In the fifth year of Emperor Taizong's reign (994 AD), Li Shun, the leader of the peasant rebel army, established the "Great Shu State" in Chengdu as emperor, with the era name "Ying Yun".
For the arrival of this day, Li Shun made preparations for public opinion in advance, let's just say one thing.
In the third year of the Song Dynasty (965 CE), Zhao Kuangyin destroyed Hou Shu, and the later lords Meng Chang (chang) and the crown prince Meng Xuanzhe surrendered and were escorted to Kaifeng. Li Shunli used this incident to send people around to say that his mother was Meng Chang's concubine at that time, and because she was pregnant, she was secretly sent out of Chengdu by Meng Chang, so that she would leave a post for the old Meng family and would not be served by Zhao Kuangyin.
And he was this child, that is, he was Meng Chang's son. In order not to be discovered, so I did not dare to surname Meng, and now it is time to restore my father Jiangshan, so I will not be called Li Shun, and I will change my name to Meng Shun.
In this way, it sounds more convincing, my father is the emperor of the Shu kingdom, and it is reasonable for me to inherit the throne.
Ancient peasant uprisings, it seems that there are always some words to say, such as there are notes in the belly of the fish, the ground can dig out the big stone slabs with words engraved, the foxes say what people say in the middle of the night, in fact, not only the peasant uprising, the emperor also has this whole set, such as a birth, red light, six months can walk, one year old to export into a chapter, otherwise there are warlocks who say that there is an emperor and so on.
For example, Zhao Kuangyin and his old wife Bian Dan carried Zhao Kuangyin and Zhao Guangyi's children to flee one after the other, and some Taoist priests said that this old lady was powerful, carrying the two emperors on one shoulder.
This kind of rhetoric, we laughed at it, don't take it seriously.
But in this way, it seems that the legitimacy of the throne is a guarantee. Solving the problem of the legitimacy of the throne, the next is the problem of the team, the establishment of six ministries and other functional departments, and then the issuance of currency, divided into two kinds, copper is called "Ying Yun YuanBao", iron is called "Ying Yun Tong Bao".
At this time, Li Shun's name was Meng Shun, but I think it was still called Li Shun, who had already occupied most of the prefectures and counties in Sichuan, and the rebel army led by him, with Chengdu as the center of the circle, attacked everywhere and continuously expanded its sphere of influence.
Dear officials, you may have to ask, the Song Dynasty was founded in 960 AD, occupied Sichuan in 965, and now it has been thirty years, and It has been more than ten years since Emperor Taizong of Song succeeded zhao Guangyi, so why did he allow Li Shun to make trouble here?
How is that possible? Since Emperor Taizong of Song took over Zhao Guangyi, his brother's famous saying has been echoing in his ears, and you have to ask again, which famous saying is it? You must have heard this sentence, that is: "Lying next to the bed, will you allow others to sleep soundly?" ”
So why didn't he send troops to requisition? Two reasons.
One is that at first he did not pay attention to Li Shun and his former leader Wang Xiaobo. Because since the second year of Song Taizong's Chunhua (991 AD), the Sichuan peasant revolt has not stopped, pressing the gourd to float the scoop, but the scale is not large, the peasants carrying hoes, dealing with temporary workers who maintain the appearance of the city have no problem, and dealing with the regular army of the government, it is not a level at all.
Unexpectedly, Li Shun could gather hundreds of thousands of people and occupy most of Sichuan.
Second, it wasn't just Li Shun who slept soundly next to his bed, there were other people, and this person not only slept soundly next to his bed, but also snored and snored. This person was Li Jiqian of Western Xia, and in the eyes of Zhao Guangyi, Emperor Taizong of Song, this talent was the real opponent, the thorn in the eye (Li Jiqian's strength was quite strong at that time).
Therefore, he had pulled all the most elite troops to the northwest front to deal with Li Jiqian, and it would be very unwise if he divided his troops to open up a second battlefield in the southwest Shu region, fighting on two fronts and restraining each other.
Emperor Taizong of Song's original intention was to concentrate his superior forces to completely annihilate Li Jiqian and free up his hands to take li Shun again. Unexpectedly, Li Shun had founded the country after more than a year, but the battle between the northwest and Li Jiqian was also a battle of losing more and winning less, and the two-front battle could not be avoided.
Let's go back to Li Shun and his predecessor Wang Xiaobo.
Didn't we say earlier that since the second year of Emperor Taizong of Song's Chunhua (991 AD), the Peasant Revolt in Sichuan has not stopped. This is because after the Great Song Dynasty destroyed Later Shu, the tax policy on Shu land was relatively harsh, far higher than in other regions, and many agricultural products and textiles could only be sold to the government, not privately.
In this way, in the Shu land of the kingdom of Heavenly Palace, the people will have a very difficult life, and the reason for the continuous peasant uprisings is here, since your government will not let me live, it is better to fight, maybe I can fight a way out!
So you see, the general peasant uprisings occur in a dynasty for a long time, when it begins to decline, and there are not many large-scale peasant uprisings in the first thirty years of the establishment of a dynasty. It is conceivable that at that time, the government forced the people of Shudi to look like.
Wang Xiaobo also rose up later, and he put forward a slogan - "all rich and poor".
"History of Song": "My illness is uneven between rich and poor, and now I am Ru Junzhi." "What do you mean?" He said: I hate the inequality of rich and poor, and today I will average it for you!
How many people do you guess he answered his call?
"History of the Song Dynasty": "When the two Shu were starving, between the ten days and the end of the day, tens of thousands of people returned to it." ”
What do you mean? It is said that at that time, there was a famine in Shudi, it should be a disaster year, the harvest is small, the taxes are large, everyone is hungry, "ten days", ten days, ten days, Wang Xiaobo gathered around tens of thousands of people.
Wang Xiaobo did not come rashly, opening the granaries of the rich families, first setting aside the grain that the large families wanted to eat, and then distributing the rest to the hungry victims. Discipline is strict, and no one is allowed to rob indiscriminately.
"History of Song": "Shun xi summoned the rich people in the township to have a surname." Order all the wealth of his family, according to his raw teeth, except for sufficient use, everything is transferred, and great relief is poor. Recruit materials and save good. The orders are strict and do not commit any crimes. ”
Later, Wang Xiaobo was killed by an arrow in the forehead in a battle, and Li Shun, Wang Xiaobo's brother-in-law, took over the banner and continued to lead the peasant rebel army to attack the city, and finally established the "Great Shu State" in Chengdu.
However, as far as we are concerned, the peasant army is a peasant army, and it lacks the overall vision of the military generals who have been on the battlefield for a long time, and Li Shun's failure is also because of this reason.
Jianmen Pass is the main traffic route from the Central Plains to Shudi, not to mention a thousand years ago, that is, now, from Shaanxi to Sichuan, even if it is a highway, it must also pass through Jianmen Pass.
Li Shun actually didn't want to occupy the throat of the Sword Gate. When Emperor Taizong of Song sent a large army to recruit Li Shun, the first thing he thought about was how to capture the Sword Gate Pass at a smaller cost. Unexpectedly, the sword gate was still in the hands of Song Jun, Zhao Guangyi got this news, he was happy, happiness came too suddenly, almost did not faint, from that moment on, then did not put Li Shun in his eyes.
Emperor Taizong of Song sent Zhao Guangyi to recruit Li Shun as the commander of a large army, a eunuch named Wang Ji'en. However, he was not an ordinary eunuch, in the "Axe Sound candle shadow" incident, Wang Ji'en played an important role, and then won the trust of Zhao Guangyi, leading the army for many years.
In addition, he also appointed Zhao Changyan to deploy both Sichuan and Shaanxi roads, and also led the army to March into Sichuan, and as a result, when he saw this situation, he told Zhao Changyan that you don't need to enter Sichuan, just camp in Fengxiang, Shaanxi. Of course, there is also an important reason, that is, some people say that he has a reverse face, and the emperor does not trust him, and this issue has the opportunity to be discussed alone.
At this time, Li Shun suddenly discovered the importance of the sword gate pass, and quickly sent thousands of people to take the sword gate pass. You may have to ask, just a few thousand people to go? Aren't there fewer people? I can tell you very responsibly that if there is no accident, there are thousands of people, which is really quite a lot.
Because the Song army was stationed at the Sword Gate Pass, there were only a few hundred people.
With ten times the strength of the troops, can you still not take down the sword gate? If nothing else, it's easy and enjoyable, but it's an accident. When this force reached Jianmen Pass, it found that there were thousands of Song troops in Jianmen Pass. What's going on here? Where did the reinforcements come from?
It was really not the arrival of reinforcements, this was the rout army that fled here after being scattered by Li Shun's troops. Li Shun's troops fought too smoothly in the siege of Sichuan, and there were defeated Song troops fleeing in various places, three or two, a dozen, one or two hundred, or even thousands of people. Of course, it is time to return to the Central Plains, and the Sword Gate Pass is the only way to go.
So the sword gate guard will gather these scattered soldiers at the sword gate pass, he understands the importance of the sword gate pass, and has always been anxious about the lack of soldiers in his hands, every time he gathers a soldier, his confidence is enough, after a period of time, he actually gathered thousands of people, and then it is the interests of these soldiers, and everyone has revived morale.
Li Shun's troops were met with a head-on blow at Jianmen Pass, and only three hundred fled back to Chengdu, all wounded. After holding the Sword Gate Pass, it was easier for Wang Ji'en's large army to march into Sichuan. Again, the peasant rebel army and the regular armed forces fought against each other, the victory was not large, and it did not take long for Chengdu to fall by the Song army, and the peasant uprising led by Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun was completely suppressed and ended in failure.
What about Li Shun, who has just been emperor for a few days? There are several theories.
One says that in the defense of Chengdu, he took the lead and died in battle. As a military general, it is also an honor to die on the battlefield.
One says captured. "History of Song": "Xichuan xing camp broke 100,000 thieves, beheaded 30,000 ranks, restored Chengdu, and obtained the thief Li Shun." Then he said: "Eight members of the Li Shun Party in Fengxiang City." "磔" zhe, car crack, Ling Chi means, a more cruel kind of torture.
However, some people have different views. Some people say that according to Zhao Guangyi's consistent practice, "the first evil must be done," and since Li Shun was arrested, he was escorted to kaifeng in the capital city, and a public trial meeting was held to be held before killing him.
Some people also say that if they do not need to be escorted to Kaifeng, then they will be killed directly in public in Chengdu, how good, and they can also warn the people of Sichuan, why should they cross the mountains and mountains and be escorted to Fengxiang, Shaanxi, before being killed?
It is also said that the day before Li Shun was captured in Chengdu, he sent people and the Song army that besieged the city to say that there were many monks in the city, afraid that the war would hurt them, and wanted to let them out of the city, and the Song army agreed, And Li Shun shaved his head, put on his monk's clothes, and fled among the monks.
Some people also disagree with this statement, saying that after The fall of Chengdu, Li Shun had a general named Zhang Yu under him, who gathered the remnants of the peasant rebel army and continued to fight, Zhang Yu's troops still received the support of the vast number of people in Sichuan, the number reached more than 100,000 at the most, the Song army carried out a crazy and cruel suppression of the rebel army, and those who could be killed never left alive, just like that, it took another ten months to annihilate all of Zhang Yu's troops, and since Li Shun escaped, then why did he not appear in Zhang Yu's troops?
It is also said that when the Song army did not besiege Chengdu, Li Shun took a few people with him, and later lived in Guangzhou until thirty years later.
Throughout thousands of years of history, the success rate of peasant uprisings is very low, and it is almost normal to be suppressed by the government. So why are there constant peasant uprisings? The analysis articles of various kinds of experts have millions of words, we are shallow in learning, we will not make a long speech, I want to say, it is very simple, where there is oppression, where there is resistance, the people are exploited to no end, and if they do not fight, what should they do? What is forced to liangshan?
There is a kind of water bird called cormorant, good at diving fishing, fishermen domesticated cormorants after putting an iron ring on the cormorant's neck, so that slightly larger fish, can not swallow, spit on the fishermen's fishing boat, fishermen will get fish, small fish and shrimp, can pass the iron ring, cormorant can swallow to eat into the stomach, some fishermen make the iron ring a small number, so that you can get more fish, other fishermen see, just do a smaller iron ring sleeve cormorant neck, the result ...
References: History of the Song Dynasty, etc