Reluctant means not casual and sloppy. A gentleman governs the country with courtesy and righteousness, cultivates his heart with integrity, and seeks comrades with self-discipline. He vigorously commended the various valuable qualities of the gentleman, and exposed and criticized the bad behavior of the villain.
"Zhou Li, Diguan, Da Situ": "One said, with rituals and respects, the people will not be reluctant." Jia Gongyan Shu: "Don't be reluctant." "
"The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The Biography of Wang Tang": "(Tang) moved to Runan to guard too much, searched for talents, and did not dedicate himself. "
Qing Qian Yong's "Dream of Xuchang": "Jiading has an old Confucian name Zhu Gang, who is upright and believes in the old Buddha's sayings. "
"Guanzi Fa": "Those who speak differently but do not do things, and those who do difficult things but not good, so words must be in the middle of affairs, and they are not discerning; Do what you do and don't make it difficult. "
Xunzi's reluctance is to do what a gentleman does, how to do a villain, how to be a gentleman.
Xunzi said gentleman, behavioral doctrine and reputation.
A gentleman does not value his behavior with undue difficulty;
For doctrines, it is not preceded by undue discernment;
Reputation is not precious, but only deeds, doctrines, and reputations that conform to propriety and righteousness are precious.
Therefore, it is difficult to commit suicide by throwing himself into the river with a stone in his arms, but Shentu Di was able to do this, but the gentleman did not respect it because it was not in line with the righteous way of propriety.
The high mountains and the abyss are equal in height, the heavens and the earth are the same, the Qi and Qin kingdoms are adjacent, they go in from the ears and come out of the mouth, the women have beards, and the eggs have feathers.
The name of the thief is often on people's lips, and the reputation is as well known as the sun and the moon, and it will be passed down with Shun and Yu and will never be erased, but the gentleman does not cherish it, because it is not in line with the righteous way of propriety and righteousness.
Therefore, a gentleman does not value his deeds with his unjustified ability, he does not value his doctrine with his improper knowledge, he does not value his reputation with his improper circulation, and only his deeds, doctrines, and reputation are precious if they conform to etiquette and righteousness.
"Poetry" cloud: "There must be something to have, but also to have the time." That's what I'm talking about.
The gentleman still has to do the same.
A gentleman is easy to make friends but difficult to hook up, easy to fear but difficult to coerce, afraid of calamity but does not avoid sacrificing for justice, wants to gain but does not do what he thinks is wrong, is very intimate with others but does not collude, eloquent but not rhetorical. What a big heart! He is different from the world.
The gentleman and the villain have different talents
It's not because you're talented that you're the difference between a villain and a gentleman, it's because of the contrast.
It is also beautiful for a gentleman to have talent, and it is beautiful to have no talent; a villain is also ugly if he has talent, and he is also ugly if he has no talent.
If a gentleman has talent, he will be magnanimous and upright to inspire and guide others, and if he has no talent, he will be respectful and humble and retreat to serve others carefully.
If the villain has talent, he will be arrogant and deceitful to be proud and bully others, and if he has no talent, he will be jealous, resentful, and slanderous to overthrow others.
Therefore, if a gentleman has talent, then others will regard it as an honor to learn from him, and if he does not have talent, then others will be happy to tell him knowledge.
If a villain is talented, then others will regard learning from him as despicable, and if he does not have talent, then others will not want to tell him anything. This is the difference between a gentleman and a villain.
A gentleman is magnanimous but not sloppy, upright but not harsh and hurtful, eloquent but not quarrelling, perceptive but not overbearing, outstanding but not domineering, firm but not rude and violent, gentle but not condescending, respectful and cautious, but tolerant. This can be called the most elegant and courteous.
"Poetry" cloud: "Gentle and humble people are based on morality. That's the kind of person I'm talking about.
A gentleman who admires the virtues of others and praises the merits of others is not out of flattery; it is not out of cowardice and cowardice to discuss and directly point out the faults of others; it is not out of slander and criticism to say that he is very beautiful, and he can be compared with Shun and Yu, and is on a par with heaven and earth, and it is not out of exaggeration and deception; with the times he retreats or advances, he is as supple as cattails and reeds, and is not out of cowardice and timidity; he is strong and resolute, and there is nothing that is not upright, and it is not out of pride and arrogance.
These are all due to the fact that they are improvised, and they know that they should bend and straighten. "Poem" cloud: "It is necessary to be on the left, the gentleman is on the left, the right is on the right, and the gentleman is on the right." This is talking about the fact that a gentleman can bend and retreat according to morality.
A gentleman is the opposite of a villain.
If a gentleman's heart is used in the big way, he will worship nature and follow the law;
If the mind is used in small ways, it will be in awe of propriety and righteousness and temperance;
If you are wise, you will be wise and accessible;
If they are dull, they will be upright and faithful, and keep the testimonies.
If it is used, it will be respectful and not indulgent;
If it doesn't work, it will be cautious and discipline itself;
If you are happy, you will govern peacefully;
If you are sorrowful, you will deal with it calmly.
If he is noble, he will be elegant and wise;
If you are embarrassed, you will restrain yourself and be sensible.
This is not the case with villains, who will be arrogant and rude if their hearts are used in the big way;
If the mind is used in small ways, it will be evil and pour out on others;
If you are wise, you will use all your scheming to take advantage of it, if you are stupid, you will be vicious and cruel and cause chaos, and if you are used, you will be happy and arrogant.
If it doesn't work, it will be resentful and sinister, and if it is happy, it will be frivolous and impatient;
If you are sorrowful, you will be discouraged and frightened.
If you are noble, you will be arrogant and unjust;
If you are embarrassed, you will give up on yourself and have low aspirations.
The ancient book says: "The gentleman is advancing in both relative situations, and the villain is degrading in both relative situations." That's what happened.
A gentleman regulates an orderly country, not a chaotic one.
What does this mean? This means that conforming to propriety is called order, and disobeying propriety is called chaos.
Therefore, a gentleman rectifies a country that conforms to propriety and righteousness, but does not rectify a country that violates propriety and righteousness.
In this case, then the country will not be rectified when it is chaotic?
The reply was that the state should be in chaos and that it should be rectified does not mean that it should be rectified on the basis of that chaos, but that it should be removed and that order should be added to it.
Just as a person's appearance or mind is dirty and he is rectified, it does not mean that he should be rectified on the basis of that dirtiness, but that he should be removed from the dirt and replaced with a good appearance or thought.
Removing chaos is not the same as cleaning up chaos, and removing the filth is not the same as cleaning up the dirty. Rectification as a concept is equivalent to saying that a gentleman only engages in order and not chaos, and only engages in beauty and not dirty.
A gentleman cleans up his body and mind, so that like-minded people gather together, and he perfects his doctrine so that those who share his views come to respond.
Therefore, when a horse chirps, there is a horse to respond to it, and when a cow chirps, there is a cow to respond to it, not because they are sensible, but because the objective situation is like this.
Therefore, it is normal for people who have just taken a shower to shake their clothes, and those who have just washed their hair to flick their hats. Who can allow his whiteness to be defiled by others?
There is no better way for a gentleman to take care of his body and mind than to be sincere, and if he is sincere, then there is nothing else to do, as long as he keeps benevolence and morality, as long as he pursues morality.
If we sincerely uphold benevolence, benevolence will be manifested in behavior, and when benevolence is manifested in behavior, we will appear to be gods, and we will be able to influence others; if we sincerely pursue morality, we will become rational and rational, and we will be able to perceive things and reason clearly, and we will be able to transform others.
Reform and probation work in turns, which is called Tiande. Heaven does not speak and people exalt it, the earth does not speak and people admire it deeply, the seasons do not speak and the people know the period of spring, summer, autumn and winter: these are the times when there is a routine and thus a sincerity.
The gentleman is so virtuous that he is silent and the people understand him, who is close to him without charity, and who is majestic without anger: he is a man who obeys the way of heaven and is able to be cautious even when he is alone.
The way for a gentleman to reform and reform people is as follows: If he is not sincere, he cannot be cautious, if he is not cautious, morality cannot be manifested in daily actions, and morality cannot be expressed in daily actions, so even if it comes from the heart, manifests it in his face, and expresses it in his speech, people will still not obey him, and even if they obey him, they will hesitate.
Heaven and earth must be considered great, and if they are not sincere, they will not be able to nurture all things; if the saints are wise, they will not be able to influence all peoples; if they are insincere, they will be considered intimate, and if they are insincere, they will be estranged; and if they are not sincere, they will be despised if they are not sincere. Sincerity is the ethics of a gentleman and the foundation of politics.
As long as we are based on sincerity, the same kind will gather, if we remain sincere, we will gain the same kind, and if we lose our sincerity, we will lose our kind. If you keep your sincerity and gain the same kind, then it will be easy to influence them; if it is easy to influence them, then the style of prudence and independence will become popular; and if the style of prudence and independence becomes popular and then grasp it tightly, then people's sincerity will be cultivated.
When people's sincerity is cultivated, their talents will be fully developed, and they will forever tend to sincerity and not return to their evil nature, and then they will be completely transformed.
The gentleman's method of success
The gentleman has a noble status, but his heart is still very respectful, his heart is only a square inch, but his ideals are very lofty, he can hear and see very close, but what he hears and sees is far away.
Why is that? It is the gentleman who has mastered a certain method to do this. Because the mood of those millions of people is the same as the mood of one person, the situation when the heavens and the earth were opened up is the same as today, and the way of ruling hundreds of generations of emperors is the same as that of future generations of emperors.
The gentleman examines the way of the reign of the contemporary emperors, and then examines the political measures of hundreds of generations of emperors before, just like straightening his body and arching his hands to discuss it calmly.
The program of etiquette and righteousness, distinguishing the boundaries between right and wrong, and overseeing the essentials of the world, is used to govern the people at home, just like enslaving a person.
Therefore, the simpler the method mastered, the greater the business that can be accomplished, just like a five-inch long ruler can draw all the squares in the world.
Therefore, the gentleman does not need to go out of the inner room and hall, and the situation of the whole world is gathered in him, because he has mastered a certain method to make him like this.
There are people who are sensible, there are people who are fair and selfless, there are people who are upright and cheerful, there are people who are restrained and honest, and there are villains.
The upper can respect the monarch, the lower can care for the people, the matter can be dealt with when it comes, and the incident can be dealt with, like this can be called a reasonable person.
If you don't collude with each other to fool the monarch, don't cater to the monarch to harm your subjects, disagree on some things, and don't frame each other for personal interests, you can be called a fair and selfless person like this. Even if the monarch does not know his own strengths, he will not hide them from the monarch; even if he does not know his own shortcomings, the monarch will not rely on them to cheat the reward; and he will not hide his strengths and weaknesses and take the initiative to expose the real situation.
He must be honest when he says an ordinary word, and he must be cautious when he does an ordinary thing, and he does not dare to imitate popular customs, nor dare to do things that he has a special personal hobby, and in this way he can be called a restrained and honest person. He is often dishonest in his speech, often disloyal in his deeds, and as long as it is profitable, there is nothing that does not fall for him, and like this he can be called a villain.
Justice produces wisdom, partiality produces ignorance, prudence produces understanding, deception and hypocrisy produce closure, sincerity and honesty produce gods, and boasting produces confusion. These six kinds of symbiosis, gentlemen should be cautious, and they are also the difference between Yu and Ji.
The trade-off between pursuit and disgust, and whether to take or abandon, is as follows: when we see something that can be pursued, we must consider the disgusting side of it, and when we see something that can be profitable, we must consider the harm it may cause. It's often not a mistake like this.
The calamities of ordinary people often harm them one-sidedly: when they see something that can be pursued, they do not consider the disgusting side of it, and when they see something that can be profitable, they do not look back at the harm it may cause.
Therefore, if you take action, you will inevitably stumble, and if you do it, you will inevitably be humiliated, which is a disaster caused by one-sided harm to them.
What others hate, I hate it. It is not a benevolent feeling to be arrogant to the rich and noble, and to give in to the poor and lowly, but it is the practice used by the wicked people to steal fame in the dark society, and the intentions are no longer sinister.
Therefore, it is said, "It is better to steal money than to steal from the world." "Tian Zhong and Shi Yan are not as good as thieves.
To sum it up:
A gentleman is not expensive and difficult, he is not expensive to inspect, and his name is not expensive, but he deserves it.
Therefore, it is said: A gentleman is not expensive, it is difficult, it is not expensive, it is not expensive, and the name is not expensive, but it is deserved. The poem says: "Things have their place, but their time is there." That's what it means.
A gentleman is easy to know but difficult to fear, easy to fear but difficult to threaten, afraid of trouble but not to avoid righteous death, wants profit but does not do anything wrong, makes friends but does not compare, and argues without resigning.
Therefore, it is said: If a gentleman can be honored, he will be honored, but if he can't, he will be happy to tell him; if a villain can be a lowly learner, if he cannot, he will be ashamed to tell him. It's a gentleman and a villain.
A gentleman is lenient but not sloppy, incorruptible but not stalking, arguing but not arguing, observing but not agitating, upright but not victorious, strong but not violent, soft and not flowing, respectful and cautious and tolerant.
A gentleman is not good at sincerity, and sincerity has nothing else to do.
A gentleman is respectful and respectful, with a small heart but a big way, and those who hear and see are near, and those who hear and see are far away.
The public is bright, partial to the good, the end is good, the fraud is plugged, the integrity is the god, and the praise is confused. These six living people, the gentleman is cautious, and Yu Ji is also divided.