What are the most famous meals in Chinese history?
There are many versions of the answers to this question online, and everyone has their own answer in mind. But no matter what, the Hongmen Banquet will be at the top of the list with "the most murderous meal".
"Hongmen Feast" was selected as a middle school textbook, and it was selected from the "History of Xiang Yu Benji". Xiang Yu was furious because Liu Bang's subordinate Zuo Sima Cao reported that "Pei Gong wants Wang Guanzhong, so that the children and babies are in phase, and the treasures are all there", and plans to "dan ri feast on the soldiers, in order to break the Pei Gong army!" Xiang Yu did not expect that his uncle Xiang Bo had told Liu Bang the news, so Liu Bang did not wait for Xiang Yu to move, and he went to Xiang Camp early to plead guilty. During the banquet that intended to kill Liu Bang, Liu Bang relied on his three-inch incorruptible tongue, Zhang Liang's agility and composure, and Fan Duo's loyalty and bravery, turned the crisis into safety, and successfully escaped and returned to the camp. The storyline has ups and downs, vivid and vivid images, well-organized and rigorous, and concise and beautiful language.
Why xiang Yu would be so angry after listening to Cao Wuxian's words that "Pei Gong wants Wang Guanzhong", but also from Chen Sheng's Wu Guang uprising.
In 209 BC, Chen Sheng and Wu Guangzexiang revolted, setting off an anti-Qin upsurge, and various localities responded, the strongest of which were Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu's uncles and nephews. In order to increase their legitimacy, they embraced the grandson of King Huai of Chu as the King of Chu. Liu Bang's strength was weak at first, and in order to survive, he not only did not turn to Xiang Liang.
After Xiang Liang was killed by Zhang Handan, Xiang Yu's ferocious side gradually revealed, from King Huai to the soldiers were very afraid of him. And Liu Bang is very popular, and he knows people well and is good at his duties, and he quickly grew in.
When he heard the news that King Zhao, who was besieged by Zhang Handan, asked king Huai of Chu for help, Xiang Yu, who was bent on avenging his uncle Xiang Liang, asked xiang Yu to go to war. King Huai of Chu asked Xiang Yu to relieve the siege of the Zhao state and turn to Xianyang to attack. He also sent Liu Bang to attack from the other direction, and agreed with the two men: "Whoever enters Xianyang first will be crowned king." ”
Xiang Yu killed his superior, Song Yi, and "broke the cauldron and sank the boat" to break the 300,000 Qin army. After that, he attacked the city and plundered the land all the way, but when he reached Hangu Pass himself, he found that Liu Bang's army was guarding, and Liu Bang had already entered Xianyang and accepted the surrender of the Prince of Qin. Coupled with Cao's harmless whistleblowing, how could Xiang Yu not be angry.
At this time, Xiang Yu's adviser Fan Zeng came out again: "Liu Bang, this boy, has always been greedy for money and lustful. This time into Xianyang, but it is unusual, it can be seen that he is not small in ambition. I let people see his weather, the future will be the day, or seize the time to eliminate him! ”
How Xiang Bo met Liu Bang, how he was fooled by Liu Bang into becoming a relative, and how to speak for Liu Bang in front of Xiang Yu after he returned, I will not say more here, let's look at the banquet part together.
Confucius said, "If the seat is not right, do not sit." "It can be seen that the ranking of seats is in the minds of Chinese. In the "Feast of the Hongmen Gate", Sima Qian does not write about the staggering of the banquets, but highlights the ranking of seats, which shows his acceptance of Confucius's ideas. "King Xiang stayed with Pei Gong and drank on the same day. Xiang Wang and Xiang Bodong sat in the east direction; Ya Father sat in the south direction - Ya Father, Fan Zengye; Pei Gong sat in the north direction, and Zhang Liangxi sat in the west direction. ”
Who arranged this seat, I personally think it is Fan Zeng. Xiang Yu grinned widely and wouldn't pay attention to these things. Of course, Fan Zeng could not but respect Xiang Yu, he was his own boss, and naturally he wanted to rank their uncles and nephews in the most honorable face. He thought that he was of a higher status than Liu Bang, and during the banquet, Liu Bang would not be able to save his life, there was no need to treat guests, he lined up below him, he sat south, and Liu Bang sat north. As for Zhang Liang, a young man, if he didn't look at Xiang Bo's face, let him go out, and reluctantly arranged a west-facing position for a squire.
Fan Zeng not only arranged the seats, but also the general director of the banquet. He gave Xiang Yu a look many times, and frequently held up the jade he was wearing, so that Xiang Yu could kill Liu Bang. But the male number one Xiang Yu was "silent." ”
Fan Zeng couldn't do anything, so he started the second set of plans and went out to call "Xiang Zhuang came in and danced the sword." Unexpectedly, halfway through, Xiang Bo wanted to dance with Xiang Zhuang, during which he also "often covered Pei Gong with his wings, and Zhuang could not strike." ”
Liu Bang is definitely the best actor, and his emotional intelligence is also explosive. Originally, he had come to apologize, as long as Xiang Yu could not be angry, he could do anything, it didn't matter where he sat, the main thing was to return to his home quickly and safely. Seeing Xiang Zhuang come in and dance the sword, the sword and sword wanted to take their own lives, and they were scared enough. Fortunately, last night, xiang bo and Xiang Bo formed a family, and Xiang Bo not only wanted to return Zhang Liang's life-saving grace, but also considered his daughter's future happiness, so he got up and danced with Xiang Zhuang and used his body to protect Liu Bang.
Although Zhang Liang was young, he could come from an aristocratic background, received good education and training, and received the secret tradition of Huang Shigong, so he naturally had insight into everything in front of him. The seat was close to the door, so he took advantage of everyone's lack of attention, went out of the tent door to the camp gate to find Fan Duo, introduced him to the situation at that time, and let him break into the tent to break through the siege. What Fan Duo did and said after entering should be explained by Zhang Liang, otherwise Fan Duo's insight could not be said: "King Huai and the generals made an appointment: 'The king who breaks qin first into Xianyang'..." and so on.
Of course, Fan Huan was also loyal and brave enough, and in Xiang Yu's camp, he had the courage to use his shield to knock down the guards of the crossover, eat raw elbows, drink a lot of wine, and then get Xiang Yu's appreciation and sit down.
Liu Bang ate this meal, repeatedly frightened, really can't stand it, got up to the toilet, Zhang Liang and Fan Duo hurried out. Xiang Yu didn't care, he just asked the governor Chen Ping to follow him out to see, he didn't know that Chen Ping was also Liu Bang's little brother. Fan Zeng was angry, and Xiang Bo was tired and gasping.
Liu Bang really wanted to go home, but he was afraid of being rude. Fan Huan said, "Everyone's knife is on our neck, what else do we say?" Liu Bang's escapist nature was exposed, and in order not to let people notice, he only took Fan Duo with 4 people, and only he rode alone. Zhang Liang took the gifts prepared by Liu Bang and left them to apologize.
"Hongmen Feast" has been loved by literature and artists since the Han Dynasty, not only has many literary works, but also has been compiled into operas, and has also been carved into portrait bricks, which is also a good material for painters. I have seen the "Hongmen Banquet" collected in the Luoyang Ancient Tomb Museum, the "Hongmen Banquet" portrait stone collected in the Nanyang Han Painting Museum, the Gongbi painting "Hongmen Banquet" created by the famous Gongbi Heavy Color Character Painting Master Liu Lingcang, and the oil painting "Chu Han Rivalry - Hongmen Banquet" created by Professor Wang Hong of tsinghua Academy of Fine Arts, as well as the movie "Legend of Hongmen Banquet", which have all expressed this theme, each with its own characteristics.
In the "Exhibition of Ancient Chinese Food Culture" held at the National Museum, there is a scene of "Hongmen Banquet Scene Restoration", which is the most faithful to the original text I have ever seen. Do you have a sense of hutong, welcome to criticize the guidance.
(Some pictures from the Internet)