In the "Han Feizi Heshi" it is recorded that the Chu people and the clan were given to the King of Li in the Chu Mountains of Yupu. King Li made the jade people look at each other, and the jade people said, "Shi Ye." "The king took peace as a curse, and cut off his left foot. Since Heshi bi has been lost in the rolling river of history, it is no longer meaningful to examine the value of heshi bi, but the Chinese jade culture it represents is worthy of long-term circulation.
In 281 BC, the Heshi Bi at this time was still an ordinary piece of jade, and there was no added value of the later national jade seal on the body, but just by virtue of its own value, it was regarded as a treasure by the kings of Chu dynasty, and it was never easily shown, if it were not for the zhao state, I am afraid that the heshi bi would have been in the hands of the Chu state.
As the saying goes, "Piaf is innocent of his sins." "The State of Zhao is different from the State of Chu, the State of Zhao is one of the three small states that split off from the State of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Five Hegemons, and when the Heshi Bi was in the hands of the State of Chu, no one dared to beat him from the hands of the State of Chu, but after it reached the hands of the State of Zhao, the treasures passed down from generation to generation suddenly became a hot potato, and the State of Qin, the State of Qi, and even the State of Wei and Korea all looked at this treasure with great eyes, which may be the reason why the King of Chu gave heshi Bi as a dowry to the State of Zhao.
Unlike the 'civilized' countries such as the State of Wei, Korea, and the State of Qi, the barbarian State of Qin in the west was much more direct, directly giving King Huiwen of Zhao a price that was difficult to refuse, fifteen cities, and it should be known that fifteen cities and pools were almost cut from the border line of the State of Zhao to the west of Tongguan, which was enough to turn the State of Zhao into a huge giant and a giant in the midst of the nations.
But King Zhao Huiwen was not stupid, well aware that with the character of the Qin State, after getting the Heshi Bi, he might not really give up fifteen cities, so he invited the great general Lian Po and many ministers to discuss whether to give or not to give, if given, who should be sent to ensure that the fifteen cities could be delivered, if not, who should be sent to reply to the King of Qin so as not to make the King of Qin angry, at this time the eunuch made Miao Xian call his doorman Lin Xiangru as an envoy, in the spirit of the idea of a dead horse as a living horse doctor, King Huiwen of Zhao summoned Lin Xiangru.
After Lin Xiangru came, he simply and clearly pointed out the key, the Qin state is a big western country, and the Zhao state is a small country in the Central Plains, if not given, the King of Qin can take this as a name to attack the Zhao state, no matter how the final victory or defeat, the most injured must be the Zhao state, and the fifteen cities are extremely valuable, their value is far more than heshi bi, if Zhao Huiwen does not give, it is to give the face without face, extremely reasonable loss, and give, the king of Qin does not give the city, then the qin king is in deficit, so it must be given, the problem is how to take back the city or heshibi.
This said that King Huiwen of Zhao was quite distressed, Lin Xiangru saw That King Huiwen of Zhao, simply proposed himself to go on an envoy to solve this trouble for the State of Zhao, And King Huiwen of Zhao did not have any other better way, so he agreed to Lin Xiangru's idea, and Lin Xiangru sent an envoy to the State of Qin, and Lin Xiangru walked on the pipeline of the State of Zhao and the State of Qin with Heshi Bi.
After coming to Xianyang City, King Zhaoxiang of Qin happily invited Lin Xiangru to sit down, Lin Xiangru also offered heshi bi, king Of Qin Zhaoxiang was very happy after getting heshi bi, picked up heshi bi and showed it to the group of ministers, the group of ministers therefore shouted long live, and Lin Xiangru and King Huiwen of Zhao Huiwen were most worried about the thing also happened, the Qin state in the Spring and Autumn Warring States has always been known as a barbarian, was regarded as a person who does not pay attention to etiquette, to the Warring States period, the Qin state saw no hope of change, since Qin Mugong, simply meet the wishes of the six kingdoms of the Guandong, the Qin state is unreasonable, The Six Kanto Kingdoms couldn't do anything about it.
Therefore, Lin Xiangru said that 'if the King of Qin does not give the city, then the King of Qin will lose money' has no deterrent effect on King Zhaoxiang of Qin, and anyway, the reputation of the State of Qin cannot be worse, seeing that King Zhaoxiang of Qin did not have the slightest intention of ceding fifteen cities, Lin Xiangru pretended to stand up and flattered: "There is something wrong with Bi, please let me show it to the king." King Zhaoxiang of Qin did not doubt that he had him, so he handed heshi bi to Lin Xiangru.
Unexpectedly, after getting the Heshi Bi, his face changed, he took a few steps back and leaned on the pillar of the main hall, angrily rebuking the King of Qin Zhaoxiang for not having credit, and now that the King of Qin Zhaoxiang wanted to bring the Heshi Bi he Lin Xiangru brought, the fifteen cities must be given to the Zhao Kingdom, if the King of Qin Zhaoxiang must force Lin Xiangru to hand over the Heshi Bi, then he Lin Xiangru also has no face to face King Zhao Huiwen, it is better to burn the jade and stone of the Heshi Bi and crash into this Xianyang Palace together.
Although the credibility had no effect on King Zhaoxiang of Qin, King Zhaoxiang of Qin was afraid that Heshibi was really broken by Lin Xiangru, so he summoned an official to look at the map and tell Lin Xiangru which fifteen cities he planned to cede to the Zhao Kingdom, but this was still a deception, although he told Lin Xiangru which fifteen, but whether he could get his hands was two different things, so Lin Xiangru asked for five days of fasting, and then offered Heshi Bi to the King of Qin, and Heshi Bi was in Lin Xiangru's hands after all, because he was afraid that Lin Xiangru had fallen and the King of Qin Zhaoxiang could only agree.
But Lin Xiangru turned around and sent Xiao Wei to transport Heshi Bi back to the Zhao Kingdom from the trail, and five days later Lin Xiangru told King Zhaoxiang of Qin that as long as the city was in place, the Zhao State would naturally send Heshi Bi, and if the Zhao State did not send it, the Qin State could send troops to attack the weak Zhao State, the Qin State was so powerful, how dare the Zhao State disobey it? King Zhaoxiang of Qin was obviously unwilling to exchange the city for jade, and it was not easy to explain to both the ancestors and his subjects, and in the end he could only respectfully send Lin Xiangru back.
After 'complete Bi returned to Zhao', Lin Xiangru's name resounded throughout Kyushu, and other countries did not dare to fight the idea of Heshi Bi, 'Complete Bi returned to Zhao' was also regarded as an allusion, but this story has led to a lot of problems, many historians in modern times when studying 'Complete Bi returned to Zhao', they think that Lin Xiangru is not worthy of praise, there are three points of disagreement, first, Xianyang is the king of the Qin Kingdom, why can he let Lin Xiangru run away? However, King Zhaoxiang of Qin made a plan.
Second, some people think that it is Lin Xiangru's sentence: "The Qin state is so powerful, how dare the Zhao state disobey?" "Exposed the fact that the Zhao state was weak, attracted the State of Qin to attack the State of Zhao in the future, and led to the destruction of the State of Zhao." Third, some people even believe that it was Lin Xiangru who saved Heshi bi, which attracted the future Qin Shi Huang to rob Heshi bi, and eventually the Zhao state was destroyed.
This is completely nonsense, in 281 BC, the Zhao state was still in the throes of the two-part power of King Zhao Wuling in his later years, and the national strength was weak, as the saying goes; the weak country had no diplomacy. As a diplomat of a weak country, Lin Xiangru was able to use his remaining advantages from the hands of the powerful Qin state to mediate with King Zhaoxiang of Qin, and eventually returned to Zhao, even in the history of world diplomacy, there are few people who can be compared with Lin Xiang.
And those who believe that it is the existence of Heshi Bi that has caused the Qin state to come out of the east are as incorrigible as the Southern Song Dynasty Qin Juniper and the late Qing surrender faction, surrendering before the battle, timid before the battle, afraid that the treasures in their hands will hurt themselves, so offering them to others has been a matter that gentlemen despise since ancient times, Su Xun's "Theory of the Six Kingdoms" has written: Cut five cities today, cut ten cities tomorrow, and then get a night to sleep. The person who can say that Heshibi is the root cause of the destruction of the Zhao kingdom is the person who cut five cities and cut ten cities in the "Six Kingdoms".