In May 2004, the Banruo Temple in Changchun was being repaired and maintained, and during the construction process, several migrant workers had no intention of falling from the north wall of the backyard
An unnamed head was dug up
。
The skull was dug up from the temple, and the news soon spread wildly, and people in the streets of Changchun were talking about it.
Figure- Prajnaparamita Temple
At the same time, the Television Art Center of the Political Department of the Shenyang Military Region is preparing to shoot a large-scale documentary "Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition" with the theme of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army.
Jiang Baocai, the choreographer of the film crew, overheard the news, and his heart suddenly tightened.
Subconsciously, I thought that this head might be related to a person named Zhao Shangzhi
Jiang Baocai is a military writer who has long been committed to the theme of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance and is very familiar with the history of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance.
After many contacts, Jiang Maocai invited a number of experts and scholars in Heilongjiang to conduct a scientific identification of this nameless skull, and finally all kinds of evidence showed that
The owner of this skull was indeed Zhao Shangzhi
Zhao Shangzhi (1908-1942) was one of the founders and leaders of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army, and one of the earliest Communist Party members in northeast China.
The news exploded like a thunderbolt throughout the northeast. Many people looked at this skull and couldn't help but cry:
"62 years! General Zhao! After 62 years, I finally found you! ”
Who is Zhao Shangzhi? Why did his remains contain only one skull? Why is this skull buried in Prajnaparamita Temple?
The answer to all these puzzles must start from the "918 Incident".
Photo - Zhao Shangzhi's head burial ceremony
Southern Yang and Northern Zhao, jointly resisting Japan
When it comes to Zhao Shangzhi, there may be some people who are strangers, but when it comes to another person, Yang Jingyu, you may be very familiar with it.
Zhao Shangzhi and General Yang Jingyu are equally famous, in the history of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance,
The two are known as "Southern Yang and Northern Zhao"
, are full of enthusiasm for the Chinese nation to fight for the national heroes!
Picture - Yang Jingyu - National Hero of the Anti-Japanese War
Zhao Shangzhi was born in 1908 in Chaoyang County, Rehe Province (now Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province). Zhao Shangzhi's father was a Xiucai, who earned a living by teaching private schools in his hometown, although the economic conditions were not very good, but when he was a child, Zhao Shangzhi still received a relatively good education.
Later, Zhao Shangzhi suffered a family change, had to flee with his family, and was forced to go to society to earn a living at the age of 11.
The experience of suffering as a teenager made Zhao Shangzhi have a feeling of pity for the poor people in his heart. The poetry and articles he studied since childhood made him have a literati feeling of "helping the world and being alone" in his bones.
Readers have a proud bone, and they have a sense of responsibility to save the world. Zhao Shangzhi seems to be more precocious than his peers, and his sense of responsibility is also heavier.
Zhao Shangzhi is a veteran party member, in 1925, 17-year-old Zhao Shangzhi joined the Chinese Communist Party, political consciousness is very high.
In the winter of the same year, he entered the Whampoa Military Academy. The following year, the Zhongshan Ship Incident broke out, and Zhao Shangzhi returned to the northeast again to participate in revolutionary activities, but was hated by the Kuomintang reactionaries and was twice arrested and imprisoned.
Figure - Zhongshan ship
In 1931, the "918 Incident" broke out, and Zhao Shangzhi was rescued from prison and began to actively participate in the anti-Japanese salvation movement.
At the beginning of the following year, Zhao Shangzhi was appointed by the Manchurian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China as the secretary of the Military Commission of the Provincial Party Committee.
In the summer of the same year, the fall of Northeast China was further intensified, and Zhao Shangzhi was determined to set up an anti-Manchu anti-Japanese armed force and wage a tenacious struggle against Japanese imperialism. As a result, Zhao Shangzhi became one of the early founders and leaders of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army.
Friends who are familiar with this period of history know that the Northeast Anti-Japanese Resistance League is a heroic team, subordinate to the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
Figure - Overview of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army
Most of the fighters in the Northeast Anti-Japanese League were the old headquarters of the Northeast Army, the anti-Japanese guerrillas of the Communist Party of China, the peasant riot armed forces, the volunteer army, and so on, and their senior generals were all members of the Communist Party.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression from 1931 to 1945, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition played a very positive role, effectively containing the actions of 760,000 Japanese troops and winning more favorable opportunities for the operation of our main army.
In the 14 years of arduous struggle, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition eliminated a total of 180,000 Japanese puppet troops, gave the Japanese Kou a fierce fist, and greatly defeated the enemy's vigor.
The bravery and indomitable spirit of the fighters of the Northeast Anti-Fascist League have made indelible contributions to china's victory in the anti-fascist war.
The troops led by Zhao Shangzhi were a team that performed very well in the Northeast Anti-Japanese League
Figure - The First Guard Brigade of the First Route Army of the Anti-Japanese League (photographed in 1939)
In 1932, it was reorganized by Zhao Shangzhi
Bayan guerrillas, with an official name —
Jiangbei Independent Division of the Thirty-sixth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army
Zhao Shangzhi served as the director of the political department, and Zhang Jiazhou served as the division commander.
Under the leadership of Zhang and Zhao, the independent division went deep into the battlefield behind the enemy lines and engaged in fierce confrontation with the enemy in the form of guerrilla warfare.
This independent division once laid the foundation of Bayan County and the Kangjinjing Railway Station, had a western expedition, and swept through the Northern Wilderness. The Independent Division was famous at the time and dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese Kwantung Army. Chinese was relieved, and the Japanese were so angry that they called out "Eight Grid Tooth Road".
Picture - Famous Anti-Japanese Hero - Zhang Jiazhou
In May 1934, Zhao Shangzhi led an anti-Japanese guerrilla force and successfully captured Wuchang and Bayan, fiercely defeating the arrogance of the Japanese Kou.
In June 1934, the Zhuhe anti-Japanese guerrilla group was expanded
"Northeast Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Hadong Detachment"
Zhao Shangzhi was appointed commander-in-chief.
In 1936, Zhao Shangzhi served as the commander of the Third Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition and later the commander-in-chief of the Anti-Japanese Coalition Army, leading the soldiers to charge into the battlefield in the northeast, fighting with the enemy, and defending the territory of one side with blood and youth.
Zhao Shangzhi's heroic deeds also greatly encouraged the anti-Japanese enthusiasm of the people in northeast China.
Therefore, people in the northeast region have very deep feelings for Zhao Shangzhi, a heroic figure, and they have respect and admiration passed down from generation to generation.
Picture - Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army blows up Japanese trains
Small Manchukuo, big Zhao Shangzhi
Some people say that if these people in the bloody battlefield die on the battlefield, it will be a lifetime of glory, and he will be happy, and even more happy. Because he sacrificed for the great righteousness of the nation and gave his life for the light.
But if you die under the black gun of a traitor, at the hands of a villain, it will be a regret for a lifetime.
Zhao Shangzhi was like this, devoting his life to resisting Japan, and the guns and bullets on the battlefield failed to take his life, but he died under the black gun of the traitor, which made people sigh.
Picture - Portrait of General Zhao Shangzhi
Zhao Shangzhi is not very tall, and unlike those mighty and even some "fierce gods and evil spirits" we imagined, Zhao Shangzhi is more like a "weak scholar".
However, when this weak "little man" first formed the anti-Japanese armed forces, he only found seven like-minded and enthusiastic young people, relying on a machine gun, and in just three years, developed into a Third Army of the Anti-Japanese Coalition with more than 6,000 people.
His bravery and resourcefulness are evident from this.
Because of the bravery of the Northeast United Army and the courage of the enemy when fighting, the enemy was once very jealous. In particular, the three words of Zhao Shangzhi have become the "guardian spirit" of the people of northeast China, but they have also become the names of the enemy who hates them and grits their teeth.
Zhao Shangzhi's rapid growth and excellent combat ability made the people of the northeast take a reassuring pill, but it also made the Japanese Kou feel uneasy. For a long time, Rikou went to great lengths to inquire about Zhao Shangzhi's whereabouts and wanted to kill him.
Picture - Comic strip "Anti-League Hero Zhao Shangzhi"
According to Jiang Baocai's recollection, the most common topic in the newspapers of the Japanese puppet army at that time was "Zhao Shangzhi", and the degree of attention was very high. Also often used
"Little Manchukuo, big Zhao Shangzhi"
to describe.
Because Zhao Shangzhi's troops harassed the Japanese Kou the most severely, they made the Japanese Kou very big, so they were hated by the enemy, and even did not hesitate to use it
"One or two bones, one or two gold, one or two meats and one or two silver"
The high price, the reward for Zhao Shangzhi's head.
How could Zhao Shangzhi, who has rich anti-reconnaissance capabilities, easily fall into the hands of the enemy?
However, Zhao Shangzhi did not expect that the enemy who was beaten to death by himself secretly planned a shocking assassination.
Photo - Zhao Shangzhi - Zhao Shangzhi General Rong costume restoration statue
Tigers fall into a puzzle, traitors black guns
In 1942, a leather merchant named Liu Deshan suddenly came to Zhao Shangzhi's team.
At this time, Zhao Shangzhi was at the time of burning his eyebrows because of the activity funds. The appearance of Liu Deshan is like sending charcoal in the snow and saving the stars. Liu Deshan paid for it himself and helped Zhao Shangzhi solve his urgent needs.
After this incident, Zhao Shangzhi's good feelings for Liu Deshan doubled, and he had a little more trust in this "chivalrous man" in his heart.
The former residence of General Zhao Shangzhi
The coarse porcelain bowl used by General Zhao Shangzhi before his death was found by Li Min after searching for many parties
The northeast of February seemed to be colder than usual under the frenzied aggression of the Japanese Kou.
Zhao Shangzhi was worried at the moment, the troops had reached a time when they were stretched to the limit, and how to maintain military use, let this contingent continue to be active in the anti-Japanese battlefield, and win victory in the War of Resistance at an early date has become a top priority.
"General Zhao, if you want me to say, you will directly lead people to sneak into the Wutong River police station in Heli County, and then the matter of materials will be solved at once, and you can kill several enemies!"
Liu Deshan, who had once "fought for righteousness and neglected wealth," once again strongly suggested that Zhao Shangzhi attack the Wutonghe police station.
After many ideological struggles, Zhao Shangzhi has always been very hesitant, after all, some of this approach is too risky and some are too radical. But after Zhao Shangzhi thought about it again, there seemed to be no better way at the moment.
"Okay, I'll let you know and I'll act tonight."
In the early morning of the 12th, in the night of Luobei County, Heilongjiang Province, the cold wind roared in a low voice, which sounded very frightening. It seems to be conveying some kind of signal, which makes people's backs chill.
Zhao Shangzhi led several soldiers and quietly advanced in the direction of the Wutong River, waiting for an opportunity to sneak into the police station.
At the moment of nervousness, Liu Deshan suddenly proposed:
"Let's go to the house in the vegetable garden and warm up!" You go first, I'll untie my hands, and then I'll be there. ”
Zhao Shangzhi did not care too much, and continued to move forward, but did not want to be behind himself, and someone quietly raised his rifle.
"Bang!"
The bullet hit Zhao Shangzhi's abdomen, and the blood flowed immediately, and Zhao Shangzhi fell to the ground with no strength and saw Liu Deshan, who was holding up a rifle and aiming at himself.
At that moment, Zhao Shangzhi understood everything.
After all, he is a veteran who has been in the battlefield for a long time, and he can act quickly even in critical moments. Zhao Shangzhi raised his pistol and aimed it at Liu Deshan's head and abdomen, and Liu Deshan was killed on the spot.
Zhao Shangzhi also died under the traitor's black gun
It can be learned from the Japanese archives that the Japanese Kwantung Army officers Hisajiro Tai and Masao Higashijo secretly planned the assassination.
Zhao Shangzhi's body was dismembered after being controlled by the Japanese side, and the body was thrown into the Songhua River, and the head was loaded with a special wooden box, which was taken all the way from Jiamusi to Changchun.
After that, Zhao Shangzhi's head seemed to be missing.
-Hisajiro Tai
Searching for the remains of martyrs
After Zhao Shangzhi's sacrifice, there was an uproar in the northeast, and the sound of mourning was incessant. But what is even more heart-wrenching is the inability to find Zhao Shangzhi's body.
After all, Chinese believes in his bones that only by burying the remains in the soil can the heroic souls of the martyrs return to their hometown.
In October 1945, after the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Zhou Baozhong, then secretary of the Military Commission of the Manchurian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, came to Changchun and made a special trip to find Marshal Malinowski, the commander-in-chief of the Soviet Army, hoping to assist him and find the remains of Zhao Shangzhi and Yang Jingyu as soon as possible.
Figure - Zhou Baozhong
According to relevant historical records, General Andreyev, chief of staff of the Soviet army in Changchun, attached great importance to this matter and sent 5 Soviet detachments to search several times in the Changchun puppet imperial palace and the "Eight Great Places" that were once occupied by The Japanese and Puppets, but they never got the news that everyone wanted.
Later, because Changchun was taken over by the Kuomintang army, the northeast bureau's work of searching for the remains had to be shelved.
In April 1946, Changchun ushered in the liberation, and the search for Zhao Shangzhi's remains was once again put on the agenda.
However, after several carpet searches of key areas, especially the military hospitals of the Japanese Kwantung Army and the medical rooms of the enemy and puppet prisons, the results showed:
Zhao Shangzhi's remains were like being hidden together, never seen
Until the founding of the People's Republic of China, the party history research departments and cultural relics management units in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces still did not give up searching for Zhao Shangzhi's remains.
But no one knows what kind of treatment zhao Shangzhi's head was carried out by the Japanese and puppet Kwantung Army after he went from Jiamusi to Changchun, and where it was hidden.
The remains of the martyr Zhao Shangzhi have become a mystery in people's hearts!
Photo - One of Zhao Shangzhi's murderers, Dongcheng Masao, in front of the award certificate with Zhao Shangzhi's head printed on it
The fate of Prajnaparamita Temple
In 1987, the search for the remains of martyr Zhao Shangzhi suddenly ushered in a turning point.
Yamazaki made a special trip from Tokyo, Japan, to Jiamusi, a Japanese female scholar who was very friendly to China, and also brought new clues to the search for the martyr Zhao Shangzhi.
According to Yamazaki Edoko, after Zhao Shangzhi's head was sent to Changchun at that time, there was decay because the Kwantung Army did not carry out timely anti-embalming treatment.
The Kwantung Army had originally planned to burn it on the spot, but the abbot of The Panjoji Temple, Master Shōkai, came to the presence of Yoshijiro Umezu, commander-in-chief of the Japanese Kwantung Army.
When master heard that the Kwantung Army was going to burn Zhao Shangzhi's head, he approached Umezu Mijiro and proposed that he wanted to bury it in Banjo-ji Temple.
This monk was very famous in the new capital of puppet Manchuria, and Umezu Mijiro was also a deep Believer in Buddhism and had great respect for master. Master Kushi's proposal was approved by Umezu Mijiro as an exception.
All the evidence points to the fact that it is now all towards Prajnaparamita Temple, but where is the head? This has become another puzzle.
Tu-Shu Xuan (1875-1963), commonly known as Wang, was a recent descendant of the Tendai Sect of Buddhism and one of the famous masters in contemporary Chinese Buddhist circles.
It was not until early June 2004 that Jiang Baocai, a film crew member of the Television Art Center of the Political Department of the Shenyang Military Region, inadvertently heard a message while filming "Northeast Anti-Japanese League":
During the internal construction and repairs of The Temple, an unnamed head was found
This news made Jiang Baocai very shocked and very happy, he vaguely felt that this nameless head was most likely the remains of Zhao Shangzhi that everyone had been searching for for 62 years!
But speculation cannot be true after all, and everything depends on evidence.
On June 18, a number of scholars and experts in Heilongjiang identified the nameless skull and left this appraisal conclusion:
"Judging from the characteristics of the skull, this skull is male and the age of death is between 28 and 40 years old. From the comprehensive characteristics of skull color, petrification, degree of weathering and so on, its death and burial time are estimated to be decades old. There were hard injuries to the lower part of the left orbit and the medial side of the left cheekbone, which were caused by the deceased's injuries before death and self-repair after several years. There is also a nearly circular mark of several millimeters in diameter under the left eye and on the left side of the nasal bone, which may also be caused by pre-life injuries. (Excerpt from China National Defense Daily)
The appraisal conclusions are exactly the same as what happened to Zhao Shangzhi before his sacrifice, and they are also completely consistent with the relevant historical materials. In order to ensure that the identification is correct, the experts once again analyzed the skull shape and restored it with the help of advanced science and technology.
"This, this is my brother!"
After seeing the restored image, Zhao Shangzhi's sister shouted out, and tears flowed down.
Tu - Jiang Baocai handed over zhao Shangzhi's skull to Zhao Shangwen, the sister of the martyr Zhao Shangzhi
In September of that year, the Political Department of the Shenyang Military Region officially sent a letter to the Civil Affairs Department of Heilongjiang Province, asking Heilongjiang Province to coordinate with the relevant state departments and once again conduct a scientific and authoritative appraisal of the skull.
This time, the results still show,
It is very likely that the head is the remains of the martyr Zhao Shangzhi!
At this point, everyone was crying. The remains of the martyrs who have been searching for 62 years are finally back in people's vision!
But then, everyone was worried again. General Zhao Shangzhi has a high reputation in the northeast, and now the remains have been found, and all walks of life in the northeast are actively fighting for the qualification of burying the head.
Some people believe that Zhao Shangzhi's body was sunk into the Songhua River, so the head should be buried on the Sun Island in Harbin, and the martyr should be allowed to have a "whole corpse".
Some people also say that in the past 62 years, the martyrs have been buried in the Banruo Temple in Changchun, and now that they have been re-excavated, they should continue to be buried in Changchun.
Moreover, Tonghua City has Yang Jingyu's cemetery, and "Southern Yang and Northern Zhao" were good comrades-in-arms of Rong Ma all their lives before they died, and they should also be together after death to achieve "meeting the master" again.
Some people also say that Chaoyang, Liaoning is Zhao Shangzhi's hometown, and burial in his hometown is the Chinese the traditional sense of "falling leaves back to the roots".
In short, all localities do not give in to each other, and they are eager to let this great hero in their hearts be buried in this province.
Picture - Martyrs' Cemetery
General Zhao Shangzhi was born in Liaoning, fought in Heilongjiang, and buried his head in Jilin after his death. The spring and autumn of the white mountains and black waters in the northeast are full of the glorious life of General Zhao. No matter where you are buried, it is the home of the hero.
It was not until October 25, 2008, on the 100th anniversary of the birth of General Zhao Shangzhi, that his skull was finally buried in his hometown Zhao Shangzhi Martyrs Cemetery.
Photo - Jiang Baocai paid homage to General Zhao Shangzhi at the place where he was killed
This hero who was only 34 years old at the time of his sacrifice, who had paid for the revolution all his life and gave up his children's love, finally returned to his hometown, and people could also let go of a concern in their hearts.
May the peace and prosperity of this world be as you wished!