On the night of qixi in the third year of the Taiping Revival of the Northern Song Dynasty (978 AD), Li Yu, the lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty, composed the poem "When is the Spring Flower and Autumn Moon of Yu Meiren", which was the last word he filled in in his life and his "hypnotic charm".
According to legend, because the sentences in this poem, such as "Xiaolou had another east wind last night" and "a river of spring water flowing eastward", completely angered Emperor Taizong of Song and Zhao Guangyi. So Emperor Taizong of Song gave him the "lead medicine" and poisoned Li Yu to death.
"When is the Autumn Moon of Yu Meiren Spring Flowers" appreciation
"When is the Spring Flower and Autumn Moon of Yu Meiren" - Nan Tang Li Yu
When is the spring flower and autumn moon, and how much do you know about the past? Xiao Lou had another east wind last night, and the homeland could not look back at the moon!
The carved fence jade should still be there, but Zhu Yan changed. How much sorrow can you have? It is like a river of spring water flowing eastward.
The meaning of this song is concise and clear, and it is also a must-memorize part of the textbook, so it will not be translated again. In this poem, there are "three questions":
I asked, when will my painful memories of the "spring flowers and autumn moon" of my homeland end?
Second question, what did the Fengge Dragon Tower in the old Southern Tang Dynasty and the prosperous three thousand miles of rivers and mountains become after the mountains and rivers changed owners?
Three questions, what is the extent to which a person's sorrow can be reached?
In the third question, Li Yu directly expressed his emotional state of "a river of spring water flowing eastward" to the fall of the Southern Tang Dynasty and "sorrow as deep as the sea".
Ordinary people usually think that this poem can best express Li Yu's nostalgia for his homeland, when the sentence "carved fence jade should still be there". Because here it is clear that by nostalgia for the palace of the homeland, it is clear that the nostalgia for the old regime of the Southern Tang Dynasty is expressed.
However, according to relevant historical records, Li Yu was poisoned by Emperor Taizong of Song, not only because of this first word. Even the part that deals with this poem has nothing to do with the sentence "Carved columns and jade should still be there".
On the contrary, "Xiao Lou had another east wind last night" and "a river of spring wind flowing eastward" that harmed Li Yu's life. According to research, the first wild history work to link Li Yu's death to "When is the Spring Flower and Autumn Moon of Yu Meiren" was Wang Cheng's "Memoirs" of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Wang Yu mentioned in the "Memoirs" that once the Song Tai Sect sent Xu Xian, a subordinate of the Southern Tang Dynasty, to test Li Yu to see if he had the intention of restoring the country. Xu Xuan arrived at Li Yu's residence, and as soon as the simple Li Yu met him, he hugged him and cried, saying: Regret should not kill Pan You and Li Ping's second general.
Xu Xuan went back to meet Song Taizong and tell the truth, and later Song Taizong listened to Li Yu's "When is the Spring Flower and Autumn Moon of Yu Meiren", "And then spread the phrase 'Xiaolou had the east wind last night', and 'a river of spring water flowed east', and sat down, and was cursed." ”
Originally, Li Yu was imprisoned in the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, Fenjing, after surrendering, but the war between the Northern Song and the Southern Tang was not completely over. Because in the Jiangzhou area, there have always been the old departments of the Southern Tang Dynasty resisting.
"When is the Autumn Moon of Yu Meiren Spring Flowers" in "Xiaolou last night and the east wind", which implies that the spring flowers bloom again. When Song Taizong saw such words, he naturally thought that Li Yu might have heard the news that the old department of the Southern Tang Dynasty was still resisting.
Li Yu first said to Xu Xuan, "I regret not killing Pan You and Li Ping's second general", and then wrote the sentence "Xiao Lou had another east wind last night" in the words, and at the end of the words, he used "a river of spring wind to flow east" to express his endless regret for the pain of the fall of the country.
In Song Taizong's view, Li Yu clearly had ambitions to "restore the country." In the face of a subjugated monarch who still had the heart to restore the country, how could Song Taizong let him live? Therefore, only by killing Li Yu could he never have any trouble.
The historical Li Yu died in murder, and the situation is true. However, in the later renovation of the history of the wild, it is hard to say that Song Taizong gave Li Yu death because of this song "When is the Spring Flower and Autumn Moon of Yu Meiren", which obviously underestimated Song Taizong's wrist and cunning as a politician of a generation.
In fact, at the beginning of the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to maintain the legitimacy and legitimacy of the imperial power, Emperor Taizong of Song adopted indiscriminate "murder" methods against the surrendered Lords of Shu, Wuyue and Southern Tang.
In other words, whether Li Yu still has the heart to restore the country, and whether he fills in the words "When is the Spring Flower and Autumn Moon of Yu Meiren", his ending is certain to die.
So, why do people in later generations think that Li Yu caused the disaster of killing himself because he filled out this word? Originally, in the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties period, the word still belonged to the "small road" that could not be put on the table.
Since the Song Dynasty, the status of words has been greatly improved. When the status of words and poetry went hand in hand, the world took pity on Li Yu, cherished his talent in filling words, and preferred to believe that Li Yu died in filling words.
In the end, according to the Southern Song Dynasty's "Memoirs", the world speculated that "When is the Yu Meiren Spring Flower and Autumn Moon" as Li Yu's last "fatal word". Emperor Huizong of Song, the king of the Northern Song Dynasty, also had a poem called "Eye Beauty Yujing Once Remembered Prosperity":
Yujing once remembered the prosperity of the past, the home of the Emperor of Wanli. Qionglin Jade Hall, Towards the Noisy String Orchestra, Twilight Column Sheng Lute.
The people of Huacheng went to Xiaosuo today, and the spring dream went around Husha. Where is the home mountain, endure the Qiang pipe, blow through the plum blossoms.
This poem is actually written unremarkably, and I have seen someone compare it with Li Yuzi before, in order to ridicule Song Huizong's talent for not being as good as Li Hou lord at all.
However, what many people don't know is that the reason why Li Yu's lyrics were able to become famous after the Southern Song Dynasty was actually related to Emperor Huizong of Song.
In 1127 AD, after the "Jing Kang Revolution", the father and son of Emperor Huizong of Song became prisoners of the Jin dynasty. Emperor Huizong of Song was a somewhat legendary emperor who, although politically faint, was a gentleman and talented in calligraphy and painting.
Day and night, the Song people remembered to welcome The return of Song Huizong and Song Qinzong's father and son to the south. Therefore, when some Southern Song Dynasty literati were engaged in literary creation, they often borrowed the "words of subjugation" of Li Yu, the lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty, to imagine the state of mind when Emperor Huizong of Song became a prisoner of the order, and the result was very appropriate.
When Wang Cheng of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote the "Memoirs", it recorded the causes and consequences of Li Yu's death after the fall of the country. In fact, it is also borrowed from the ancient metaphor to the present, through Li Yu's final ending, to speculate and imagine the final possible ending of Emperor Huizong of Song.
However, in the "Memoirs", Wang Hao did not think that Li Yu's death was simply because of this poem. In fact, Li Yu was killed mainly due to political factors. Because after Li Yu's surrender, the Southern Tang's resistance to the Northern Song Dynasty persisted until the second year after Li Yu's death.
In the "Records of the River Table", it is recorded: "After the lord died in the girder, Jiang Zuo heard it, and all the lanes wept in the lane." After Lord Li Hou was killed, the news of his death spread to Jiangzhou, and the local people of southern Tang all cried and held a funeral for him.
It can be seen that if Li Yu did not die, the desire of the old people of the Southern Tang Dynasty to restore the country would not die. This performance of the people of the Southern Tang Dynasty is not necessarily due to the love of the subjects for the king, but more often out of the feelings for the Tang Dynasty, because the Southern Tang has always regarded itself as a descendant of the Tang Dynasty.
This point also has many similarities with the people of the Southern Song Dynasty who miss the "Second Sage" and want to welcome the father and son of the Song Huizong emperor back to the dynasty. Therefore, if the father and son of Emperor Huizong of Song did not return to the south for a day, the people of the Southern Song Dynasty would never forget this national shame. It is the "return of the second emperor" that has become a symbol of shame before washing the snow.
The topic is a little far away, and back to Li Yu, whether he has the heart to restore the country. At present, there is no direct historical data to prove it, and we can only look for clues from his words.
About the beginning, Song Taizong thought the same thing, so when he read "Xiaolou had the east wind last night" and "When a river of spring water flowed eastward", he was sensitive. In fact, all this is just because he wants to kill people himself, and then makes an excuse.
epilogue
As the saying goes: Evil comes out of the mouth, and more words will be lost. Throughout the ages, I don't know how many people have lost their lives because they said the wrong thing. Although "When is yu meiren, spring flower and autumn moon", although it is not the most fundamental cause of Li Yu's murder, it is also a "fuse" and a "hypnotic".
Li Yu grew up in the imperial family of fine clothes and jade since he was a child, and he did not experience any hardships at all before the fall of the country, so he naturally did not know how to be careful in words and deeds.
The pain of the subjugation of the country brought a devastating blow to Li Yu. This kind of blow made him mentally confused for a while, "not being a guest in the dream"; the next moment it made him lose weight, "Shen waist and pan sideburns".
The sorrow and pain in Li Yu's heart can only be expressed by filling in words. The content of these words is all from his truest emotions and is never hidden. This is exactly where Li Yu's words of subjugation are the most moving, and at the same time, it is also the most "fatal" place.