"Rong" means glory and honor, which refers to the praise and praise given by the society to individuals after fulfilling their social obligations, as well as the self-affirmation and affirmation of personal experience.
"Humiliation" refers to the denunciation and condemnation of individuals for failing to fulfill their social obligations, as well as the self-denial psychological experience produced by individuals
Xunzi's writing of honor and disgrace is more credible.
Pride and contempt are a calamity for people, and respect and humility can eliminate the slaughter of all kinds of weapons, and it can be seen that even if there is a spear, it is not as powerful as respect and humility.
Therefore it is warmer to speak kind words to someone than to clothe him with clothes, and to hurt others with evil words is deeper than a spear.
Therefore, the reason why you can't step on the majestic and vast earth is not because the ground is unstable, but because you have no place to step on your tiptoes, because your words hurt people.
The main roads are crowded, and the small roads are dangerous, and even if you want to be careless, there seems to be something that forces you to be cautious.
The practice of villains
Whoever is happy for a time but dies because of wrath;
He who sees everything and is mutilated is jealous;
He who is knowledgeable and in distress is because of slander;
The desire for clarification and the increasing confusion are due to the tongue;
The reason why the friendship between the people who are offering and entertaining others is getting weaker and weaker is because of the improper treatment of others;
The ability to speak well and not be liked is due to the tendency to argue;
Standing upright and not being understood is due to domineering;
Fang's observance and disrespect are due to the vitriolism that hurts people;
Courage and unrevered are due to greed;
Keeping one's word and not being respected is due to a penchant for arbitrariness.
These are all things that villains do, and gentlemen don't do.
Don't do it, sorry for yourself, your family, the monarch.
The one who fights is the one who forgets his body, the one who forgets his relatives, the one who forgets his sovereign.
To vent his momentary anger will be to lose his body for life, and to still engage in a brawl is to forget his own body, and to have a family will be destroyed immediately, and his relatives will not be spared punishment and killed, but to engage in a brawl is to forget his relatives, and to fight is to abhor the monarch and is strictly forbidden by the criminal law, and to engage in a brawl is to forget his own monarch.
As far as worrying things are concerned, they have forgotten themselves, from within the family, they have forgotten their relatives, and in the case of the above, they have forgotten their monarchs, and such people cannot be let go by the criminal law and cannot be tolerated by the emperor of the Holy Wisdom. The sows that are suckling do not offend the tigers, and the dogs who are breastfeeding do not wander far because they have not forgotten their own flesh and blood.
As a human being, he forgets himself in the things he can worry about, forgets his relatives in the family, and forgets the monarch in the upper sense, and he is not as good as a pig or a dog.
Brawls are not right
Whoever fights must think that he is right and that others are wrong. If you are really right, if others are really wrong, then you are a gentleman and others are villains.
Isn't it too wrong to kill each other as a gentleman and a villain, to forget oneself in terms of worrying things, to forget one's relatives within the family, and to forget one's own monarch in the upper sense?
This kind of person is what is usually said to use the fox father's Rigo to cut cow.
If you think it is wise, there is nothing more stupid, if it is good, there is nothing more harmful, if you think it is honorable, there is nothing more shameful, if you think it is safe, there is nothing more dangerous. People have fights, but for what?
I would like to classify this kind of behavior as insane, confused, and other mental illnesses, but I can't, because the Emperor of the Holy Ming still has to punish this kind of behavior, and I want to classify them among birds, rats, and beasts, but no, because they are still human beings, and most of their loves and hatreds are the same as others.
What is it that people fight for? I think it's ugly.
The bravery of the villain and the bravery of the gentleman
There is the bravery of dogs and pigs, the bravery of merchants and thieves, the bravery of villains, and the bravery of gentlemen. Competing for drink and food, there is no shame, I don't know right and wrong, I don't care about the death and injury, I am not afraid of the strength of the people, my eyes are so red that I only see food and drink, this is the bravery of dogs and pigs.
The bravery of a merchant and a thief is the courage of a merchant and a thief, who is resolute and bold and exhilarating in action, who is fierce, greedy and violent, and whose eyes are so red that he sees only money. It is the bravery of the villain to act tyrannically and not care about death.
Where it is moral, he does not succumb to power, disregards his own interests, and gives him the whole country and does not change his opinion, although he values life, he insists on justice and is unyielding, which is the bravery of a gentleman.
The white minnow is a fish that likes to float on the surface of the water to bask in the sun, but it is too late to get water when it is stranded on the beach. It is useless to be trapped in calamity and try to be careful.
Those who are self-aware do not blame others, and those who understand fate do not blame God; those who blame others will be cornered, and those who complain about God have no knowledge. Isn't it far away to blame others for the fault of oneself?
The main differences between honor and disgrace, the general situation of safety and security are:
He who thinks first about morality and then interests will be glorified, and those who think first about interests and then morality will be dishonored; the glorious are always in access, and the disgraced are often poor; the wise often rule and the poor are often ruled by men: this is the main difference between glory and disgrace.
A person who is talented and prudent is often safe and profitable, a person who is dissolute and fierce is often in danger, a person who is safe and profitable is often happy and comfortable, a person who is in danger is often sad and has a sense of crisis, a person who is happy and comfortable is often long-lived, and a person who is sad and has a sense of crisis often dies: this is the general situation of safety and danger.
Nature has created all people, and they all have their own reasons for survival.
His thoughts are extremely beautiful, his virtues are extremely generous, and his plans are extremely wise, which is the reason why the Son of Heaven has won the world.
The decrees are in accordance with the law, the measures are in accordance with the timeliness, the decisions are made in political affairs, and the higher ones can obey the orders of the Son of Heaven and the lower ones can appease the people, which is the reason why the princes obtained the state. Good thinking and behavior, being an official and good at management, being able to obey the monarch at the top, and abiding by their duties at the bottom are the reasons why the scholars obtained the land and fiefdoms. In accordance with the legal norms, scales, criminal laws, and map household registrations, even if they did not understand their will, they strictly abided by the specific provisions, and were careful not to delete or add to them, and the father passed them on to his sons, and used them to support the princes; therefore, although the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties were all destroyed, the policy and legal system were still preserved, and this was the reason why the officials at all levels obtained the money.
Filial piety to one's parents, respect for one's elder brother, honesty and prudence, and hard work in order to engage in one's own business, and not dare to slack off and be contemptuous, are the reasons why the common people have sufficient food and clothing, and live a long and healthy life without being punished and killed.
The whitewashing of evil doctrines, the glorification of treacherous remarks, the doing grotesque things, the swindling, the forcible and deceitful, the arrogant and brutal, and the stealing of life in the chaotic society and the uneasiness of their position are the reasons for the treacherous people to bring danger, shame, death, and punishment on themselves.
They don't think deeply, they don't choose their life path carefully, they are careless and careless in determining their choices, and that's why they're in danger. Qualifications, nature, wisdom, and talents, gentlemen and villains are the same.
They love glory and hate shame, and love profit and hate evil, which are the same as gentlemen and villains, and the ways they use to seek glory and profit are different.
Villains, who want others to believe in themselves despite their wanton words, try their best to deceive but want others to be close to them, and behave like beasts but want others to praise themselves. It is difficult for them to think wisely, it is difficult for them to do things safely, and it is difficult for them to establish a set of things that they adhere to, and as a result, they will certainly not be able to get the glory and benefits they like, but will inevitably suffer the shame and scourge that they hate. As for a gentleman, when he tells the truth to others, he also wants others to believe in him, he is loyal to others, he also wants others to be close to him, and he is kind and upright and handles affairs properly, and he also wants others to praise him.
It is easy for them to consider problems wisely, to do things prudently, and to uphold their ideas, and as a result they will surely get the glory and benefits they like, and they will certainly not suffer the disgrace and evil they detest, so that their fame will not be buried when they are poor, but they will be very prominent when they are well-versed, and their fame will be more brilliant after their death.
The villains all stretched their necks, stood on their heels and said enviously: "The wisdom, thoughts, qualifications, and nature of these people must surpass others." They don't know that the gentleman's qualifications are no different from their own, but that the gentleman has taken it properly, while the villain has misplaced it. Therefore, a careful examination of the wisdom and talents of the villains will show that they are more than enough to do everything that a gentleman does.
Take it as an analogy, the people of Yue are accustomed to the Yue country, the people of Chu are accustomed to the Chu country, and the gentlemen are accustomed to the Chinese state; this is not caused by wisdom, talent, qualifications, and nature, but by the difference in the measures of their qualifications and talents and the moderation of customs.
Practicing benevolence, righteousness and morality is always a safe way to be safe, but it is not necessarily a dangerous way to avoid danger, and filthy and despicable and forcible plundering is a way to always be dangerous, but it does not necessarily mean that there is no security. The gentleman follows the normal path, while the villain follows the strange path.
Mortals all have the same place: when you are hungry, you want to eat, when you are cold, you want to be warmer, when you are tired, you want to rest, you like profit and hate to be harmed, this is the nature of human beings, it does not need to rely on anything to be like this, it is the same as Yu and Ji; the eyes can distinguish white, black, beautiful and ugly, the ears can distinguish the sound of voice, the tongue can distinguish the sweet and sour, the nose can distinguish the aromatic smell, the body skin can distinguish the cold, hot, painful and itchy, this is the qualification that people are born with, it does not have to rely on anything to be like this, it is Yu, It is the same.
People can rely on these nature and qualifications to become virtuous kings like Yao and Yu, they can rely on it to be bad people like Ji and Plant, they can rely on it to become craftsmen, and they can rely on it to become farmers and merchants, all of which depend on the measures taken by each person and the accumulation of customs.
People like Yao and Yu are often safe and glorious, people like Ji and Ji are often dangerous and shameful, people like Yao and Yu are often happy and comfortable, and craftsmen, farmers, and merchants are often troublesome and tired.
Yet why do people do their best to do such dangerous and tiresome things, but seldom do such glorious and pleasant things?
This is due to shallow ignorance. People like Yao and Yu are not born with the conditions to be sages, but from the beginning of changing their original nature, they succeed because of the rectification of the body and mind, and the behavior of the rectification of the body and mind is not possessed until the original bad nature is removed.
When he was born, he was originally a villain, and if he was not taught by a teacher and restrained by the law, he would only see financial gains.
When he was born, he was originally a villain, but because he encountered a chaotic society and came into contact with a chaotic custom, he added a small and despicable nature to his small and despicable nature, so that the dim qualifications were infected with the comatose customs.
If gentlemen cannot be given the power to rule over them, there is no way to open their minds and instill good ideas in them.
Now these people's mouths and stomachs, where do they know what etiquette and morality?
Where do you know what to be humble and humble?
Where do you know what kind of honesty and shame, what kind of small truths and big things are comprehensive? I just know how to chew slowly and eat fragrantly. If people are not taught by teachers and are not bound by the law, then their minds will be completely like their mouths and stomachs, and they only know how to eat and drink.
If one has never seen meat such as cattle, sheep, pigs, and dogs, or fine grains such as rice and grain, but has only seen vegetables such as bean leaves, and coarse foods such as dregs, then one will think that these are the most satisfying foods, but if a man with meat and fine grains comes to him in a conspicuous moment, he will stare at him in amazement and say, "What is this strange thing?" He smelled it, and his nose did not smell anything bad, and when he tasted it, it was sweet in his mouth, and when he ate it, his body felt very comfortable, and there was no one who did not abandon the bean leaves and the bran and the like, and seek the fleshy grain.
Now is it to use the methods of the ancient emperors and the program of benevolence and righteousness to help people live in groups, help people get maintenance, help people get clothes, help people get security and stability?
Or do you use that method?
There is a huge disparity between these two methods, and are they just the disparity between the carnivorous grain and the dregs? However, why do people try their best to do this kind of trick and seldom do the same thing of the ancient emperors? It is because of shallow ignorance. Shallow ignorance is really a common disease of people all over the world, and it is a great disaster for people.
Therefore, people who pay attention to benevolence like to tell the truth to others and set an example for others to see. Tell them the truth, set an example for them, make them obedient, make them wise, make them follow the way of righteousness, and repeat it to them, and those who are closed will soon be enlightened, and those who are lonely will soon be broadened, and the foolish will soon be wise.
If these things are not done, then what good will it do for virtuous monarchs like Shang Tang and King Wu of Zhou to be on the throne? What harm will it do for tyrants like Xia Wei and King Wu of Shang to be on the throne? If Shang Tang and King Wu of Zhou are there, then the world will be stable; if Xia Wei and King Wu of Shang are here, then the world will be in chaos. Isn't it because people's temperaments can be like this and like that?
It is normal for people to eat and want to have delicious food, to wear clothes and to have silk embroidered with colorful patterns, to travel with carriages and horses, and to be rich enough to have more than enough money to have, but they know all year round and from generation to generation that they are not in possession of money.
Therefore, when people are alive, they know that they raise chickens, dogs, pigs, and cattle and sheep, but they do not dare to have wine and meat when they eat; they have more money and granaries and cellars, but they do not dare to wear silk and satin for clothing; and those who are thrifty have boxes of savings, but they do not dare to use chariots and horses when they travel. Why is that?
Isn't it good that they have a long-term plan for the future, and are afraid that they will have nothing to sustain themselves?
Now those who are sloppy and ignorant do not even understand this truth, and they waste their food excessively, and they do not care about their own future life, and soon they will be exhausted and will be in trouble. That's why they starved from the cold and became starving ghosts in the ravines with sacks of begging for food.
They don't even know how to live their lives, let alone the ideological principles of the ancient holy kings, the program of benevolence and righteousness, and the principles of "poems," "books," "rites," and "music"! Those principles, programs, and the like are originally major plans for governing the world, and they are meant to be considered for the long-term consideration of all the people under the world and take care of their future livelihoods, so as to preserve future generations; it has been passed down for a long time, its accumulation has been deep-rooted, and its great achievements are far away. The gentleman who practices it cannot understand it.
Therefore, the short rope should not be used to draw water from a deep well, and no one who has no knowledge can speak with him about the words of the saints.
The principles of "poems", "books", "rites" and "music" are not something that ordinary people can understand. Therefore, if you are proficient in one of them, you can master them, you can master them, you can use them for a long time, if you generalize them, you can touch them, if you think about them often, you will be safe, and if you follow them repeatedly to figure them out, you will like them more.
Use them to regulate your passions, you will get good, use them to achieve fame and glory, use them to get along with people, you will be harmonious, use them to be alone, and you will be happy.
To be noble to be the Son of Heaven and to be rich to own the world is what the human heart pursues, but if you obey people's desires, then it is intolerable from the point of view of power and cannot be satisfied from the material point of view.
Therefore, the ancient emperors of the Holy Ming Dynasty made etiquette and righteousness for the people to distinguish them, so that they had a noble and a low rank, a difference between the old and the young, a distinction between the wise and the stupid, the virtuous and the incompetent, so that each of them could undertake his own work and get his own place, and then make the amount of money commensurate with their position and work, and this is the way to make people live together in groups and be in harmony.
Therefore, when the benevolent man is on the throne, then the peasant spends all his strength on farming, the merchant spends all his shrewdness on financial management, the various craftsmen use all their skills in making instruments, and the scholar and the duke and the marquis do not fail to use their benevolence, generosity, and wisdom in the performance of their official duties.
Therefore, some people are rich in the world, and they do not think that they have much, and some people take care of the city gates, entertain tourists, guard checkpoints, patrol and watch, and do not think that they have received less.
Therefore, it is said: "Only with unevenness can we achieve neatness, only with vain can we return to obedience, and only with differences can we unify into one." This is called human ethics. "Poem" cloud: "Accept the small law and the big law, and protect all countries and the world." That's what I'm talking about.
To sum up:
Those who are discouraged will also suffer from people, and those who are frugal will also be soldiers.
Fighter, forget his body, forget his relatives, forget his monarch.
Whoever fights will be self-righteous, and will regard others as wrong.
There are brave people who are dogs, there are brave people who are thieves, there are brave people who are villains, and there are brave people who are gentlemen.
Light death and violence, it is the courage of the villain. Where righteousness lies, do not lean into power, ignore its interests, and do not change the country's view of it, and uphold righteousness without reluctance, it is the courage of a gentleman.
Those who know themselves do not complain about others, those who know their fate do not complain about heaven, those who complain about others are poor, and those who complain about heaven have no ambition.