In November 1955, the Vietnam War broke out.
After more than 20 years, North Vietnam, supported by socialist camps such as China and the Soviet Union, finally defeated the capitalist empire led by the United States, and ended in The last batch of fighter jets carrying American soldiers left Saigon, Vietnam, on April 23, 1975.
On July 2 of the following year, Vietnam declared its reunification and named it the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
From April 1961, when U.S. President John F. Kennedy sent the first U.S. troops to formally join the Vietnam War, until the withdrawal of troops in 1975, the United States invested 650,000 troops in Vietnam.
And the 15-year-long foreign war, like the wolf-like American soldiers, made the unwritten comfort women rule extremely reasonable and normal in all cities involved in the vietnam war.
The U.S.-backed Republic of South Vietnam was defeated in a battle with North Vietnam, and the U.S. military, before inflicting more damage on itself, decisively chose Ming Zhe to protect itself and withdrew all troops stationed in the South Vietnamese sphere of influence.
At the first order, all the personnel returned to the United States, completely ignoring some soldiers who had lived in Vietnam for nearly decades, and had already formed families with local women.
Rapid withdrawal
As early as World War II, the struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union began vaguely.
After the decline of the old European countries such as Britain, France and Germany, the United States became the leading leader of the capitalist camp, whether from the consideration of global status or from the fundamental interests, the rapidly rising socialist countries of the Soviet Union and China have become the thorns in the eyes and flesh of the United States.
After China defeated the US military in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, it won a good international space for its own development, and the United States, which did not dare to confront China and the Soviet Union directly, cultivated military forces in various weak nation-states under the slogan of freedom, democracy, and human rights.
Vietnam, a former French colony in Southeast Asia and close to China, became a new target for the United States to instigate war.
After the formation of the Cold War, the United States not only actively supported Japan, but also paid great attention to the Southeast Asian peninsula.
The Vietnamese Independence League, led by Ho Chi Minh, the leader of the Communist Party of Vietnam, established the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, or North Vietnam, in Hanoi, actively moving closer to the socialist camp, while the Exiled Emperor of South Vietnam established a royalist regime with the support of the United States, France, and Britain.
After Kennedy came to power, the crackdown and vigilance against the "red regime" increased to an unprecedented level.
In the six months leading up to the outbreak of the Vietnam War, the United States sent more than three hundred military aid advisers to the Royalist Government of South Vietnam, and these officers in Vietnam and later the U.S. army played a great role in the Vietnam War.
From 1955 to 1975, the United States either cultivated the pro-American regime in South Vietnam and massacred the North Vietnamese Communists in the form of a back-up hand, or as a direct participant in the war, engaged in a war against the North Vietnamese army supported by China and the Soviet Union, and American bombers indiscriminately dropped bombs on natural gas storage depots and ammunition depots in North Vietnamese spheres of influence, causing more than millions of innocent deaths and injuries.
Whether the war is won or lost, it is a tragedy for the common people, and as the long, highly committed, and anti-humane Vietnam War has caused more and more public controversy in the United States, in 1967, there was an anti-war march in New York, usa, which was attended by more than 300,000 people, including the families of many American soldiers stationed in Vietnam.
At the end of January 1968, the North Vietnamese National Liberation Forces began a new round of the Chinese New Year Offensive, and in less than a month, it violently damaged nearly 60 U.S. military installations in South Vietnam, killing or seriously injuring more than 5,000 American soldiers.
In October of the same year, the U.S. authorities, which were caught between domestic and international attacks, announced that they would withdraw from Vietnam and would no longer participate in the war.
However, it was not until 1975, when the South Vietnamese regime had retreated and was powerless, that all U.S. troops were completely withdrawn.
Helicopter after helicopter carrying American soldiers who had lived in Vietnam for the past decade left this devastated colonial backward country without mercy and flew to a free, democratic, and modern motherland.
Fifty thousand orphans
From January to May 1975, the North Vietnamese government took the initiative to launch two major battles: the Battle of Chon Loc and the Battle of Ho Chi Minh, which directly conquered saigon, the center of the South Vietnamese regime, and at 7 p.m. on April 30, South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Sau announced his resignation in a televised speech, followed by North Vietnamese tanks marching into the presidential palace with great force.
After reunification, Vietnam finally got rid of the double attack of colonialism and imperialism and established a socialist republic belonging to the people.
Yet the scars of two decades of war have already permeated the lives of ordinary people.
After the Withdrawal of the United States, as many as 50,000 Mixed American-Vietnamese children were left behind, and all the families formed by the soldiers in the local area were forced to be torn apart.
All along, the United States has been the hegemon of the world, the White American soldiers do not look up to the backward and poor Vietnamese people, the South Vietnamese regime originally relied on the support of the United States to compete with the North Vietnamese, so the officers of the US military troops were treated higher than the Authorities of the South Vietnamese government, and the favor of ordinary white soldiers was regarded as a glory by local women.
The social morality in Southeast Asia is not as good as that of China, which was ravaged by the Japanese army, the concept of comfort women is not so strong, many soldiers who are accustomed to white girls, it is common to eat and drink, and because the Vietnam War lasted too long, these white officers who originally discriminated against the yellow people in Southeast Asia were accustomed to living here.
Some soldiers who had families in the United States could not return home because of the war, and the means of communication were very backward, which was equivalent to directly disconnecting from American life, so it was very natural to set up their second foreign family in Vietnam.
This is the longest-standing unit in Vietnam, and all the soldiers are tacitly aware of each other.
Although the United States supports South Vietnam, in fact, the vast majority of the teams that die on the front line are Vietnamese natives, and the US military accounts for a larger proportion of the air force and strategic command, that is, the department with a higher safety factor, so the US soldiers not only have high allowances, rich food rations, and their free time is far greater than the time on the battlefield.
Soon, one "red light district" after another around the various US military camps appeared.
Some clean and tidy places are backed by local regal organizations, but most of them are spontaneous.
The trade took the form of dollars, sausages and bread to make the girls happier, and many of the scattered women sitting on the side of the road would pack up and wait for a soldier to arrive.
So in such a situation where both sides were in need and willing, the first pair of American soldiers and Vietnamese women who officially lived together appeared.
In front of the two, the natives expressed their blessings and welcome, but behind their backs, they would still accuse the girl of selling her country and soul for food, choosing to paste foreign soldiers upside down.
As they stayed in Vietnam longer and longer, soldiers who were eager to return home felt that their future was uncertain, and occasionally one or two of the troops who were transferred were also sent to other Southeast Asian countries such as Cambodia and Laos, so it was better to enjoy the moment for the time being.
Soldiers who want to live a stable life will choose the young woman they like to marry, while some will live in a kaleidoscope of flowers and leaves.
With a high social status and less pressure to live, it seems to be more comfortable than life in China.
The war is simple, there is no labor, subsidies for eating and drinking, and a lot of free time is nothing but fun and reproduction.
When the United States first announced its evacuation in 1968, only a small number of soldiers who missed their homeland left, and most of those who had new families in the area chose to stay in Vietnam to continue their service.
In 1975, the order for all withdrawals reached various U.S. military camps, setting off an uproar.
Because they are soldiers, it is impossible to leave their American nationality and stay in Vietnam, everyone must return to Vietnam without discrimination, and the wives and children of those soldiers who stay in the local area do not have official documents to prove each other's legal identity, so the policymakers have not considered the problem of these people at all.
Vietnam's domestic economy has long been completely collapsed under the devastation of the war, the government can not even achieve the basic supply of disaster relief food, after the withdrawal of the US military left hundreds of thousands of single mothers, more than 50,000 mixed-race children, they not only have no source of livelihood, but also by the local people discriminated against, and even oppressed.
War trauma
When the U.S. military was there, how happy the lives of these families were, then after the U.S. military left, all the suffering was multiplied and revenge was superimposed on them.
Not only did locals discriminate against women who had close contact with whites and did not offer them suitable job opportunities, but their children were also subjected to all kinds of abuse and oppression.
Without marriage registration, these children have no access to education and basic health care, and all the mixed-race children can only play with the mixed-race children, which is regarded as a shameful existence by the locals.
Some of the more fortunate single mothers have received help from their original families, while the vast majority of women who have experienced comfort women can still only engage in the lowest level of low-level physical activities.
Many mixed-race children under the age of ten are trafficked to remote areas of Vietnam because their mothers are unable to support them, and the proportion of children who wander and starve to death on the road also accounts for the majority of mixed-race children.
Those Vietnamese women who originally thought that they would be able to eat and drink without worry and carefree with American soldiers did not expect to be treated like this overnight.
Some people with families in the United States certainly do not resist the order to return to The United States indiscriminately, but many young, responsible soldiers who are starting a family and becoming fathers for the first time hope to return home with their wives and children, so on the eve of the withdrawal of the US troops, many camp commanders received a joint letter asking them to return to the United States with their families.
Not to mention the huge number of these families, it will increase transportation costs by at least double, because Japan's comfort women's behavior has already caused great protests in the international community, the United States has been stationed in Southeast Asia for decades, and returned to China with these Vietnamese women and mixed-race children, is it not a disguised proof that the US military also has a comfort women phenomenon?
Therefore, no matter from any point of view, the authorities will not allow anything that is detrimental to the interests and image of the country.
These joint letters signed by thousands of soldiers are left as scrap paper in the abandoned camps of the US military, and once they set foot on the free and modern golden land of the United States, these poor and backward experiences will be washed away and forgotten by the material.
However, in fact, the domestic economy of the United States has become a period of rapid inflation due to the long-term consumption of the Vietnam War, and racial discrimination and human rights activities have intensified, and most of these soldiers who have returned to the homeland have received high discharge allowances, and then hired special lawyers in Washington, New York and other important cities to consult on the extradition of mixed-race children between the United States and Vietnam.
In addition to professional lawyers, the disputes in public opinion are also very fierce.
In post-war interviews in Vietnam, some cross-border organizations paid attention to the problem of mixed-race children in a miserable situation, and jointly published a number of fiercely worded communications in conjunction with domestic newspapers in the United States.
In order to appease public grievances, the U.S. government had to show its attitude and passed the U.S.-Asian Mixed-Race Civil Code in 1982 under the consultation of many parties.
The U.S.-Asian Mixed-Race Civil Law is not only aimed at Vietnamese mixed-race children, but also includes the descendants of Asian women in world war II, the U.S.-Japan War, the Korean War, and many other wars.
As long as a soldier with U.S. citizenship confirms that a mixed-race child is his own flesh and blood, after submitting the application, the child is allowed to immigrate to the United States and become a U.S. citizen.
After the law was introduced, international child welfare organizations and Vietnamese non-governmental charitable organizations mobilized, set up many temporary shelters, temporarily raised these children who were about to go to the United States, and contacted the United States to verify identity information and organize trips to the United States.
Although the law only allows children to travel to the United States and does not release these Asian women's permission to travel to the United States, this is already an excellent situation.
More and more mixed-race children have signed up for shelters, and some mothers who can afford to raise their children have also sent them here.
To this day, the United States is still the country with the highest immigration rate in the world, so under the social conditions at that time, it was the best choice for children and mothers to be able to get rid of the backward Vietnam and enjoy the modern system of high welfare in the United States.
Institutional loopholes
Some American soldiers who really want their children to come to their side have made great efforts to promote the introduction of laws and to get in touch with their flesh and blood, and even after solving the problem of their children, they still paid extremely high extradition fees and brought their Asian wives back to the United States.
Many American and Asian families that have experienced separation have either lost their children, or their mothers are overwhelmed and choose to end their lives, or their fathers are unable to bear the financial pressure and have to give up, and there are very few examples of families reuniting in the United States.
And some mixed-race children who passed the data review and arrived in the United States are not so good in life.
Although the material conditions have made great progress compared with those in Vietnam, these children are not at the same level as American children of the same age because of their low level of education, and the changes in the language environment have also brought great trouble.
So even when they come to the United States, they are isolated for various reasons, and they do not even have close communication with their American families.
But these children, at least, are treated sincerely by American fathers, and they have adapted to American life as they grow older.
Nowadays, all industries in the United States, including the film and television circles and the technology circle, can see the figure of excellent Mesoamorphs, while the remaining not so lucky mixed-race children are just from one hell to another.
Not all American soldiers wanted their second Vietnamese family to be known to their original wives at home.
So even if the extradition of mixed-race children is raging, these people are indifferent and silent, and many children living in temporary shelters in Vietnam have not received confirmation from the United States for a long time, even if they have registered the relevant information.
These unclaimed mixed-race children are either sent back to their hometowns by the same way or arranged by international organizations in children's welfare homes everywhere, and this is still not the most tragic situation, at least they will have somewhere to go, so that they will not live on the streets again.
The worst of all are innocent children who have been confirmed to have gone to the United States, but are used as tools for the exchange of money between adults.
Some unclaimed children are not really unclaimed, but after the identification information in the United States is sent, they have been intercepted in the hands of the staff and replaced by other Vietnamese children.
Most of these children who have replaced their identities are the descendants of high-ranking Vietnamese officials or rich people in order to obtain American citizenship and permanent residency.
Others, who have been identified and even reached the United States, have been abandoned in the middle of the road because of human trafficking or impersonation of people living illegally in the local area.
These children, abandoned in a foreign country and without a language barrier, have to live their entire lives on the streets of the United States, living a life that is worse and worse than in Vietnam, with no chance of turning around.
After issuing extradition invitations through international organizations, some American soldiers have not seen their children for a long time, so they rush to major institutions and newspapers in an attempt to expose the bad trade that exploits loopholes.
But human nature cannot withstand the test, the pen can not withstand the power of capital, and the people who ultimately suffer are still these poor children.
epilogue
War is always evil, the United States in the early days of the Vietnam War, enjoyed a short period of economic dividends, but in the end the American people will also be these dividends, in the form of soaring prices, declining welfare levels, domestic ethnic contradictions highlighted, and other forms, doubling out.
After this wrong war, the United States was seriously shaken by international competition with the Soviet Union and had to throw an olive branch to China.
These U.S.-Vietnamese hybrids are known as "Bedou" by native Vietnamese, which means "dust of life" in Vietnamese.
Not only are they discriminated against in their home countries, but they also have no legal identity guarantees, and even if their lives are improved later, psychological trauma will always accompany them for a lifetime, which is a memory that can never be erased on the material level.
Transferred from the First Battlefield Demolition Officer