During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Qin and Jin dynasties can be called a pair of wrongdoers. After the Battle of Kun, the State of Jin blocked the way out of the East of the State of Qin and was able to dominate the Central Plains. The State of Qin then turned to the State of Chu and repeatedly followed the State of Chu to attack the State of Jin, and the State of Jin also led a group of little brothers to squash the State of Qin from time to time. There are more than ten battles between Qin and Jin clearly recorded in the "Left Biography", but why is there a good qin and Jin?
The historical allusion of the goodness of the Qin and Jin dynasties was born during a honeymoon period of the Qin and Jin dynasties (the Jin dynasty to the Jin Dynasty), which was not long, and there were sometimes discord. First, Duke Xian of Jin married his daughter Bo ji to Duke Miao of Qin, and later Duke Miao of Qin married his daughter Huai Ying to Duke Huai of Jin (grandson of Duke Xian of Jin and son of Duke Hui of Jin). Duke Huai of Jin fled back (having been a hostage of the State of Qin) and deeply angered the State of Qin. Therefore, the state of Qin decided to help the Prince of Jin to succeed to the throne, which was the famous Duke Wen of Jin.
The State of Qin not only sent troops to help Gongzi Zhong'er return to China to fight for the throne, but also sent five women to Chong'er, including Huai Ying (the niece and daughter-in-law of Duke Wen of Jin). According to the "Seven Years of Zuo Chuan WenGong": .. Mu Ying (Duchess of Jinxiang) held the eldest son to cry at the court, saying: What is the crime of the first king? What is the sin of his heirs? If the heir does not stand and asks for the king, will he leave it here? ... Xuanzi (Zhao Dun) and the great masters were both suffering from Mu Wei and were afraid of persecution, but they rebelled against the first and established the Linggong as the Imperial Qin Master.
It can be seen that the wife of the Duke of Jinxiang should also be the daughter of the Qin State. Between Qin and Jin, this kind of frequent and intensive political marriage was called the good of Qin and Jin by later generations. The goodness of Qin and Jin was also used by later generations as a congratulatory message for the newlyweds.
However, the goodness of Qin and Jin does not represent the entire Qin-Jin relationship in the Spring and Autumn Period. On the whole, qin and jin were far less good than Qin Chu, and the relationship between Qin and Jin had become a feud since the Battle of Kun. However, Qin and Chu were greatly intimate after the Battle of Kun, and the marriage between Qin and Chu continued until the end of the Warring States period, lasting for three or four hundred years.
Even during the honeymoon period of Qin and Jin, the goodness of Qin and Jin was not as sweet as later generations imagined. Two neighboring powers have a conflict of fundamental interests, and the forces are weak, and the strong Jin is qin weak, and the weak Jin is qin strong. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Jin state was strong and prosperous, blocking the way out of the east of the Qin state. During the Warring States period, the Jin state was divided into three parts and weak, and the Qin state went east to compete for the world.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, everyone also understood this truth. When Duke Xian of Jin died, there was a controversy in the State of Qin, was it the prince who supported the succession of the prince? He still succeeded to the throne with Gongzi Yiwu. Through the investigation of Gongzi Zi, the Grand Master of the State of Qin, Gongzi Zhong'er was more capable than Gongzi Yiwu, but when Duke Miao of Qin wanted to support Gongzi Zhong'er to succeed to the throne, Gongzi Zi said: If the Emperor asks to put jin jun and carry it, can he not be kind? If the king seeks to make a jinjun famous in the world, it is better to ignore it and be cunning, and he can advance and retreat.
The meaning of Gongzi Zi is very clear, if you (Duke Miao of Qin) consider the Jin Dynasty, you will support the virtuous Gongzi Heavy Ear; if you think about the Qin State and want to become famous in the world, you will support the unwise Gongzi Yiwu. As a result, Duke Miao of Qin succeeded him with the unskilled prince Yiwu, who was later the Duke Hui of Jin. Duke Hui of Jin also promised Duke Miao of Qin that after succeeding to the throne, he would cut off the land of Hexi and Qin. However, after Jin Huigong succeeded to the throne, he immediately became a white-eyed wolf.
Not only that, after Duke Hui of Jin succeeded to the throne, the State of Jin was starving, and he borrowed grain from the State of Qin, and Duke Miao of Qin borrowed it. The following year, the State of Qin was starving, and borrowed grain from the State of Jin, and the Duke hui of Jin not only did not borrow it, but also took the opportunity to send troops to attack the State of Qin. There are poems in later generations: rafting and traveling far to relieve hunger and poverty, but encountering Qin hunger is different. Since ancient times, there have been many benefactors, none of whom are as good as Jin Hui and the Duke of Qin.
Jin Huigong became synonymous with ingratitude in the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin and Jin fought in the Battle of Hanyuan, the Jin army was defeated, and Jin Huigong also became a prisoner of the Qin state. Subsequently, the State of Qin released the Duke Hui of Jin, and let the Jin dynasty cut off the land of Hexi and hold the Crown Prince Yuan (later the Duke of Jin Huai) hostage.
Qin jin was very good, and it was extremely unpleasant during the Jin Hui and Jin Huai periods. In the Jin Wen and Jin Xiang periods, it was actually different. Qin Miao and Jin Wen can indeed have a honeymoon period, and in the Battle of Jin-Chu Chengpu, the State of Qin sent troops to help the Jin army. In addition, the Qin army also jointly attacked the State of Zheng with the Jin army. As a result, under the persuasion of Zheng Ren's Candle Zhiwu, the State of Qin not only made an alliance with Zheng Guo and withdrew its troops privately, but also left three generals to assist Zheng Guo in defending the city, which is the famous article "Candle Of Wu Retreats from Qin Division" in the "Left Biography".
At that time, Jin Wengong's uncle Hu Yan was enraged and requested to attack the Qin army. And Jin Wengong was still quite benevolent, saying: Without the help of Qin Miaogong, there would be no us today, so let's withdraw it.
Subsequently, Duke Wen of Jin died, and was during the state funeral of the Jin state. The three Qin generals who remained behind in zheng guo sent news to the qin state, asking the qin state to send troops to sneak attack the zheng state. And this time, the Jin state was not polite, and the general of the Jin state army, Yuan Yi, said: Qin disobeyed Uncle Jian, and with greed and diligence of the people, heaven serves me. The enemy must not be lost, and the enemy must not be indulged. It is ominous to let the enemy suffer and live against the heavens. Bifa Qinshi... Qin did not mourn my mourning and cut down my surname (Zheng and Jin have the same surname), Qin was rude, what to do? I have heard that one day of the enemy, several generations of troubles. Plotting with your children and grandchildren, can it be said that you are dead?
As a result, the Jin army would attack the Qin army at Yu Kun, the Qin army was completely destroyed, and the three lords would be captured, which was the Battle of Kun. Since then, there has been no better qin and jin. It can be seen that the good of Qin and Jin is nothing more than a temporary political marriage between the two sides. However, the relationship between Qin and Jin was really different, and it eventually became a feud because of the conflict of interests between the two countries.
References to historical books: Zuo Zhuan, Chinese, etc.;