"Majestic and exuberant, across the Yalu River."
Along with this song, the Chinese People's Volunteer Army entered the Korean War. The song doesn't just mean china going to Korea to fight the world's number one power, the United States. Because before this song was sung, the new China, which had just been established for a year, did not even form a Chinese People's Volunteer Army.
In the lecture hall of the Beijing Science and Education Channel, Professor Jin Yinan, who was the director of the Institute of Strategic Studies of the National Defense University of China, once again recounted the war that took place in 1950 with a huge disparity in strength, and stressed:
When war broke out, no one in the world believed that China would send troops
。 However, after overcoming all difficulties, the Party Central Committee resolutely and resolutely sent troops to Korea and successfully fought the US army back to the south of the 38th Line.
Korean
A brief history of the war before entering the Korean War
Before the end of World War II, the Korean Peninsula had been occupied by Japan for 20 years. The Korean people, who suffered greatly from the humiliation of the Japanese army, not only vigorously promoted the "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere" during the occupation of Korea. More spiritually, I want to completely change the Korean nation,
At that time, Korean schools were not allowed to speak Korean, only Japanese.
Moreover, Japanese soldiers often captured Korean girls in the fields and sent them to the front to serve as comfort women. It also encouraged young children in North Korea to learn militarist ideas and even sent them to the battlefield to serve as a source of soldiers.
At the Tehran conference before Japan's surrender, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed that North Korea be allowed to become independent at the right time, while the rest of the participating countries did not object. After World War II, the Korean Peninsula was divided between the United States and the Soviet Union into two countries bounded by a 38° latitude, and it was agreed that China and Britain would jointly administer it.
However, the Americans were very lax in their management of southern Korea, and even the appointment of Japanese-occupied administrators was met with nationalist movements by the Korean people, hoping to unify and form an independent ruling North Korean state. However, during the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union, for their own interests were not affected, so they had to clean up the opposition in their own jurisdictions.
Three-eight lines
Moreover, they cultivated their own forces on the north and south sides of the 38th Line, and frantically pulled each other's hatred. The Soviet side also banned election observers from coming to North Korea from entering the north of the 38th Parallel, so the Korean Peninsula became two countries. These two countries, because they had long been instructed and provoked by the United States and the Soviet Union, finally broke out the Korean War in 1950.
In order to support the army of Rhee in its own camp, the US army was intended to defend the 38th line. However, after the outbreak of war, the Korean army successively captured important cities such as Seoul, Daejeon, Mokpo, and Jinju, forcing the US and South Korean troops to Busan to resist to the death. At this time, General MacArthur of the United States persuaded many senior U.S. generals in Tokyo, and on September 15, he personally commanded the landing from The Port of Incheon to encircle the North Korean forces.
With the full cooperation of the U.S. Tenth Army, it jammed the rear of the North Korean troops and conducted an island-hopping operation near the port of Incheon. On September 27, the "coalition forces" resisting at Busan formed a siege and retake Seoul in one fell swoop.
MacArthur
On the day of the siege, MacArthur was ordered by Truman to cross the 38th Parallel to attack North Korea only if China and the Soviet Union were absolutely unincorporated. At this time, the Korean People's Army also received a respite and retreated back to the north of the 38th Parallel. Overwhelmed by the victory, MacArthur and the Truman administration were convinced that China would never send troops to Korea at this time. On October 1, he crossed the 38th Parallel into Korea.
Unexpectedly, Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou consulted in order to resist the aggression of US imperialism. China must send troops to North Korea.
However, how should the nameless Chinese troops explain the reasons for this dispatch? After a brief discussion, the Party Central Committee decided:
The troops on this expedition to Korea were a "support army" composed of people's volunteers.
As a result Chinese The Volunteer Army entered Korea directly into the fight in an organized manner. Until this time, the United States still believed that it was a small Force of China that entered Korea, and it was not until it collided with the support army that it understood that Chinese send troops!
Volunteer Army to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea
Repeated deliberations before the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea
Many people did not understand that at that time, New China was in ruins waiting to be rebuilt, and that after successively fighting the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, the troops should also urgently need to rest, and what was the significance of helping the DPRK fight this war of disparity in strength. In fact, the significance of this war is precisely for the sake of the future new China will no longer be subject to foreign aggression!
Before the outbreak of the Korean War, not only did the United States not believe that China would send troops, but the whole world did not believe. Many countries, including Japan, believe that China has not won a war against aggression since ancient times. For example, the Mongol Yuan Dynasty attacked the Great Song Dynasty and China lost! Daikin attacks Daming, and China loses! In the Opium War, China lost! When the Japanese army invaded China, China only played a draw!
This is also the reason why Japan has always been reluctant to recognize China's victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan. Because they felt that Chinese did not win the war, it was the United States that defeated Japan. Under such remarks, although the Communist Party won the world in the War of Liberation, it only had a large number of people.
What they do not understand is that our party's army has always developed from scratch, from small to earth
。 Moreover, in the early days of the Liberation War, the People's Liberation Army did not have artillery of more than 70mm caliber.
Liberation
But the Kuomintang army, with its own powerful American equipment, has been sabotaging peace talks and wants to go to war. Finally, when the war ended, not only did we have 155 and 122 artillery pieces, but the Kuomintang claimed that a million troops also lost to the People's Liberation Army, which was slowly replenished to a million.
Perhaps the Victory of the War of Liberation against the Nationalist army with American equipment still cannot prove anything. That being the case, let US imperialism verify it for itself. Before the U.S. landing at Inchon, Chairman Mao of the Party Central Committee was very worried that the U.S. military would enter the Korean 38th Parallel.
So on October 3, 1950, Premier Zhou Enlai also rushed through India and Britain, telling the United States not to cross the 38th Line, otherwise China would send troops to Korea.
The idea of the United States at that time was that China could not gather troops that could send troops to North Korea under any circumstances, so it had no fear.
At this time, the new China really did not assemble enough troops to support Korea. Because many veterans and backbone fighters who fought in the War of Liberation have retired from the army and returned to their hometowns and cultivated land. The People's Liberation Army, which is actively in service, is also carrying out operations to suppress bandits in various places. But the United States has ignored our repeated warnings and has unscrupulously provoked us. Therefore, the Fourth Field Army of the People's Liberation Army quickly gathered troops in the northeast and formed the Northeast Border Defense Army.
The U.S. side actually knows the build-up of the Northeast Frontier Army, but they can't imagine that the Chinese army will cross the border to fight. MacArthur wrote in his lengthy memoirs:
"At that time, even the CIA and President Truman thought that China would not send troops, and we agreed that the Northeast Frontier Army was just scaring us. But they were wrong, and I was wrong."
MacArthur landing at Inchon
At that time, on September 25, the tenth day after the US landing at Inchon, Marshal Nie Rongzhen, acting chief of the general staff, warned the United States that once it crossed the 38th Line, we would absolutely not ignore it. Because once the United States crosses the 38th Parallel on the Korean Peninsula, it will pose a huge threat to our country.
On October 4, after Premier Zhou's final warning was fruitless on October 3, Commander-in-Chief Peng Dehuai went to Beijing to discuss the dispatch of troops to North Korea. Prior to this, on October 2, the Party Central Committee made a preliminary decision on the decision that troops would be dispatched. The meetings of the next few days were based only on this basis, discussing details such as the strategic deployment after the dispatch of troops and the scope of military operations.
On October 8, the Party Central Committee finally decided that in order to defend the motherland from territorial aggression, the Chinese Volunteer Army would enter the Korean War.
However, in fact, the military strength of the volunteer army is really much behind that of the Us army. First of all, in terms of heavy firearms, there are only 36 howitzers of more than 75mm caliber in our army, while the US military has 400. On light firearms, the PLA basically used Soviet-style equipment and old-fashioned weapons captured from the Kuomintang. And the U.S. army is a Thomson submachine gun.
Zhang Taofang, a Sniper of the Chinese Volunteer Army, did not even have a sniper rifle when he fought in Shangganling. But U.S. B26 bombers can bomb even without interruption.
But in the end we still won!
The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was victorious
The significance of the victory in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea
After three years, the Chinese Volunteer Army blocked the U.S. army beyond the 38th Line. It won the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. And the victory of this war is not just a victory at the battlefield level, but it shows all the countries of the world:
After the founding of New China, China's sleeping lion, which had been humiliated since 1840, woke up completely.
During the Armistice Negotiations in the Korean War, the U.S. military has been asking why China is sending troops to North Korea. The Chinese negotiators said: We absolutely do not want to fight this war with you, and before the war began, the Party Central Committee always warned the United States not to cross the 38th line. Moreover, Premier Zhou also explained in the emergency notice that we do not care if the ROK troops cross the 38th line, and we will definitely take care of the US military crossing the 38th line!
The final victory in this war let foreigners, including the United States, know that after the founding of New China, China will never make the slightest concession on the issue of territorial integrity.
At the same time, at the founding ceremony, Chairman Mao said:
"Chinese people have since stood up."
Nor is it an empty slogan. China will never let the war occur beyond its own national borders, let alone let the Japanese invade north China, and the situation of war at the Lugou Bridge that breaks out deep into China's hinterland happens again.
Chairman Mao
summary
Although the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the volunteers suffered heavy casualties. Moreover, five battles and the United States formed a tug-of-war, resulting in the permanent disability of many volunteer soldiers. But their efforts have given the United States and other Western powers a signal that China is by no means something they can easily provoke. Moreover, it has laid the foundation for a good environment for peaceful development of economic construction after the founding of the People's Republic of China.