Black water and white mountains, forcibly occupied by the murderous Japanese. I am an innocent Chinese boy, devastated. Blood stained mountains and rivers of corpses everywhere, poor and displaced from the sky. I want to see no more in the manor of my homeland, and I cry tears; I fight for freedom, vow to resist the war, serve the horse, and return the body. Looking at the battlefield of fighting, the military is prominent, the ice and snow are ambitious, and the frost night is miserable and the rain is brave. Wait for the restoration of the Northeast Triumph Day, comfort Xuanyuan.
This is a generous song written by General Zhao Shangzhi in 1936, after the September 18 Incident, General Zhao Shangzhi galloped behind enemy lines for eleven years, making great achievements for national liberation and national independence.
Zhao Shangzhi was born on October 26, 1908 in a peasant family in Chaoyang County, Rehe Province, his father Zhao Zifu was a Xiucai in the last years of the Qing Dynasty, in 1917, Zhao Zifu was wanted by officers and soldiers for killing several officers and soldiers who robbed ordinary people and raped women, and had to leave his hometown and take his family to Harbin to hide.
In 1925, Zhao Shangzhi was admitted to Harbin Xugong Middle School, during which he read some progressive books and periodicals, his ideological consciousness was greatly improved, and he soon became the backbone of the student movement, and soon after, 17-year-old Zhao Shangzhi joined the Communist Party of China. Later, with the approval of the Underground Party in Northern Manchuria, he rushed to Guangzhou to apply for the Whampoa Military Academy, became the fourth batch of cadets of the Whampoa Military Academy, and received strict military and political education.
In the summer of 1926, Zhao Shangzhi returned to Harbin to lead the student movement and the workers' movement. In November 1926, Zhao Shangzhi took advantage of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to establish the Jilin Provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang together with the Kuomintang, and served as a standing committee member and minister of youth. Soon after, Zhao Shangzhi's activities were discovered and informed by the Japanese secret service, and he was imprisoned in Changchun No. 1 Prison by the warlords of the Feng clan, and then escorted to Nanjing. However, he strictly guarded the party's secrets and did not reveal his true identity, so he was quickly released. In April 1931, Zhao Shangzhi was arrested for the second time, but after the September 18 Incident, he was rescued by the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee.
After the September 18 Incident, Zhao Shangzhi vowed to establish an anti-Japanese armed force in Northern Manchuria to directly resist the aggression of Japanese imperialism through armed struggle. At first, Zhang Shangzhi's team consisted of only one machine gun and 7 people, but with the joint efforts of him and his comrades-in-arms, the anti-Japanese armed forces gradually developed and grew. In November 1932, Zhao Shangzhi became the director of the Political Department of the Jiangbei Independent Division of the 36th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
The Japanese Kwantung Army and the puppet Manchukuo armies were very powerful, and after the establishment of the troops, they were hit hard by the enemy army one after another, with heavy losses and scattered troops. In mid-January 1933, Zhao Shangzhi stood out in a battle, but was misunderstood by his superiors, and the mistakes in the tasks of the superiors who did not understand the actual situation were all caused by Zhao Shangzhi, and he was expelled from the party. However, Zhao Shangzhi did not sink, and after continuing to engage in anti-Japanese work, he was soon appointed chairman of the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee Trade Union.
In May 1934, the anti-Japanese armed forces led by Zhao Shangzhi inflicted heavy damage on the Japanese army one after another, and the Japanese army hated him to the bone and offered a reward of 10,000 yuan to arrest him. In 1935, Zhao Shangzhi regained his party membership and was appointed commander of the Third Army and the first division of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army, at the age of 26.
In 1936, Zhao Shangzhi established the Provisional Government of the Northeast People's Anti-Japanese Coalition Army, which was opposed to the puppet manchukuo supported by the Japanese, which greatly stimulated the anti-Japanese enthusiasm of the people in the northeast. After Xie Wendong, commander of the Northeast People's Salvation Army, and Li Huatang, detachment of the Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Army, defected to the Third Army, Zhao Shangzhi set up the Northeast Anti-Japanese Democratic United Army, serving as the commander of the Third Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Democratic Coalition Army, with a force of more than 6,000 troops in 10 divisions, and was active in more than 20 counties on the north bank of the Songhua River, constantly attacking the Japanese puppet army and making the enemy feel frightened.
In January 1937, Zhao Shangzhi led an expedition to kill more than 400 Japanese puppet troops in Tongbei County and capture a large number of booty. After that, he led his troops to chase the north, from the lower reaches of the Songhua River to the bank of the Heilongjiang River, traversing thousands of miles, fighting hundreds of battles, killing more than 1,000 enemy prisoners and capturing more than 20 towns. However, the Anti-Japanese League also suffered heavy losses in the battle with the Japanese army, and in the case of a long-term shortage of food, the officers and men of the army had to rely on killing war horses, and in 1936 alone, they ate more than 1500 war horses.
After the all-out War of Resistance in 1937, the Japanese army began to increase its troops to the northeast, Stalin was worried that the Japanese army would attack the Soviet Union, so he let the Soviet Red Army Far East Front contact the Northeast Anti-Japanese Democratic Coalition Army active in the northeast, but in 1938, when Zhao Shangzhi and the representatives of the Anti-Japanese League came to the Soviet Union, they were affected by the Soviet purge and were imprisoned in Soviet prisons for a year.
In 1939, after the internal situation of the Soviet army was stabilized, representatives of the Soviet Far East Intelligence Department went to the prison to find Zhao Shangzhi, saying that everything that had happened in the past was a misunderstanding, and promised to give some assistance to the Anti-Japanese League, and to help the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition to carry out anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare from all aspects, and at the same time asked the Anti-Japanese League and the Soviet Union to establish an intelligence-sharing relationship. After two days of consideration, Zhao Shangzhi agreed to the Soviet request, after which the Soviet Union provided Zhao Shangzhi's troops with a full set of Japanese military uniforms and weapons, as well as radio stations for contact between the two sides.
After Zhao Shangzhi returned to the northeast, he immediately fought a battle at the Uraga Gold Mine, where six recalcitrant Japanese troops were killed, more than 20 puppet troops surrendered, and a large amount of flour, gold, weapons and other trophies were captured. When the coal miners knew that Zhao Shangzhi had returned, they signed up to participate in the Anti-Japanese Coalition, and the team expanded to 150 people in a few days.
When the Japanese Kwantung Army learned of Zhao Shangzhi's return to Northern Manchuria, it was very nervous and immediately ordered the Japanese puppet military and police special departments in the Heilongjiang area to enter a state of emergency, and the enemy exclaimed, "Little Manchukuo, big Zhao Shangzhi." The Japanese Kwantung Army even offered a heavy reward: "Whoever catches Zhao Shangzhi, one or two bones and one or two gold, one or two skins and one or two silver." ”
The Japanese army also successfully infiltrated a Han River agent, Liu Deshan, into Zhao Shangzhi's ranks, who was very cunning and quickly deceived Zhang Shangzhi's trust. Later, the director of the Xingshan Police Department, Hisajiro Takai, and the director of the Special Affairs Department sent a secret agent named Zhang Qingyu into the mountain, and under the introduction of Liu Desheng, this person also entered Zhao Shangzhi's troops.
In the early morning of February 12, 1942, Liu Deshan and Zhang Qingyu lured Zhao Shangzhi to attack a japanese pseudo-police station, and Zhao Shangzhi was in urgent need of weapons to expand the team, so he listened to the words of the two and decided to take a risk. After Zhao Shangzhi led the troops up, Zhang Qingyu immediately broke away from the team and told the Japanese police that Zhao Shangzhi saw that the situation was not good, and immediately organized the troops to retreat, at this time Liu Deshan shot from behind, wounding Zhao Shangzhi's abdomen, Zhao Shangzhi took out a pistol and killed the traitor Liu Deshan, and then fainted due to his injuries.
After Zhao Shangzhi was captured, the Japanese puppet army immediately interrogated him, and Zhao Shangzhi denounced the Japanese army and traitors in front of him, and was beaten by the Japanese puppet army. Eight hours after being captured, Zhao Shangzhi shed his last drop of blood, dying at the age of 34, and the Japanese did not get a single useful word from his mouth.
After Zhao Shangzhi's sacrifice, the cruel Japanese invaders cut off his head, put it in a wooden box, and sent it to the pseudo-Sanjiang Provincial Police Department overnight, and Zhao Shangzhi's body was thrown to the Songhua River, and soon, Zhao Shangzhi's head was sent to the Changchun Puppet Manchu Military and Political Department, where the head of another famous anti-Japanese general, General Yang Jingyu, was displayed together. However, shortly after Zhao Shangzhi's head was sent to Changchun, because it was not embalmed, it was already oozing blood three days later.
In order to destroy the corpse, the Japanese decided to burn the head of General Zhao Shangzhi, which was then the puppet state of Manchukuo
After Yan Xuan, the abbot of the National Temple, Ban Ruo Temple, learned of it, he repeatedly requested that Zhao Shangzhi's head be handed over to him, and finally got the consent of the Japanese, Yan Xuan buried the head of General Zhao Shangzhi in the Ban Ruo Temple, but due to the premature death of Yan Xuan, the head of General Zhao Shangzhi was buried in which place, no one knows.
May 2004,
Changchun Banruo Temple
While repairing the temple walls, a worker once exhumed a man's skull. At this time
Jiang Baocai, television art director of the Political Department of the Shenyang Military Region, also happened to be at The Banruo Temple, and he knew more about this matter, and immediately notified the relevant departments to identify the skull. A few days later, the veteran soldiers of the Anti-Japanese League and two nephews of Zhao Shangzhi came to the temple and wrapped the head of General Zhao Shangzhi and took it away and sent it to the relevant departments for technical identification.
The identification results showed that this skull was indeed that of General Zhao Shangzhi. The Shenyang Military Region attached great importance to this matter and sent someone to send the skull to the Ministry of Public Security
The appraisal center conducted the appraisal, and the appraisal results once again showed that the skull belonged to General Zhao Shangzhi.
Seeing the authoritative appraisal results of the Ministry of Public Security, Zhao Shangzhi's relatives cried, the veteran soldiers of the Anti-Japanese League cried, all the personnel present cried, and our hero was found!
On October 25, 2008, the skull of the anti-Japanese hero Zhao Shangzhi was buried in the "Zhao Shangzhi Martyrs Cemetery" in chaoyang city, Liaoning Province, the martyr's hometown. The souls of the martyrs have finally returned home!