▲ Photo of Song Qingling speaking at the First Chinese Political Consultative Conference
Immediately after the September 18 Incident, the Communist Party of China issued a call for the whole nation to resist Japan. In December 1935, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held the Wa Yao Fort Conference to establish a new strategy for the anti-Japanese national united front. In order to adapt to the development of the situation of resisting Japan and saving the country and further strengthening the party's leadership over the work in the areas ruled by the Kuomintang, the CPC Central Committee sent a group of cadres to Shanghai, Hankou, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and other places to restore and establish party organizations and carry out the work of the anti-Japanese national united front. Soong Ching Ling played an irreplaceable role in helping the CCP to restore, facilitating the second cooperation between the KMT and the CPC, and establishing an anti-Japanese national united front.
Help rebuild the CCP's Shanghai underground party organization
In 1936, Feng Xuefeng arrived in Shanghai from Yan'an, and as a central commissioner, he carried out the work of the upper anti-Japanese united front, and rebuilt the local party organization in Shanghai, restoring the broken shanghai underground party and the central government. The central authorities specifically instructed Feng Xuefeng to first find Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Song Qingling, Shen Junru, and others to understand the situation. After Feng Xuefeng arrived in Shanghai on April 25, he stayed at Lu Xun's home. According to Lu Xun, in late April, Song Qingling met with Feng Xuefeng, and after listening to the CPC Central Committee's policy on establishing an anti-Japanese national united front, she was very happy and said that she had not heard the voice of the Communist Party for a long time. At Soong Ching Ling's request, the party Li Yun served as a liaison between the CCP and Soong Ching Ling.
In May, Li Yun came to the liaison office with Song Qingling and began to go two or three times a week, and after a few months, he changed to going every day. At the same time, Feng Xuefeng, with the help of Song Qingling and others, connected with the CPC members in Shanghai, and actively prepared for the establishment of a radio station, restoring the communication between the central government and the Shanghai party organization. In December, in accordance with the instructions of the central government, Feng Xuefeng presided over the establishment of the Shanghai Provisional Working Committee of the Communist Party of China, leading the rectification of the Shanghai underground party organization and preparing for the reconstruction of the Shanghai underground party. Soon, the Shanghai Party organization resumed normal activities and led the people of Shanghai to carry out anti-darkness and anti-Japanese struggles.
Promote the initial contact between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party
In early January 1936, Song Qingling secretly met with Dong Jianwu, a member of the Communist Party of China, at his apartment, and entrusted him to go to the revolutionary base area in northern Shaanxi and hand over an important letter to the leaders of the CPC Central Committee. This incident was entrusted by the KmT Central Committee through Song Ziwen to Soong Ching Ling to convey to the CPC Central Committee an important message that the KMT had requested to negotiate with the CPC and rebuild the kmt-CPC cooperative relationship. Soong Ching-ling conveyed to the LEADERSHIP of the Communist Party of China, which was actively promoting the anti-Japanese united front, the first and definite message that the Kuomintang was willing to negotiate directly on the basis of the anti-Japanese resistance.
On March 4, Bogu sent a telegram signed by Zhang Wentian, Mao Zedong, and Peng Dehuai to Dong Jianwu and asked him to transfer it to Nanjing. The telegram read: "Brothers and sisters very much welcome the enlightened and wise expression of the Nanjing authorities, and in order to unite the national forces to resist Japan and save the country, brothers and others are willing to start concrete and practical negotiations with the Nanjing authorities." In this way, Soong Ching-ling helped the KmTs resume face-to-face contact after a decade of separation.
In August, due to the close surveillance of Kuomintang agents, Soong Ching Ling was unable to attend the enlarged meeting of the International Anti-Fascist Committee in Paris, and after contacting the underground party of the Ccp, she decided to appoint Qian Junrui as a representative to attend the meeting, and asked him to call on the people of the world to unite against the fascism of the Japanese warlords and chaebols and the brutal Fascism of Chiang Kai-shek.
On September 18, Mao Zedong sent a letter to Soong Ching-ling, expressing his infinite respect for his revolutionary words and deeds to save the country: "After 1927, the only people who can really continue to follow mr. Zhongshan's revolutionary spirit of saving the country are Mr. Zhongshan and our comrades. "I thought that in order to awaken the responsible personnel of the Kuomintang Central Committee, realize the horror of the subjugation of the country and the inability of the will of the people, and quickly change their erroneous policies, it is still up to Mr. Yu to use the qualifications of the Kuomintang Central Committee to carry out specific practical activities." The letter also asked Song Qingling to introduce Pan Hannian to talk with kuomintang central personnel, such as Wu Zhihui, Kong Xiangxi, Song Ziwen, Cai Yuanpei, and others.
Mao Zedong's letter shows the firmness of the Chinese Communist Party's policy of the anti-Japanese national united front and the breadth of this front, calling for the mobilization of all military forces to unite against Japan and thus form the broadest unity to save the country. At the urging and inspiration of the Chinese Communist Party, Soong Ching Ling rejoined the affairs of the Kuomintang, which she had long since separated.
Promote the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an incident
On December 4, 1936, Chiang Kai-shek went from Luoyang to Xi'an to arrange the affairs of "suppressing the Communists" . On December 12, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng launched the "Xi'an Incident" to force Chiang Kai-shek to resist Japan, detaining Chiang Kai-shek and more than 10 other kuomintang military and political officers Jiang Dingwen and Chen Cheng, and issuing a "Declaration on the Current Situation" and a telegram, putting forward 8 national salvation proposals. On the evening of the same day, Kong Xiangxi asked Soong Ching Ling to publicly condemn the rebellion in Xi'an and demanded chiang kai-shek's release. Song Qingling refused this request and said to Kong: "Zhang Xueliang did the right thing, if I am in his position, I will do the same, and even go further!" ”
By mid-December, Kong Xiangxi, Soong Ziwen, and others went to Soong Ching Ling's apartment to ask her to contact the CCP in order to save Chiang Kai-shek's life. Song Qingling informed Pan Hannian of the situation and consulted him. Pan Hannian also informed Song Qingling of the CPC Central Committee's proposal for a peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident and the fact that it had decided to send Zhou Enlai and other CPC representatives to Xi'an to participate in consultations and negotiations, and at the same time suggested that she urge Song Ziwen, Song Meiling, and others to go to Xi'an and hold direct talks with Zhang Xueliang, Yang Hucheng, and the CPC delegation to seek a peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident. Later, Song Qingling introduced Pan Hannian to Nanjing, which promoted Song Ziwen and Song Meiling's trip to Xi'an. Song Qingling worked hard to communicate the links between Nanjing and Xi'an, and between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and to promote the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident.
Soong Ching Ling always stressed: "China is currently in the midst of war, and the Japanese imperialist army is invading Suiyuan in our country. Considering that the country is now in a critical moment, the imperative of all armies is to seek common ground while reserving differences and to form an anti-Japanese united front, and any attempt to hinder the formation of this front is a crime. At the time of the survival of the Chinese nation, Song Qingling has always maintained a clear decision and attitude, firmly believing that the people of Chinese are invincible. She played an important historical role in the establishment of the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the establishment of the anti-Japanese national united front.
Promote the formal formation of the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party
On February 12, 1937, Together with He Xiangning, Soong Ching Ling submitted to Chiang Kai-shek the "Case on Restoring Mr. Zhongshan's Hand-Made Three Major Policies of Uniting Russia, the United Communist Party, and Supporting Peasants and Workers", pointing out: "In the past six months, I have repeatedly received letters and telegrams from the Communist Party of China to the Central Committee of our Party, repeatedly proposing cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China and jointly resisting Japan, which proves that unity and insults have become the unanimous demands of the people of the country. "We should take this opportunity to restore the premier's three major policies in order to save the party and the country from peril and to compete for the merits of the revolution." On February 15, in order to cooperate with the Communist Party of China's proposition of "stopping the civil war and unanimously resisting Japan", Soong Ching-ling changed his previous attitude of resistance to the Kuomintang Central Committee and participated in the Third Plenary Session of the Fifth Central Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang as a member of the Central Committee, at which he once again reiterated his consistent position that "civil war must no longer occur and peaceful reunification must be realized."
On September 22, the Kuomintang Central News Agency issued the Declaration of the Communist Party of China for the Promulgation of Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China. The next day, Chiang Kai-shek made a speech that actually recognized the legitimate status of the Communist Party of China in the whole country, and also marked the resumption of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the formal formation of the anti-Japanese national united front. In November, Soong Ching-ling issued a "Statement on Kuomintang-Communist Cooperation", which pointed out: "The Communist Party is a political party that represents the interests of the workers and peasants and the working class. Sun Yat-sen knew that without the enthusiastic support and cooperation of these working classes, it would be impossible to successfully fulfill the mission of the national revolution. ...... When the country is in trouble, we should abandon our previous grievances. The whole country must unite to resist Japan and win the final victory. ”
At a time when the Chinese nation was living and dying, Soong Ching-ling held high the banner of Sun Yat-sen's nationalism -- opposing imperialism," maintained a clear determination and attitude, firmly believed that the Chinese people were invincible, and played an important historical role in promoting the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the establishment of the anti-Japanese national united front.
(Author Affilications:Song Qingling Former Residence Management Center)
Editor| Lv Dani Producer | Zhao Jie
* Source: People's Political Consultative Conference Daily
▼