preface
There are two meanings of falling rhyme, one is that the poet rhymes when composing poems, and the other is that the rhyme is wrong.
Song Dynasty Shi Shaotan's poem "Gift of Purity":
Do not learn the cold mountain rhyme poems, turn over to penetrate the ancestral machine. The head scooped out a non-table mirror, mistakenly receiving Huang Mei's midnight clothes.
The so-called rhyming poems are poems that rhyme incorrectly. So does the Hanshan Falling Rhyme refer to the poems made by the Hanshan monks?
First, falling rhyme is rhyme
Zhu Yizun's Complete Works of Exposing Books, Vol. 33, And Sending Cha Deyin's Edited Books to Yun:
Meng Xi heard the argument of my friend Fuping Li Tiansheng, Shaoling promised himself that "the late festival gradually became fine in poetry", and the words were "fine"? Where the five or seven words are close to the body, Tang Xian [falling rhyme] is not used in one button, madame.
As for the one, three, five, and seven sentences, the three voices of up, going, and entering, Shaoling will use them separately, and there will be no stacks, and no one else will also use them.
The "falling rhyme" mentioned here means rhyming. In this passage, when Du Fu composed poems, he was very careful in rhyming and would not use the same rhyme feet as the vowels. The same vowel is the same rhyme, and the vowel is still the same, which is a homophone. For example, the previous sentence bets on fish, and the next sentence avoids fishing. This kind of rhyme, we generally call it lian rhyme.
Some people say that the last two sentences of Fu's "Tang Cheng" rhyme:
The back of the Guo Hall is shaded with white grass, and the Yuanjiang Road is familiar with the green suburbs.
Alder forest hinders the sun with wind leaves, caged bamboo and smoke droplets.
For the time being, Fei Wu will count the number of children, and frequently yan Ding new nest.
The bystanders are mistakenly compared to Yang Xiongzhai, lazy and unintentional to make mockery.
Nests, [Tang Yun] [Ji Yun] are: 鋤 cross cut, yin yin; mocking, [Tang Yun] [Ji Yun]: 陟 cross cut, sound. In the Tang Dynasty, the vowels were not the same, one was a hoe and the other was a sheng. Similar to the difference between ch and zh.
In addition, the white foot of the poem uses the word "slang", which will definitely be used on, up, going, and entering the interval. For example, the leaves and the house are all into the sound, and there is a sub-interval in the middle, which is the upper sound.
Well, the rhyme mentioned above is the rhyme.
However, the common expression of falling rhyme refers to the wrong rhyme.
2. Falling rhymes
The Song Dynasty Wei Qingzhi's "Poet Jade Crumbs" mentions the difference between "ancient and modern poetry rhymes":
The predicate is evidenced by the rhyme of his voice, and the general quotation of poems and selected ancient poems are evidenced.
As everyone knows, "Cai Kuanfu's Poetry" tastes the clouds: before the Qin and Han Dynasties, the character books were not prepared, both false borrowings, and the sound was not reversed, and the flat side was universal. Since Qi Liang, it has been limited to four voices and limited to rhyme, so the rate of the soldier has been based on the disease of even li sound. However, the words rhyme with his voice, and in ancient poems, they can; if they are in Vinaya, it is true that this is not the case.
The gist is that when people before the Qin and Han Dynasties wrote poems, there was not much research and restraint on the text, there was no anti-cutting method, the sound of the characters was difficult to identify, there were no four sounds, and naturally there was no requirement for ping.
After the Qi Liang of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the composition of poems was bound by the four voices (平上入, i.e. 平仄). At the same time, there is also a classification of the word sounds. Especially after having a rhyme book to distinguish the rhyme part, when composing rhythmic poems, you can't rhyme casually.
Rhymes that do not rhyme according to the rhyme part are poems that fall into rhyme.
In the Later Shu He Guangyuan's "Records of The Commandments", Li Shizhen, who was not reused, wrote two rhyming poems to express his dissatisfaction. The first song compares itself to an old cow:
The road hurt the cattle, and the cattle were old.
The eyes cannot be opened, and the four hooves are eager to fall.
When the cattle were young and strong, they ploughed the fields early.
Cultivate the spring and autumn fields, and drive Chang'an Road.
Today the leader wears, no one feeds water weeds.
I can't breathe, and no one asks[ ask].
The rhyme foot of the last word is: ask, obviously and the front of the old, upside down, grass, etc. do not rhyme.
Another song compares itself to a fan in autumn:
The heat is unbearable, and the cool breeze is born.
In the object of sincerity is not a tool, there is also merit in people.
Attentive nine summers, lonely three autumns,
I think the king should have a word, abandon me like autumn [fan]. ”
The last word is: fan, obviously also does not rhyme with the first three sentences.
This is a very obvious rhyming poem. But there are still many falling rhyme poems, which are difficult for modern people to distinguish, that is, the cold mountain rhyme poems.
3. Hanshan poetry
Hanshan was a monk of the Tang Dynasty, and people who did not know him also knew the poem of Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City. Hanshan himself was a poet monk.
However, not learning Hanshan's falling rhyme poems means that Hanshan's poems often rhyme incorrectly?
Hanshan has many simple and popular poems that use slang village dialects, and he commented on his works in these styles:
There is a Wang Xiucai, laughing at my poetry and loss. The cloud does not recognize the waist of the bee, and still does not crane the knee.
The flat side does not release the pressure, and the words are taken out. I laugh at your poetry, like a blind chant.
Some people laugh at my poetry, and my poetry is elegant. Don't bother with Zheng's note, don't use Mao Gong to solve.
Don't hate will be sparsely populated, only for the sake of knowing the voices. If you take advantage of the palace business, you will not be able to stop the illness.
Suddenly encountering a clear-eyed person, that is, the world of self-flow.
Wang Xiucai laughed at my poetry mistakes too much, saying that I did not understand the poetry diseases of bee waist and crane knee, nor did I understand the rules of rhyming of ping 仄 (side, that is, 仄), and the language was not exquisite. But I laugh at your poetry, like a blind man singing the sun.
I will not adapt to the rhythm of sound, if I meet a clear-eyed person who understands me, my poetry will surely spread all over the world.
In fact, the poems handed down from Hanshan are not all vernacular poems mentioned above, and they do not conform to the poetry of the law. He also had a lot of excellent Grammatical poems. For example, the following song fully meets the standards of the five laws:
People asked Hanshan Road, Hanshan Road is not passable.
The summer ice is not released, and the sunrise is foggy.
It seems that I am different from junxin.
If the king's heart is like me, he still gets it.
Fourth, the cold mountain falling rhyme poem
There is another interpretation of the poem of the cold mountain falling rhyme. Let's first look at the story recorded in the Song Dynasty Huihong's "Cold Fasting Night Talk":
Xi Li Shizhong sent Tang Jie who official poems: To go to the country is as light as a leaf, and the high name is heavier than the mountain. And You handsome and handsome, has died of adultery and bone still cold "Yun Yun.
Having already, Wen Jie went to the first official of the moon, but he repented greatly and asked for his poems with a book. Tang Gong laughed and said, "I don't need this rhyme poem without pairs."
Tang Jie was said that the poem that Li Shizhong gave him was a rhyme poem, why did he say so? Originally, cold and mountain are different rhymes, so this is a poem of cold mountains falling rhymes.
The full poem of Li Shizhong's "Sending Tang Jie" is:
Loneliness promises to the multitude
It is difficult for people to speak independently [Difficulty: Fourteen Colds] Does not rhyme
A boat to go to the country is as light as a leaf
Takamyo is heavier than the mountain [mountain: fifteen deletions] rhymes
And you are handsome and handsome
The undead adulterous bones are cold [cold: fourteen cold] do not rhyme
Heaven is my lord fushe
Ken taught the master not to survive [also: fifteen deletions] rhymes
Cold and mountain belong to two rhymes, which belong to the neighbor rhymes, and can only use the neighbor rhymes in the first sentence, and the other four sentences cannot be passed.
A similar story is that the Five Dynasties Wang Dingbao's "Tang Shuyan" records:
Pei Qingyu, Xiantong Mozo North Gate Li Gonghuai South Curtain, taste the river, boat thorn boat, mistaken for a penny splash water wet near the seat of the clothes, the public for discoloration. Qingyu asked Ji Yi to know:
Full of goose gold wisps, green floating jade hanging. The water splashed on Luo's clothes wet, and he knew that Wushan had returned from the rain. ”
The public is extremely happy, and the fortune teller is passed on.
Yuyin Huzai pointed out that Pei Qingyu's poem also rhymed with the neighbor rhyme, which belongs to the falling rhyme:
"Pei Qian Yuyun: 'Full of goose golden wisps, green and floating jade hanging, splashing wet from the teaching water, suspected to be the return of the Wushan rain.'" "Broad Rhyme", "Collection Rhyme", "Rhyme Strategy" are different rhymes and returns, and this poem is a falling rhyme.
This is a poem that rhymes with falling back.
The Vinaya does not allow neighbor rhymes. The requirements were so strict, in addition to literary pursuits, mainly the Tang Dynasty began to give poetry to scholars. The Vinaya poems and Vinaya in the Imperial Examination must rhyme according to the rhyme part of the rhyme book, and none of them can rhyme.
Conclusion
Yan Yu said in the "Canglang Poetry" that the legal poems are:
Rhymers (double out and double in), there are rhymes (one in and one out)....
Wu Qiao, a Qing dynasty, said in the "Poetry of the Hearth":
The Tang people have a method of rhyme and rhyme. Rhyme is rhyme. Conjunctive rhyme is also called dry rhyme, which means to take one or two words in the general rhyme. Cold and deletion, first to get together, because of its universal reasons also. The Poetry of the Hearth
These are all rhymes that take the verses and relax them so that the rhymes can be passed. Strictly speaking, these are rhyming poems. In the ancient imperial examination, the creation of poetry could not rhyme, otherwise it would affect the final admission.
However, there is also a special case, the "History of the Song Dynasty" forty-first recorded that Li Dike of the Song Dynasty "rhymed with rhyme", but the chief examiner regretted talent and still admitted him. Later, he was twice appointed to the position of prime minister, which is also a legend in the imperial examination.
@Old Street Taste
Why did Lü Benzhong write two versions of this poem himself? Just learn the characteristics of ancient poems