Women in the pre-Qin period did not have official names, and the most common way to call noble women in historical records was to use their husband's nickname + mother's surname. For example, Zheng Wugong's wife is the daughter of the Duke of Shenguo, and Shen Guo is surnamed Jiang, so Zheng Wugong's wife is called Wujiang. Duke Huai of Jin was the son of Duke Hui of Jin and the nephew of Duke Wen of Jin, who was a hostage of the Qin state before he ascended the throne. In order to win over the Jin state, Duke Miao of Qin married his daughter to the hostage Prince of Jin (i.e., the Duke of Jin Huai), who was called Huai Win by later generations.
Subsequently, the Crown Prince of Jin heard that his father Duke Hui of Jin was seriously ill, and seeing that the State of Qin had destroyed the State of Liang (the grandfather's family of Duke Huai of Jin), he fled to the State of Jin privately. Duke Miao of Qin was deeply annoyed by the treachery of Jin Huigong's father and son. Therefore, it was decided to help the Prince of Jin (Duke Wen of Jin) return to China to fight for the throne, and the State of Qin not only sent troops, but also sent five daughters to Chong'er, which also included Huai Ying (Gongzi Zhong'er's niece-in-law). Gongzi Zhong'er wanted to refuse, but under the advice of Fox Yan and Zhao Wan, he accepted Huai Win.
"Twenty-three Years of Zuo Chuan And Gong Gong" contains: Qin Bernard's five females, Huai Wei and Yan. Bong also live, and then swing it. Anger: Qin and Jin Piye, why humble me! The prince (heavy ears) was afraid, surrendered and imprisoned.
Duke Wen of Jin was able to inherit and stabilize the throne with the help of the State of Qin, and his wife was also supposed to be a Qin woman. Many people think that the concubine of Jin Wengong is this Huai Win, but this is not the case at the time.
According to the "Twenty-four Years of the Duke of Zuo Chuan", the Marquis of Jin (Jin Wengong) rebelled against Lady Ying's return. And the "Thirty-three Years of the Left Transmission and the Duke of The People' Republic" records: .. Wen Wei asked the three marshals (in the Battle of Jin and Qin, the Qin army was completely destroyed, and the three commanders were captured), that is: He Shi Constructed Wu Erjun, and if the widow was able to eat it, he would not be tired, and the Junhe would be humiliated and begged! What if he returned to Qin and fulfilled the ambition of a widow? Gong (Jin Xianggong) Xu Zhi, the first Dynasty. Ask Qin Prisoner. Gong Yue: Lady please, I give up.
According to the above two historical records, it can be clear that the concubine of the Duke Wen of Jin was indeed a Qin woman. And after the death of Duke Wen of Jin, he was given the title of Duke Wen of Jin and was called Wen Ying. Although Huai Ying's remarriage to Jin Wengong can also be renamed Wen Ying, it does not prove that Wen Ying is Huai Ying. According to the patriarchal system of the pre-Qin Dynasty, anyone who has children must also have the right wife of the monarch as a concubine. Therefore, although Wen Wei was not the biological mother of the Duke of Jin, it did not affect her status in the Jin State.
After the death of Duke Xiang of Jin, Zhao Dun and Hu Yangu (狐偃's son, second only to Zhao Dun) argued over who to appoint as emperor, and also mentioned Chen Win. The "Sixth Year of Zuo Chuan And Duke Wen" records: August Yihai, Jin XiangGong.com. There are few linggongs, and the Jin people want to establish a long king because of difficulties. Zhao Meng (赵敦) 曰: Li Gongzi Yong. Good and long, loved by the first king, and close to Qin. Qin, old good also. Good is solid, the long is smooth, love is filial piety, and old age is safe. For the sake of embarrassment, if you want to establish a long king, those who have these four virtues will be difficult to express. Jia Ji (Fox Shooter) said: It is not as good as Li Gongzi Le. Chen Wei will be the second king, and his son will be established, and the people will be at peace. Zhao Mengyue: Chen Ying, Ban Zai nine people, his son He Zhenzhi? And for the second son, fornication also. For the first gentleman, you can't seek the big and go out in the small country, and also open up. Mother and son, no threat. Chen is small and far away, helpless. What will happen?
Wen Wei and Chen Ying are obviously not the same person. Wen Wei was the concubine of Duke Wen of Jin and had a revered status. In the pre-Qin period, the son was precious to his mother, so Gongzi Le, the son of Chen Ying, was also despised by Zhao Dun. If Chen Ying is Wen Ying, then Gongzi Le should be the concubine of Duke Wen of Jin, who has more legitimacy to succeed to the throne than Duke Xiang of Jin. Moreover, there is no need to change Wen Ying's name to Chen Win.
Therefore, Wen Wei should be childless, but raise Jin Xianggong as a son. At the same time, Zhao Dun also said: Chen Yin is in erjun. It is more in line with Huai Ying's experience of marrying Jin Huaigong first and then marrying Jin Wengong. It can be inferred that Chen Ying should be Huai Ying, because he remarried, so his status was low, and he was only one of the five Qin women who were given to Jin Wengong as The Duke of Qin Miao. And Wen Yi, the concubine of Duke Wen of Jin, should be another daughter of Duke Miao of Qin or the daughter of Emperor Qin of Qin.
Reference history books: "Zuo Zhuan", "Chinese", etc