu Ji was ill, and Zhu Yuanzhang asked him to see the results.
He took the imperial doctor and said, This is this imperial medicine prescription given to you by the emperor to eat, and there is poison in it, so that Liu Ji will also be killed. This is not the end, he can even cross Zhu Yuanzhang while interacting with foreign history. Therefore, when there are many foreign histories, they directly pay tribute to Hu Weiyong.
Afterwards, Zhu Yuanzhang only knew that Zhu Yuanzhang saw this matter in his eyes, but he couldn't be in a hurry, why? Because Hu Weiyong was in power alone at that time, he transformed this Jinyi guard into a post that enriched his strength.
It also opened up the way for this kind of additional officer to march, making the Jinyi guard team more shrewd and capable, and set up a special reward, that is, the uniform of the flying fish suit, similar to the yellow coat of the Jinyi guard. Through costumes, when you can watch movies, you will find that they can distinguish their positions by costumes.
The jinyi guard is getting stronger and stronger. Seeing that the time was ripe, Zhu Yuanzhang looked for an opportunity to dismantle the Xiang Xiang Party headed by Hu Weiyong and the General Party headed by Lan Yu.
It was only very efficient to do things, and it took only two days to go from arrest to execution. Therefore, the Jinyi guard still played a positive role in maintaining and consolidating imperial power in the early stage. But his egregious deeds and his grave consequences immediately began to appear. Let's talk about the last time Hu Weiyong was eradicated, and the general party headed by Lan Yu, this operation slaughtered more than 450,000 people. You think about how terrible it is.
Many friends may also find that in the movie, there are also East Factory west factories, these. In fact, the most powerful of these is the East Factory, which was set up by Ming Chengzu Zhu Di.
After Zhu Di took the throne from his nephew, he felt weak in his heart, so he set up such an institution to consolidate his power. The function of the East Factory is similar to that of the Jinyi Guard, which is to detect and arrest rebellious spies. But the difference is that the head of the East Factory is a eunuch trusted by the Emperor, so the owner of the factory is also the Head of the East Factory. At the beginning of the eunuch, Dongchang did not have the right to judge, that is, after you caught this person, you had to hand it over to Jinyiwei to deal with.
But everyone noticed a detail in this, who is in power? The eunuch he and the emperor walked very closely, every day was Morgan.
Slowly, he honed the functions of prison or interrogation into his own hands and became the boss of Jinyiwei.
So how is the composition of the East Side made up? They are all drawn from inside the Jinyi Guards, and the elite soldiers are strong and the settings are also very strict. This is why when we watch film and television dramas, we find that the level of killers sent by the East Factory is far above the first line. In history, there is also an institution called West Field, which was founded by Emperor MingXianzong, and the establishment of West Field is related to one person. What is this man's name? Li Zilong this demon dao.
This man can deceive people with the left side door. There are many people in the DPRK who have become his bloated, trust him, and feel that this person is very powerful.
It was even rumored that this Li Zilong was trying to kill Jun for rebellion. Although Li Zilong's forces were soon eradicated by the Jinyi guards, they were obviously still at ease, so they sent the eunuch Wang Zhi out of the city to investigate the movements of the courtiers and the people. Wang Zhi seized this opportunity and went around catching wind and shadows, deliberately making this matter very serious. Report to the Apparent Sect. So it was obvious that no, so dangerous, and the obstacle had to set up an institution of its own. Therefore, after a new secret service agency, the West Factory, was born to strengthen the spying of the West Factory personnel and directly appoint Wang Zhi as the leader of the West Field, the power was extremely inflated. If you think about the eunuch himself in this matter, he was formed by the false momentum. Xicheng he once ruled Jinyiwei and Dongchang, but due to the indiscriminate killing of innocents and the excessive evil, the Manchu ministers unanimously opposed that Xichang was abolished during the ming wuzong years.
In addition, there is another institution called Xichang, which is the institution with the shortest life in the Ming Dynasty's infield position system, who is he related to? He had a relationship with the eunuch Liu Jin, who, in order to exclude dissidents, blew the wind at the emperor's place, softly and hard bubbles, and established such a secret service agency.
This secret service agency has greater powers, not only has all the functions of the previous aircraft maintenance organ, but also includes the Jinyiwei, the East Factory, and the West Factory in the surveillance and bad powers. It's wider, and the line is more brutal. This infield has only existed for five years.
However, Liu Jin used him to mutilate countless good ministers, and slowly consolidated imperial power in Jinyiwei, East Factory, and West Factory.
The development of abuse of power made the ministers panic for the rest of their lives, and the Jinyi guards were even secretly installed in the courtiers' homes, and even the courtiers' daily torture of ponies could be clearly seen. Here's an example.
At home, Song Lian, a university scholar, invited a few friends to dinner.
The next day, when he went to the court, Zhu Yuanzhang asked Song Lian which friends he invited to drink yesterday, no, what dishes he ate, and Song Lian truthfully answered zhu Yuanzhang when he was satisfied, well, it seems that you did not deceive me to send it, which was the reaction. Zhu Yuanzhang had already installed agents to see him in his palace, and he couldn't help but break out in a cold sweat. This shows the degree of madness of these people at that time. Gastrointestinal agents are everywhere, and everyone lives in the white terror.
When it comes to Jinyiwei, the East Factory and the West Factory make people unbearable. Why? Mainly their criminal law.
Let's give you a few examples.
One is spot checks.
What kind of punishment is it? It is a wooden pole on a high place, and a rope is attached to it, and one end of the rope is tied with an iron hook, and the other end falls on a heavy object, and then the prisoner's anus is cut open, and the prisoner's big head is hooked with an iron hook, and then the heavy object at the other end is put down to borrow force, and the prisoner's intestines are pulled out completely, causing death.
There was also a brush, which swallowed the prisoner, tied him to an iron bed, and poured hot water on him. After that?
The latte brush brushed repeatedly on the prisoner until it reached the flesh and exposed the white bone. The prisoner didn't wait, he died after this punishment.
In addition, there is another one that is also very familiar, we have said before that Zhu Yuanzhang's focus is to peel the skin and eat grass, peel off the skin of the prisoners, fill in the grass and hang it at the city gate. What we said earlier about Zhu Yuanzhang using this method is to control pollution, and here the Jinyi Guard is used to treat criminals. In the early Ming Dynasty, peeling was to cut off the heads of prisoners and then peel them, and in the later period, it was even worse. Skinning of the living.
He even poured melted asphalt on the prisoner, and when the asphalt solidified, he knocked off the skin along with reason. During the reign of Emperor Xizong of Zhu, Wei Zhongxian's monopoly of power, the minister Yang Jing and zuo Qiandu Yushi Zuo Guangdou and other direct ministers jointly wrote to talk about Wei Zhongxian. As a result, Wei Zhongxian knew about this matter, and he used the power of the field to fabricate charges against Yang Jing and others, and arrested two people. When Yang Jing died, the body was pressed by an earthen bag, and iron nails were sucked into the ears, and the scene was very terrifying. Zuo Guangdou was also beaten in the face, unable to be recognized, and the muscles and bones below the left knee were completely detached.
He eventually died in prison.
The days of the common people were also frightening at that time. There is a record in the Ming Shi Penal Chronicle that during the ming dynasty, there was a night when four ordinary people drank in a hut at home, and one of them drank a little too much, and he scolded Wei Zhongxian a few times when he opened his mouth. Before he could finish speaking, the agent slammed in the door, arrested and imprisoned the man, and temporarily executed the abuser in front of three other people. The other three people were so frightened that they couldn't get up there.
Thus.
The Jinyi guard played a positive role at first. Later, he became a tool to approach the villain's monopoly to exclude dissidents. Countless good ministers were persecuted, shaking the foundation of the Ming Dynasty. It can be said that the Jinyi guard
The existence catalyzed the rapid demise of the Ming Dynasty.