The first source of the Hu surname: the surname of the country, the first is from the surname of Hu Ziguo

There are four main sources of the Hu surname: the name of the country, the surname of the courtesy name, the surname of the official, and the surname of his surname.

The origin of the surname of the country is mainly divided into two situations: one is from the country of beard, and the other is from the country of beard of the surname Ji.

Zhou Gongdan's crusade to quell the Rebellion of the Three Prisons (file photo)

(1) The Guiyi tribe established the State of Yuhu in Anhui

Gui surname is an ancient surname, originating from the Hou kui tribe of the Yao Shun era, is a branch of the Dongyi tribe, known as Guiyi, mainly active in the southwest of present-day Shandong and the eastern part of Henan.

After entering the Shang Dynasty, the Guiyi tribe was conquered by the Shang king Wuding and forced to disperse and migrate.

One of them submitted to the Shang Dynasty and established the Guiguo and Hu states in the present-day Luohe City of Henan in the Central Plains, both of which were vassal states of the Shang Dynasty.

In 1046 BC, King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang and immediately destroyed the Kingdoms of Gui and Hu. The remnants of the Hu kingdom have surnames with the name of the country, which can be said to be the earliest Hu surname, but because it is annihilated in history, it is difficult to specifically verify.

The other migrated south to the Three Gorges region at the junction of Sichuan and Hubei to establish the State of Chu. During the reign of King Xuan of Western Zhou, the State of Chu destroyed the State of Chu.

Another moved to the area of present-day Fuyang City, Anhui Province, and established the State of Hu, known historically as the State of Hu (fén).

The Records of the Zhou Li Dongguan Examination Workers records that "gǎn) of The Concubine of Hu. Yu Hu, the country of beards, is next to Chu. ”

The kingdom of Yuhu is rich in an item called "笴", which is the fine wood used to make arrows.

The capital of the Kingdom of Hu was called Hucheng, and its specific location was in the area of Ninglaozhuang Town, Yingquan District, Fuyang City, around the ancient city village of Donghai Zizhai, between the Yinghe River and the Quanhe Ancient Road.

The position of the State of Yuhu was at the point of passage from the Zhou Dynasty to the Huaishui River Valley.

(2) The Rebellion of the Three Prisons in the early Zhou Dynasty

In 1977, a batch of oracle bones from the early Zhou Dynasty was excavated in Fengyan Village, Qishan County, Shaanxi Province, recording the content of the Zhou Dynasty army's conquest of Huaiyi during the zhou dynasty.

One of the tablets reads: "It is in The Marquis of Vahu? "Hu Hou refers to the monarch of the State of Hu.

There is a historical background here, namely the famous Rebellion of the Three Prisons.

After King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang, he set up his younger brothers Guan Shu, Cai Shu, and Huo Shu as the "Three Prisons", that is, to supervise the remnants of Yin Shang to prevent them from rebelling.

After king Wu of Zhou's death, his young son King Cheng of Zhou succeeded to the throne and was regent by another younger brother of King Wu of Zhou, Zhou Gongdan. Uncle Guan and Uncle Cai believed that Zhou Gongdan controlled the government and overthrew King Zhou Cheng, rebelling with Wu Geng, the son of King Shang.

The many Fang states and tribes distributed in the Huaishui River Basin, known as Huaiyi, took the opportunity to follow the rebellion against Zhou.

Zhou Gongdan led an army on the Eastern Expedition, killing Wu Geng, killing Uncle Guan and banishing Uncle Cai, deposing Uncle Huo as a commoner, and quelling the rebellion of the Three Prisons.

The kingdom of Yuhu was demoted to the rank of Viscount

The state of Yanhu was a necessary place on the central plains' communication line to the Huaishui River Basin, and the Zhou Dynasty army had to first control the State of Yanhu if it wanted to enter and conquer the Huaishui River Basin.

At this time, the state of Yuhu should be a marquis fang state with a certain scale and greater influence, otherwise why is it called Hu hou?

Under the pressure of the Zhou Dynasty's army, the State of Yuhu chose to submit. After the Rebellion of the Three Prisons was quelled, the state of Yuhu was demoted to the title of viscount state, so it was also called the bearded country.

When the fifth monarch of Western Zhou, King Mu of Zhou, conquered Huaiyi, he fought a battle with the state of Yuhu.

The State of Yan Hu followed the Huaiyi coalition army into the interior of the Zhou Dynasty, and the Zhou Dynasty sent troops to help, and the Zhou army encountered the Hu army.

As a result, the Hu army was defeated, and the Zhou army captured 100 heads of the Hu army, captured 2 people alive, captured 135 weapons shields, spears, ge, bows, bows, arrows, and guan, and recaptured 114 Zhou people captured by the Hu army.

Soon, the state of Yuhu accepted the invitation and submitted to the Western Zhou royal family, becoming a vassal state of Western Zhou.

The state of Yuhu became a vassal state of the State of Chu

After entering the Spring and Autumn Period, the annexation wars between the princely states became increasingly fierce, and the State of Yuhu was caught in the vortex of war between the State of Wu and the State of Chu for hegemony, and was frequently affected by the invasion of war, becoming a vassal state of the State of Chu.

In the 14th year of King Jing of Zhou (531 BC), in order to strengthen his control over the vassal state, King Chuling moved the small states of Hu, Xu, Shen, Dao, Fang, Yi, and Shen to Jingshan (present-day Lingbao, Henan).

Soon, a coup d'état occurred in the State of Chu, King Chu Ling committed suicide, and King Chu Ping took the throne.

King Chuping adopted a more lenient policy toward the vassal states, and the state of Yuhu was transferred back to its original state.

In the first year of the reign of King Jing of Zhou (519 BC), the State of Wu was occupied by the State of Chu because of the land in the Huai River Valley, and King Wu led Gongzi Guang and others to attack the strategic prefecture under the control of the State of Chu (present-day Fengtai County, Anhui), and the Battle of Wu-Chu resumed.

King Chuping forced The State of Hu to form a seven-nation alliance with Dun, Shen, Cai, Chen, and Xu to go to the rescue, and the Wu army withdrew its siege of the prefecture.

The Chu army returned to Jifu (in present-day southeast of Gushi County, Henan) and prepared to rest before proceeding.

The Wu army suddenly attacked The Chicken Father on the obscure day of the use of soldiers (the last day of the lunar month, the ancient obscure day did not fight), and the Commander of the Chu Army, Cang, suddenly let the armies of Hu, Shen, Chen, Dun, Cai, and Xu be listed as the front line to cover the Chu army.

Soon after the two sides fought, the Wu army scattered and retreated, and the armies of Hu, Shen, and Chen rushed to pursue and enter the ambush circle of the main force of the Wu army.

The Wu army suddenly attacked, defeated the Hu, Shen, and Chen armies, and captured and killed The Hu State Emperor Hu Zi (kūn), Shen Guojun and Chen Guofu Xia.

Consultant of this article: Mr. Hu Chuanhuai, an expert in literature and history of Pengxi County, Sichuan

Editor of this article: Hu Yongdong

Review: Chen Meiyan