Then our course "Explanation of Characters in Speaking" talks about a Chinese character "Xing" in the "Shu" department, "Xing" is simplified to "Xing" in modern Chinese, "Xing" is a common Chinese character in modern Chinese, included in the "List of Common Words in Modern Chinese" promulgated by the State Language Commission in 1988, is the key Chinese characters, the problem in the title, see the bold text in the text, again, the content of this lesson is still boring. Details are as follows:
興 (興, for the convenience of expression, the following use of "興"). There are three pronunciations:
(a) xīng. This is the pronunciation of the Zhonghua Book Company's Zhuyin edition of the Shuowen Jiezi, and the explanation given is: "Xing, Qiye." From the scoop, from the same. Same force also. "Can mean words. The original meaning is to rise. Since it is a ideographic word, we must talk about the evolution of glyphs:
(Glyph evolution of Xing)
The glyph of the oracle bone resembles four hands holding a thing and a corner together, lifting it vigorously together. Shang Chengzuo's "Yin Qi You Cun": "(Jia Wen) rises like a horn in each of the four hands." "Or add mouth", "then lift the weight 'evil promise' sound also." Several people jointly lifted an object, which needed to be unified, and the sound of "evil promise" (that is, the labor trumpet) was uttered, so a "mouth" was added, and this "mouth" was later blackmailed into the word "same" together with the upper "plate".
(Rise)
"Yi Tongren": "Fu Rong yu mang, ascended to his high tomb, three years old is not happy." "Hid the army in the dense forest and grass, and occupied the commanding heights, and for many years did not dare to raise troops to fight." "Poetry Daya 緜": "A hundred blocks are prosperous, and the gāo drum is victorious." "Hundreds of walls rose at once, and the human voice raced through the sound of drums.
In addition to this meaning, there are many uses of "xing":
(1) Get up. "Poetry, Wei Feng, And Hao": "Dreaming of sleeping at night, there is a great future." "Get up early and go to bed late, so be it." Here developed an idiom "dreaming and sleeping at night", which refers to getting up early and going to bed late, describing it as very diligent. Among them, "Xing" is used in the sense of "getting up". "Analects of Wei Linggong": "The disease of the follower, Mo Nengxing." "The people who followed were hungry and sick and couldn't get out of bed.
(Sleep at night)
(2) Rise. Li Ji Le Ji: "The god of the lower and lower levels." Kong Yingda Shuo: "It is said to descend up and down." "The gist is: mobilize the spirit of the upper and lower levels.
(3) Movement; initiation. "Zuo Chuan , Twenty-six Years of The Duke of Sorrow": "Qianjia, a soldier of the Great Yin XingkongZe." "Da Yin dispatched a thousand of Kuzawa's knights.
(4) Handling; establishment. "Xunzi Zhengyi": "The same benefit of rejuvenating the world." "Create the common welfare of the world's people."
(5) Establishment. "The Book of Han and the Erroneous Biography of Chao": "Since the courtiers heard of Han Xing, Hu Yu has been counted into the borderlands. "The subject heard that since the establishment of the Han Dynasty, the Hu people have invaded the border areas many times.
(Han and surrounding forces)
(6) Selection; selection. "Zhou Li Xia Guan, Sima Da": "Enter the xian and rejuvenate the merits, in order to make a state." Zheng Xuan's note: "Xing, Juju also." "Enter and recommend those who are able to do meritorious service."
(7) Prosperity. "Jade Chapters and Shōbu": "Xing, Shengye." "Poetry Xiaoya Tianbao": "Tianbao Ding'er, to Mo Is not happy." Zheng Xuan's note: "Xing, Shengye." "Heaven bless you with peace, and nothing is not prosperous.
(Prosperous motherland)
(8) Strive. Yi Zhou Shu Wu Shun: "Junzuo and respect and no stay, stay without success; All right solemn and respectful without shame, shame is not happy." "Zoe-gentle and consistent and not sluggish, sluggish is not successful; the right is serious and consistent without humiliating, and insulting people is not energetic."
(9) Success. "Chinese Chu Language": "Those who teach and do not follow, non-human beings, can they be happy?" Wei Zhao's note: "Xing, Yu Chengye." "If you don't listen to such a comprehensive teaching, you are not a person who can be well educated." Can that still be taught?
(10) Requisition. "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Zhi, Chen Qun Biography": "More work as a house, and serve people at a cost." "A lot of buildings were built, and it took manpower and material resources to requisition them.
(11) Popular; Han Yu's "Sending Dou to the Preface": "When the snow and frost fall, the plague is not happy." "Snow and frost fall from time to time, and the disease is no longer prevalent. "Dream of the Red Chamber" twenty-seventh time: "Ran Boudoir is more happy about this matter." "The custom of giving the flower god a feast) is popular in the boudoir.
(Fashion)
(12) Used as an adverb. Two uses: 1, denotes inference, equivalent to "maybe", "probably". For example, he comes, but he doesn't come. It may come, it may not come. 2, indicate the possibility, mostly used for negative tone. Equivalent to "allow", "license". The eighty-eighth time in "Dream of the Red Chamber": "I am not happy to say that God speaks of ghosts here." ”
In addition, "Xing" is also a surname. "Later Han Shu , Eunuch Biography , Sun Cheng " : " Cheng is the King of Jiyin , Changxing Qu Yue . Li Xian's note: "Xing, surname; canal, first name." ”
(ii) xìng. This pronunciation is from "Guangyun". There are five usages:
(1) Elephant. "Ji Yun Zhen Yun": "Xing, Xiang Ye." "There are no examples of application in the texts.
(2) Metaphors. "Hanshu Chuyuan Wang Biography": "Yixing ancient events, mourning oneself and the same kind." "Take the ancient things as a metaphor, mourn yourself and your fellow citizens."
(3) One of the methods of poetic expression. It is called hilarity to cause this matter to be aroused by other things. It is also called "Xing" in the province. "Jade Chapters and Branches": "Xing, Entrustment." "Master Zhou Li Chunguan": "Teach the six poems: Yue Feng, Yue Fu, Yue Bi, Yue Xing, Yue Ya, Yue Song." "Teach the six poetic expressions: called the wind, call it fu, call it bi, call it xing, call it ya, call it praise. "Wenxin Carved Dragon Bixing": "From the beginning of the feeling, the body is established." Because of the emotion, the style of "xing" can be established.
(4) Interest, interest. For example, the wine is thriving. Book of Jin, Book of Liechuan, 50: "Come by pleasure, and do the opposite." "Go with the mood, and the excitement has returned naturally."
(Snow Night Interview Dai)
(5) Like, like. "Etiquette and Learning": "Do not enjoy its art." Zheng Xuan's note: "Xingzhiyan Xiye, Xinye." "Didn't like the juggling of all kinds.
(iii) xìn. It is pronounced from "Hongwu Zhengyun". There are two usages of "釁 (釁)":
(1) Kill animals for sacrifice, and paint gaps such as bells and drums with their blood. Zhu Junsheng's "Speaking of Wen TongXun Dingsheng Shubu": "Xing, pretending to be a provocation." "Li Ji Wen Wang Shizi": "The first scholar, both the use of coins, and then the release of vegetables." No dance, no instrument. "The gist of it is: The newly made vessel of liturgy shall be sacrificed to the animal, and the blood of the animal shall be coated with the blood of the animal, and the vessel shall be used during the sacrifice. After that, there were no song and dance performances, and there was no need to distribute dance equipment.
(2) Disputes. "Hanshu Bushi Biography": "There is Xing in the north of the Japanese, and the letter assists the official." "There is excitement, that is, there is a provocation, that is, not long ago there was a Xiongnu provocation on the northern border, and Bu Shi wrote a letter to pay for the official.
The small seal of "Xing" is written as shown in the figure:
(Xing's small seal writing)
([Explanation of words] no. 508, some pictures from the Internet)