The long river of history is running endlessly, there are calm waves, there are also waves, let Xiaobian take you into history and understand history.
Why did Xun Zi think that he could assist the Qin state?
Fundamentally speaking, we must start with the "feudalism" of a long and long time ago.
One: The origin of "feudalism"
After King Wu of Zhou established himself on behalf of the merchants, he thought that he was "carried by fengtian" and was authorized by heaven to manage the world in a dignified and reasonable and legal manner, but how should this world be managed?
Relying on Tianzi alone, it is bound to fail, the plate is so big, Tianzi is an octopus like a piglet, and he can't be busy, what if he can't be busy?
A very good solution came into being.
Without him, feudal, the full name is feudal land to build a country.
The specific method is to divide the world into a number of small countries, such as Qi, Lu, Jin, and so on, and after the division is done, just like the rural areas divide the responsible fields, there are deep ditches dug on the border, there are conditions, the ditches are irrigated with water, there are no conditions, and the two sides of the ditch are piled with soil and planted trees, and it is very doubtful that the gap during the confrontation between Chu and Han came from this way.
For this series of complex actions, it is called sealing the soil, referred to as sealing.
After the sealing, send people there to be the monarch, called the founding of the country, referred to as jian.
Familiar with it, many people only know it later, but they don't know why feudalism came.
In short, the Son of Heaven divided the world and handed it over to his sons, nobles, and courtiers, who were called princes.
The princes, with the Son of Heaven made a mistake, but also worried that the territory is too big, one person can not manage it, so, and then the land at hand divided into pieces, handed over to relatives and children to manage, of course, because of the relationship of identity, this time can not be called the establishment of the country, but should be called the establishment of the land, the establishment of the family, these people, called the doctor.
The doctor's territory was a little smaller, completely solving the confusion of the Heavenly Son and the princes who could not be busy, at best, returning to heaven, that is, handing over to the eldest son after death.
But the problem is, according to the li, the doctor can have a wife and two concubines, of course, the etiquette law so stipulated, the specific operation, then who knows, in short, the doctor can have a lot of wives, naturally will give birth to a lot of children, such as Qi Guotianchang, accidentally gave birth to more than a hundred, among these children, in addition to the eldest son can inherit his title, land, what about other children?
Second: The gradually developed "taxi"
What else can be done?
Can only be reduced to a soldier, what is a soldier?
The landless, the most inferior nobles, since they are nobles, they are different from the commoners, although they are the last class, they can still enjoy some of the privileges of the nobles, such as marrying a wife, and the common people are only married, but the soldiers, although they are not as good as one of the wives and concubines of the Qing Doctor, can also have one wife and one concubine.
The Qi people in Mencius who enjoy the blessings of the Qi people are about a soldier, so they can have two wives. But the soldier has fallen into disfigurement.
Occasionally go outside to mix a belly round, go home and have to brag about people's hospitality, and the two wives who are harmed crying opposite each other, thinking that their lives will be ruined in the hands of this man.
A man, let his wife sad to be like that, is certainly incompetent, but anyone who is a little bit of backbone must find a way to change, however, how to change?
Like Gongsun Zhi to farm, or like Guan Zhong to do business, after all, it is a minority, many people still have to put up a shelf, unwilling to operate some lowly karma, the so-called "everything is inferior, only the reading is high" Ah, fortunately, because it is an aristocrat, so there are opportunities and rights to read.
As a result, you can read a lot of books and develop a belly of knowledge.
Speaking of this knowledge, in the early Spring and Autumn Period, it was impossible to become a steamed bun, but after the Jin Dynasty came to power.
Originally, all countries employed people under the Gong clan doctor system, that is, anyone who entered the imperial court as an official must be a descendant of the Gong clan, so that many soldiers who were originally broad but now fallen were excluded from the scope of selection.
However, the Jin Xiangong clan seized power because it was Xiaozong who drove out Emperor Dazong, the so-called "Quwo Daiyi".
After he came to power, he was worried that the power of the Gong clan was too great, and he would return to the road that their family had traveled, and eventually take away his country.
Three: Qin Mugong invented the guest qing system
The method of Jin Xiangong was to expel all the princes and change the "Gong Clan Doctor" to "Scholar Clan Doctor".
For example, Xun Xi, Rick, Zhao Wan, and other soldiers who were originally broad, but now they have fallen, in this way, they can begin to put aside their identity concerns and seek a career in the imperial court.
Of course, the reform of the Jin Dynasty was still very incomplete, limited to the country, only to the Qin state across the river.
When Qin Mugong saw that the Jin Dynasty had developed as a result of the reform of the employment system, I was still pestering what the previous Gong clan doctor system was doing.
There was no one in the Qin Kingdom, and if they framed themselves in a small range, what was the difference between that and waiting for death.
No, I also want to change, and it will be more thorough than Jin Xiangong, how can he change?
Learning from the experience of Jin Xiangong, it is still possible to select talents of the scholar clan to become officials, but this selection is not limited to China, but the pioneering invention of the "guest secretary system"
That is, to open up the embrace, so that foreign talented soldiers can also become officials in the Qin State, it is precisely under the influence of the Guest Secretary system that Baili Xi, Uncle Jian, Gongsun Zhi, Pi Bao, Yu Yu and a number of officials or soldiers from the Yu Kingdom, the Song Kingdom, the Jin State and the Mianzhu State have entered the Qin State and contributed their own strength to the development of the Qin State.
It can be said that the prosperity of the Qin state is inseparable from the unbiased selection of foreign soldiers.
After that, as the conquests of various princely states intensified, the demand for talents became more and more powerful, and the conditions became more and more relaxed.
At this point, no matter what kind of origin, you can exchange your knowledge for real money and silver, such as Qin Xiaogong to Shang Martin, you can be a knight and an honorable official, and divide the land with it.
Huge benefits lie ahead, because demand determines the market.
There were also more and more lobbyists everywhere, and this trend originated in the middle and late Spring and Autumn period and reached its peak in the Warring States.
Confucianism is no exception, and their founder, Confucius, is an iron fan who lobbied everywhere, with the same purpose of realizing the value of his life by peddling doctrines.
Four: The Confucian Way of Lobbying
Confucianism advocates "loyalty and forgiveness", what is "loyalty and forgiveness"?
Forgiveness, push yourself and others, this is needless to say, the key to this "loyalty", pay attention to the heart is no two hearts, no two intentions.
On the surface, it seems to be like a bird, who must be loyal to whom just when you open your eyes, but this good character does not seem to begin with Confucius.
Because confucius, after Lu Guo was very unsatisfied, he began to lobby the road, Song, Chen, Cai, Wei, Chu, etc., as if they were still a little hungry, and whoever they caught was whoever they wanted.
However, it seems that it is not very objective to say that he is hungry or not, because Confucius can go anywhere, but he did not go to the Jin and Qin states.
Did not go to the Jin Kingdom, the legend is that halfway met a squirrel that will give way, which made Confucius very emotional, thinking that even the little squirrels in Jin understand etiquette, and etiquette is so popular, his doctrine naturally has no place to play.
Although the story is absurd, it is not without practical content, at least it can be seen that even Confucius believes that the Jin State does not need his doctrine.
As for the State of Qin.
Before the Shang martingale changed the law, Duke Xiao of Qin himself believed that the princes were inferior to Qin. Qin was abandoned by mainstream society, why, think they are just barbarians.
Confucius always believed that his ceremony was a bright and upright summer ceremony, and since it was a bright and upright ceremony, how could it be given lightly to barbarians.
Therefore, at this time, Confucius looked down on Qin, so even if the Jin State ate a closed door, he would never fight the idea of the Qin State.
Later, when it came to Mencius, the Qin state gradually became stronger, and even King Huiwen of Qin could send his sons to the guanze to assemble the princes, and then take them with them to see Zhou Tianzi.
With the meaning of a bit of hegemony.
At this time, the Shandong states were no longer "humble Qin", but a little "afraid of Qin", as soon as the mainstream thinking changed, Confucianism also underwent some changes, so Mencius put down the shelf and started to lobby the Qin state.
Why?
Mencius's friend told him that he was going to the Qin kingdom, and Mencius asked, "How are you going to lobby the king of the people?"
The confessor replied, saying that it was profitable.
So Mencius was very annoyed, the Qin state is originally good, how can you still say that it is profitable, a country with profit as the core, it will not be long, it is better to say that it is benevolent.
If you don't have a little calculation in your heart, can Mencius even think clearly about what to say?
Five: Awkward Xunzi
After that, The Confession was probably not done according to Mencius's orders, so although Mencius did not go to the Qin State in the end, his strategy of saying that the Qin State was benevolent was handed down.
Finally, someone wanted to try, this great Confucian hero was no one else, Han Feizi, Li Si's teacher, Xunzi.
Some people asked, Xun Zi was obviously a Confucian, but why did he teach two disciples of the Fa.
What needs to be explained is that labeling each family is a matter after the Eastern Han Dynasty, and as for the Warring States, even Xunzi does not know that he has actually become a Confucian.
As for why Confucianism should be added before, the reason is very simple, pre-Qin, Confucianism is a sentence of criticism of people, which means: a reader who speaks empty words.
In short, when King Zhaoxiang of Qin was king, Xunzi gave up his position as a visiting professor at the Xuegong palace and went to the Qin kingdom to lobby, hoping that king Zhaoxiang would appreciate his teachings and give him the opportunity to practice or display his ambitions.
The Xuexia Xuegong was a famous academic institution at that time, and now that the professors there had run to the Qin Kingdom, King Zhaoxiang of Qin naturally did not dare to be sloppy, but received them warmly.
After three or two times, the host and the guest talked between each other, Xunzi should not be hiding, but the result?
About Confucius and Mencius would not have thought that Confucianism actually had such an embarrassing time, Xunzi, a generation of great Confucians, Baba ran to the Qin State and wanted to assist the Qin State, but was directly rejected by King Zhaoxiang, for the following reasons:
Confucianism is not good for the kingdom of man
You, a reader who speaks empty words, only know how to talk about it, and there is no practical truth.
They think that their Confucian doctrine is empty and useless.
Things can be so embarrassing. so-called:
Is there a beautiful jade in Si, and Yun Yu and hidden? Seek good deeds and sell them? Zi Yue: Ku No Ya! Sell it! I treat Jia also.
Xunzi still hadn't found Jia, and perhaps this was the situation that Confucians were facing at that time.
Well, today's sharing ends here, and we'll see you next time