preface
Du Fu had a five-character rhyme poem, "You Longmen Fengxian Temple", which was often used as the first poem by various Du poem anthologies. In addition to this being his early work, it also shows that this is a relatively good work.
This poem was composed around the age of 24 by Du Fu, and it can be seen that it was influenced by the poetry of the Six Dynasties.
First, that is, it is a rhyme, may as well enter the law
Has been from the zhao ti tour, more accommodation zhao ti realm.
The yin and the valley are born and the moon forest is scattered.
The heavens are like weft, and the clouds are lying cold.
It is thought-provoking to smell the morning bell.
In the Qing Dynasty Zhang Yu's "Tang Fenghuai", he commented on this poem:
The magic lies in the word workmanship, that is, rhyme, may wish to enter the law.
It is generally believed that the gelatinous poems all rhyme with flat rhymes, and the rhyme poems are classified as ancient poems.
However, there are also many rhyme poems, which often use rhythmic sentences, and they will also fight. Du Fu's poem "You Longmen Fengxian Temple" has this characteristic.
The yin and the valley are born and the moon forest is scattered. The heavens are like weft, and the clouds are lying cold. The middle of this binary is very similar to the confrontation sentence in the Poem of the Six Dynasties, the flat and the low are not necessarily completely opposite, and the lower link ends with a rhyme.
Second, the realm is the upper sound, and the rhyme poem is rhymed
The poem rhymes, and it rhymes with rhyme. When we usually do rhythmic poems, because of rhyming, we are more familiar with flat rhymes. And the rhyme contains three sounds, and we often ignore which of the three sounds of the rhyme is the specific sound of the three sounds of the rhyme.
In the Tang Dynasty's rhyme poems, when they rhymed, they often did not go up to mix, and most of the rhyme poems either rhymed with the sound, or swallowed the sound, or swallowed into the sound.
From the three rhymes "Shadow, Cold, and Provincial" behind the "Youlongmen Fengxian Temple", it can be seen that this is a poem with a rhyme, from which it can be judged that the environment is the upper sound.
Jing, in [Tang Yun] [正韻] is: Ju Ying Cut, homophonous with "Jing". In [Flat Rhyme], in [Shangsheng Twenty-Three Stems].
The dialogue and rhyme of this poem are very similar to Du Fu's other famous five-character ancient poem "Wangyue":
How about Dezongfu? Qilu Qingwei.
Create Zhong Shenxiu, yin and yang cut dawn.
Swinging the chest was born in the clouds, and decided to enter the bird.
Will be the top of the mountain, overlooking the mountains small.
Third, the sentence is right, visual and auditory: yin and yang are born and false, and the moon forest is scattered and clear.
Huang Tingjian said that Lao Du composed poems and Han Yu composed poems, without a word and no origin.
Yin gully comes from Shen Qi's poem: "Yin (Shanbei Yueyin) Gully is closed with ice". The void is from Xie Zhuang's "Moon Endowment": "Sound Forest Virtual Lai." ”
The upper link writes the sound: the mountain north valley, the gust of wind, the lower link writes the vision: the moon hangs on the branches, and the shadows are scattered.
These two poems are also the right in the sentence, the yin and the valley against the void, the moon forest against the qingying, and at the same time the upper and lower links are also against the battle. This form of confrontation is common in ancient poems and texts.
Poets of the Six Dynasties also liked this kind of sentence pairing, such as Xie Lingyun's "Climbing the Pond upstairs":
The first scene is changed to the wind, and the new yang changes the old yin.
Ponds grow spring grass, and garden willows turn into songbirds.
In Du Fu's "Wangyue", there are also: the creation of Zhong Shenxiu, the yin and yang cut the dawn.
Fourth, the doubt of one word: the heavens are like weft, and the clouds are lying in cold clothes.
Tianque refers to the twin peaks of Longmen Mountain like a heavenly que, elephant latitude: the longitude and latitude of the stars in the sky.
Longmen Mountain is high in the air, and the poet stays in the temple overnight, and there is a light fog outside, and the poet's clothes are thin, so it feels a little cold.
Tianque and "cloud sleeper" are not very neat to fight, so there is some controversy, some people think that it should be the sky reading, the sky wide, the sky peeping, etc., so that the word after the sky is also a verb, and lying opposite.
Chen Yanxiao of the Song Dynasty disagreed, saying in the Poetry of Gengxi:
This poem "Tianque" refers to the Dragon Gate also. Later generations changed it to "Tianguan" for their genus, Wang Jiefu changed it to "Heavenly Reading", and Cai Xingzong also called the ancient book "Heavenly Peeping"... From the rest of the way, they all pretend to say it. And "the heavens are like wefts, and the clouds are lying on the clothes cold", which is the ear of this temple. With the height of the heavens, it is forced to be like a weft; with the shadow of my cloud, it is cold to invade the clothes, and the language is mixed with itself, so why should the crumbs be more trivial and lose the general body?
The gist is that poetry is natural, so why be too sculpted and have to pursue rigorous confrontation?
In the Qing Dynasty Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Poetry", it is also analyzed:
The heavens are like weft, and the clouds are lying cold. "Everyone can solve a "lying" word, only a person lying in the clouds, so the word "que" has a lot of random guessing. This kind of lower orthography, Nai Zimei's early years were not mellow, from yin, He Xun came, backwards to unload is exhausted, is it not Huang Lu zhi ye?
Wang Fuzhi believes that Que (noun) is not in the right place with lying down, and posterity is carelessly suspicious. In fact, it is because Du Fu's poem is an early work, and his skills were not yet mellow at that time. This way of using words is to learn the poets of the Six Dynasties such as Yin Zheng and He Xun. After Du Fu became proficient in the later period, he got rid of the atmosphere of the Six Dynasties poetry. This is not something that Huang Tingjian can understand.
5. Beginnings and endings
Has been from the zhao ti tour, more accommodation zhao ti realm. The first sentence repeats the word "solicitation". "Tang Hui Wants" says:
The official gift is the temple, and the private builder is Zhao Ti Lan Ruo.
In today's parlance, what is inside the system is the temple, and what is outside the system is the invitation. The Zhao Ti in the poem refers to the Fengxian Temple on Longmen Mountain.
Shou Lian wrote that he visited Bongsien Monastery during the day and stayed in Bongsien Monastery at night. The title of this poem is "You Longmen Fengxian Temple", in fact, "Yousi" is taken by a sentence, and the whole poem is written "Susi". The middle diptych is a scene of overnight stays.
It is thought-provoking to smell the morning bell. After writing about the scene of the overnight stay, when the poet woke up, he heard the sound of the morning bell, which triggered the poet's deep reflection. Why does it provoke the poet to ponder?
Qiu Zhao'ao explained in the Detailed Notes on Du Shi:
Shu Ren Shi Shi Zhi: Shi Shi has sound and sound, and he has a sense of fate. For example, the monk of Xiangyan swept the temple one day, and the rubble struck the bamboo, and suddenly realized. Another example is that Daowu heard the witch blowing the horn and glanced at the big province. This depends on the voice and the person who is aware of it also. The poems are thought-provoking, and they are also derived from the hearers.
Sound, sound, fate, hearing sound, and arousing people's vigilance, as to whether the poet is deeply contemplative about life or Zen, we don't know.
Conclusion
The first couplet of this poem uses a futuristic narrative, the middle of the second couplet is written against the battle, and the tail link triggers the end of the association.
"You Longmen Fengxian Temple" is the work of Du Fu (712 AD - 770 AD) after the twenty-fourth year of the new century (736), when Du Fu was only 24 years old, it can be seen that this poem received a lot of influence from the poems of the Six Dynasties.
At this time, the Tang Dynasty had been in peace for a long time, and the young Du Fu had not yet had the experience of breaking up the country and dispersing his family, so there was no particularly profound meaning in his poems. It is very suitable for people of our time to learn how Du Fu wrote peacetime poetry.
@Old Street Taste
Strange sentences are right, Sangma deep rain dew swallow finches are half-generated, Du Fu's two poems are right?