Behind the Back of Su Yu, God of War (71)
In the previous section, we talked about Li De's use of the theory of large-depth operations and the method of commanding command to command the Red Army, and as a result, the Red Army lost soldiers and generals. Isn't there any benefit to commanding?
Directive command and guiding command are like the planned economy and market economy, in the final analysis, is it necessary to control the actions of subordinates too much? In fact, any unit and organization will always face such a problem in the management of subordinates: if the management is too dead, the subordinates have no motivation and vitality of the officers, and if the management is too loose, they will go their own way and will often cause chaos.
Although the concept of command command was born in the West, China has long had the practice of command command, and it is relatively successful, the most typical representative of which is Zhuge Liang in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
People who have watched the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" know that in the Liu Bei clique, except for Zhuge Liang, most of the others are like fools, and when the generals under them do not know what to do, open the bag given by Zhuge Liang, and there will be a wonderful plan in it, as long as they are followed. Once successful, commanding can greatly increase the prestige of the general. For example, the burning of Shinno is one example.
In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, shortly after Zhuge Liang was invited out of the mountains by Liu Bei, Cao Cao sent the general Xiahou Huan to lead 100,000 troops to attack Liu Bei in Xinye, Nanyang. Xun Yu, a strategist, said: "Liu Bei is a hero, and zhuge liang is a military master, so you must not take the enemy lightly." ”
Xiahou Huan said unconvincedly, "Liu Bei is just a rat, and I must have caught him." ”
When Zhang Fei heard that Xiahou Huan had come to kill him, he said to Guan Yu, "The Cao army is coming, and it is enough to send Kong Ming to meet the enemy." ”
Liu Bei asked the two younger brothers about their plan to meet the enemy, and Zhang Fei said, "Why didn't the elder brother send Kong Ming?" ”
Liu Bei criticized Zhang Fei, saying: "Kong Ming used wisdom, and the two brothers were brave, how could they arbitrarily push back?" ”
It turned out that Guan Yu and Zhang Fei did not take Zhuge Liang in their eyes at all at this time, he thought that a weak scholar who had never smelled blood on the battlefield would also fight, but Liu Bei firmly believed that Zhuge Liang was definitely not an idle person, and Zhuge Liang knew that Guan Yu and Zhang Fei would definitely not listen to the dispatch, so he asked Liu Bei to hand over the sword seal to him. Zhuge Liang then told Guan Yu and Zhang Fei to send out the missions one by one according to their own plans. This operational command is typical of commanding command, and the generals can act according to the plan.
At this time, Zhuge Liang basically had no authority, so Guan Yu felt strange and ridiculed Kong Ming for being idle. Kong Ming said, "I only sit in the county seat. Zhang Fei was also not convinced, but seeing Kong Ming's sword printed in his hand, he had no choice.
As a result, Xiahou Huan took the enemy lightly and was introduced by Zhao Yun into the Bowangpo Gorge. At this time, the fire behind the sky, the reeds on both sides also burned up, Cao Jun was burned to the point of being turned upside down, and then under the cover of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei's troops, he threw away his armor and armor, and Xiahou Huan fled desperately from the path.
Liu Bei's army returned with a great victory. In this battle, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei acted completely according to Zhuge Liang's instructions, and the result was a complete victory, and the two people's contempt for Zhuge Liang was swept away, and after this battle, the two admired Zhuge Liang's wisdom and threw themselves to the ground. Therefore, after the two returned to the camp, they saw Zhuge Liang get off his horse and worship, and Zhuge Liang established an incomparable authority for a while.
Therefore, from the perspective of establishing authority, the effect of command command is much stronger than the effect of guiding command.
Commanding command has a prerequisite: commanders are geniuses that are rare in a thousand years, and most of the generals are brainless fools. Therefore, commanding commanders often exclude the military talents of their subordinates, and once the military talents under their hands exceed the scope tolerated by the commander-in-chief, they will be unexpected, such as the general Wei Yan.
For Wei Yan's talents, the record of the Three Kingdoms Chronicle is "good at raising soldiers and soldiers, brave and fierce", that is, good at training soldiers, very brave. There is a comment in the "Legend of the Galactic Heroes" that "those who can make soldiers scrappy are called famous generals", and in ancient times, it is necessary to make soldiers scrappy, no more than the usual training, grace and righteousness, fighting with wisdom, plus the Lord will give up his life and forget to lead by example. From this point of view, Wei Yan can be called a famous general without compromise.
However, such a powerful figure, why did Zhuge Liang think that Wei Yan had a backbone? The fundamental reason was that Wei Yan's military ability exceeded the scope of Zhuge Liang's tolerance, and before Zhuge Liang died, he held a "retreat" meeting in Wuzhangyuan, and Wei Yan was the second largest person in the Shu Han army after Zhuge Liang at that time, specifically responsible for foreign operations, but the so-called "retreat" meeting actually broke the ground and did not let Wei Yan participate.
This was obviously specially arranged by Zhuge Liang, and the fundamental reason was that Wei Yan did not agree to retreat. Zhuge Liang's train of thought: For talented military generals, if they can't hold back, they must follow them to the west. Therefore, after Zhuge Liang's death, Wei Yan clashed with Yang Yi and fell into the trap set by Zhuge Liang before he died, so that Ma Dai, who had long been undercover by Wei Yan's side, was killed. Wei Yan's death was due to the fact that he was too clever, but he was not smart enough to break through the trap set by Zhuge Liang.
Because of this, Su Yu, as a famous military general of our army, had a very low evaluation of Zhuge Liang. According to Su Yu's secretary Ju Kai's recollection, at an operational meeting, Su Yu told commanders at all levels how to plan, organize, and coordinate the operations of large corps, and when discussing how to carry out the annihilation war of the large corps, a military commander asked Su Yu whether Zhuge Liang was a military expert.
Su Yu replied without hesitation: "No."
Su Yu's answer made the commanders at all levels present look at each other, and Su Yu's answer was very surprising to them, but it also made people's eyes light up, because Zhuge Liang was a well-known figure in China, and many people regarded it as a god-like existence.
Su Yu believes that even according to the description of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he mainly fought two victories, that is, "two fires": burning Xinye and burning Chibi. The last fire was still burned by Zhou Yu. Six out of Qishan, at that time Wei Qiang shu was weak, and he adopted the method of advancing head-on and holding on, and he would not use the method of detour, encirclement, and division to fight the war of annihilation, how could the weak prevail over the strong? Therefore, Zhuge Liang is not a military man.
Although Su Yu's words were not much, they suddenly revealed the essence, and the truth was the same. Why didn't Zhuge Liang use circuitous, encirclement, division, and other methods? Because these tactics often require the subordinate generals to exert subjective initiative, that is, the way of guiding command, and Zhuge Liang is good at commanding command. Another important reason is that Zhuge Liang did not believe in the talents of his subordinates, nor did he believe in the loyalty of his subordinates, for example, for Wei Yan, if he was given a team of men and horses, what if he did not obey the command, led the troops to the enemy, or went his own way?
Why does Su Yu not have a high opinion of Zhuge Liang, who is superior in wisdom and scheming? In this regard, a military expert said the reason: Zhuge Liang was a deified figure, his military command was too rigid, and he was very lacking in cultivating talents, so there was "no general in Shuzhong, and Liao Hua was the vanguard."
Guiding command, on the other hand, is to give full play to military talents at all levels, because superiors only stipulate objectives and stipulate some principles, and even the principles are vague. The outstanding commanders of our army are often masters of guiding command, and Lin Biao is one of them.
For example, in the Liaoshen Campaign, after our army conquered Jinzhou, it immediately set its sights on the western marching corps of the Kuomintang army. The Western Advance Corps, also known as the Liao Yaoxiang Corps, with a total strength of more than 100,000 people, is the largest corps of the Nationalist Army, with 6 armies under its jurisdiction, and has two of the five ace units of the Kuomintang.
If the Liao Corps could be annihilated, it would cause a great shock to the Kuomintang army in the northeast and greatly reduce the difficulty of recovering the entire territory of the northeast. In order to eat this fat meat, Lin Biao gathered all the troops he could gather, a total of 10 columns in his hand, and as a result, he concentrated a full 9 columns and pounced on Liao Yaoxiang at full speed. Lin Biao's initial combat policy was: "Stop the head, drag the tail, and hit the middle."
However, after Liao Yaoxiang discovered Lin Biao's main force moving, he immediately knew the intentions of our army and began to flee quickly. The Liao Corps was a mechanized force, marching extremely fast on the northeast plains, and it was very difficult to completely encircle them if they wanted to escape. In order not to let Liao Yaoxiang slip away, the columns advanced at full speed, only to discover the whereabouts of the Liao corps as soon as possible and engage the enemy.
As a result, the speed of interspersing was too fast, the positions of the various units changed sharply, so that the load capacity of the command system was exceeded, and the formation of the columns of our army was all chaotic, and the Liao Corps was completely mixed up, and the ability to command a unified command was lost. It is also easy to restore the formation, and it only takes more than a day to rebuild the chain of command by designating a assembly site by radio, but in this case, the Liao Corps will also restore the command system, and may even run away.
"The columns don't have to find divisions, divisions don't have to find regiments, regiments don't have to find battalions, everyone just look for Liao Yaoxiang!"
This order can be summed up as follows: Give me to capture Liao Yaoxiang alive, and the specific means and methods will be determined by you, and I will not care. As a result, the participating units of the Northeast Field Army have given full play to their subjective initiative, interspersed wherever they want to go, and hit whomever they want, so that the military command of commanders at all levels can be greatly released and the combat capabilities of various units can be greatly released.
There was also an order at the time, "Don't rest, don't sleep, wherever there is gunfire, shoot wherever you want."
Because of Lin Biao's guiding command, it triggered a war spectacle. Liu Zhenhua, who was the director of the political department of the 7th Division of the 3rd Column of the Northeast Field Army, recalled:
"There are enemies everywhere, and there are our people everywhere. The enemy's 100,000 men and horses have since been in disarray. After the war, the two platoons of the 6th Column captured 2,000 prisoners, and there were 5 corps and 9 divisions. ”
From October 26 to 28, Liao Yaoxiang's more than 100,000 people were all annihilated, and none of them escaped the net.
Regarding directive command and guiding command, someone has made an image analogy, from primary school to middle school is instructional command, the teacher arranges the learning plan to death, the student basically has no time control, the more important the middle school, the more so, as long as it can keep up with the teacher's plan, the results will not be bad. After going to college and graduate school, it is basically a guiding command, giving you a credit standard, in addition to the compulsory courses, the remaining courses that need to be taken Teachers do not care, as long as you get the required credits.