In the sixth year of Jianxing of the Shu Han Dynasty (228 AD), Cao Pi died and Cao Rui succeeded to the throne. Zhuge Liang believed that after several years of preparations, the country had been stabilized, and the grain and grass were sufficiently prepared, so he officially sent troops to the State of Wei. This was the first military operation of the Shu Han Dynasty in the Northern Expedition to the Central Plains. The Wei general Jiang Wei surrendered, causing the three counties of Longyou, Nan'an, Tianshui, and Anding, to surrender to the Shu army.
The news reached Luoyang, and the Cao Wei court was "fearful of the government and the opposition". Sima Wang Lang volunteered to make Cao Zhen the governor of Dadu, with Guo Huai as his deputy general and his own military division, sending troops to resist. Cao Rui is accurate.
Zhuge Liang and Wang Lang's confrontation, the novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" the ninety-third time described this process in detail.
The drums of the three armies were over, and Situ Wang Lang came out on horseback. The upper head was the governor Cao Zhen, and the lower head was the deputy governor Guo Huai; the two pioneers suppressed the angle. Before the spies left the army, they shouted, "Please answer the main general!" "Only to see the opening of the Shu Bingmen Banner, Guan Xing and Zhang Bao came out left and right, and immediately on both sides; the next team of Xiao xiao would be divided; under the shadow of the door banner, a four-wheeled vehicle in the center, Kong Mingduan sat in the car, the lun towel lupine, plain clothes, floating out. Kong Ming raised his eyes to see the first three covers of the Wei Front, and the name of the big book on the banner: The Old Man with White Hair in the Center, who was a military division and Situ Wang Lang. Kong Ming secretly wondered: "Wang Lang will give words, and I should respond to them randomly." So he taught the cart to go out of the battle, and ordered the small colonel of the guard army to say: "Han Cheng Xiang and Situ talk." Wang Lang rode out. Kong Ming surrendered his hand in the car, and Lang immediately responded.
Wang Lang said, "I have long heard of Mr. Kong Ming's name, and I have only seen it today. Sir knows both the Mandate of Heaven and the affairs of the times, so why is there a nameless soldier? ”
Zhuge Liang replied, "I was instructed to beg thieves, so why did you talk about soldiers without names?" ”
Wang Lang said, "The number of days has changed, and the artifact is easier, and it is natural to return to a virtuous person." Since Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling, the world has been in chaos, first the Yellow Turban Army rebelled, and then Dong Zhuo plotted rebellion, Yuan Shu, Yuan Shao, Liu Biao, and Lü Bu were dominant; everywhere there was war and wolf smoke, social danger eggs, and people were ruined. I Taizu Wu Emperor (Cao Cao), sweeping Liuhe and volume eight wildernesses; all the people look up to virtue, and the destiny of heaven is returned. Emperor Shizu Wen (曹丕), the Divine Divine Martial, is not this the providence of the human heart? Mr. Heaven and Earth, how to do something against heaven and against human feelings? The ancients said, 'Those who go along with the heavens prosper, and those who go against the heavens perish.' 'Now, we are a million people with a million armor and a thousand good generals. Forgive you for being a shu country, what can you do? Wouldn't it be a very good thing for the gentleman to turn his back and remove his armor and surrender with Lilly and not lose his position as marquis? ”
Zhuge Liang laughed and said, "I thought that the Great Elder Yuanchen of the Han Dynasty would definitely have a high opinion, but I didn't expect that the words you said made me feel disgusted!" I tell you, after the Yellow Turban, Dong Zhuo rioted, rotten wood became an official, between the temples, animals and animals ate Lu; now above the temple, there are all the people with wolf hearts and dogs and lungs, and the slaves and concubines. As a result, the ruins of the society are ruined. Do you think I don't know your bottom line? You live on the coast of the East China Sea, and you enter the world with filial piety; you should have been able to rejuvenate Liu, but you who ate the king's lu, but you helped the rebels and conspired to usurp the throne! Your own sins are so deep that heaven and earth will not tolerate it! Don't you know? All the people of the world want to eat your flesh and drink your blood! Fortunately, God did not intend to exterminate the Han Dynasty, and I Emperor Zhaolie inherited the Han family. Today, at the behest of the heir apparent, I will raise up the teacher and seek the thief. Since you have become a defiant minister and are living in the world, you should find a rat hole to hide and survive. Now that you are shameless, do you dare to run out openly, talk to me about the number of days, and persuade me to surrender? You're already a white-haired old thief and won't live for a few days! After you die, what face do I see you have to meet the twenty-four emperors of the Han Dynasty? Do you think I have so much work to fool around with you? I have nothing to say to you, an old thief who is struggling! Flash aside, let Cao Zhen and I compete in wisdom and strategy! ”
Wang Lang listened, filled his chest with anger, shouted, and crashed to death under his horse.
First, the cause of Wang Lang's death
To tell the truth, as the subject said, "In this paragraph of zhuge liang and Wang Lang's confrontation, Wang Lang said that the sentences were incisive and the words were reasonable, so why did he lose in the end?" "I think there are several reasons.
1, Wang Lang said the result, Zhuge Liang said the righteousness
Wang Lang persuaded Zhuge Liang as a scholar from the perspective of the wheel of history to advance, "The number of days has changed, the artifact is easier, and it is natural to return to a virtuous person."
Zhuge Liang, on the other hand, appeared as a defender of the orthodoxy of the Han Dynasty, so he said, "I thought that the great old ruler of the Han Dynasty must have a high opinion, and I would expect to make such a contemptuous remark!" ”
2, Wang Lang regarded the Cao family as orthodox, and Zhuge Liang regarded the Liu family as orthodox
Wang Lang used "Dong Zhuo, Yuan Shu, Yuan Shao, Liu Biao, Lü Bu and thieves, adulterous males and other chaos" to reflect the Cao family's ten thousand surnames, and the destiny of heaven returned. But he forgot one thing, Cao Cao did not do it for the sake of the Han Dynasty, nor for the sake of the common people to live and work in peace and contentment, but "blackmailed the Son of Heaven to order the princes" and controlled the Han court of the Liu family. In fact, Cao Cao and Dong Zhuo, Yuan Shu, Yuan Shao, Liu Biao, and Lü Bu were the same people.
Therefore, Zhuge Liang began with "After the Yellow Turban, Dong Zhuo, Dai, And Feng rose up one after another, abducted the Han Emperor, and brutalized the living beings." That is to say, Cao Cao, like Dong Zhuo, Li Dai, Guo Feng, Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu, Liu Biao, and others, just changed his ways. Therefore, "the people with the hearts and lungs of the wolves are rolling in the way, and the slaves and the slaves are in charge."
3, Wang Lang bitterly mouthed, Zhuge Liang sneered at each other
Wang Lang pretended to be bitter and advised Zhuge Liang, "Sir, through heaven and earth, you should know the truth that 'those who follow the heavens will prosper, and those who oppose the heavens will perish', and if you fight with me in the Great Wei Kingdom, you will kill yourself, it is better to surrender early, you yourself can be a high-ranking official, and the people can also live and work in peace and contentment." ”
When Wang Lang said this, he just forgot one thing, that is, he himself had been reading the sages, was a Minister of the Han Dynasty, and now became a "rebel" of the Han Chamber who helped the Cao family to aid and abett the abuse, and was not qualified to persuade others at all.
Therefore, Zhuge Liang confronted Wang Lang's situation and said, "Do you think I don't know your details?" You have been officials and eunuchs of the Han Dynasty for generations, eating the meals of the Han Dynasty and drinking the water of the Han Dynasty, and you have helped the rebels to usurp the throne, and now you have persuaded me to surrender. You're so old, you're going to die in a few days. After you die, when you see the emperors of the Han Dynasty, what should you say? What about your skin? ”
4, Wang Lang is old and weak, and Zhuge Liang is full of spirit
Zhuge Liang shook out Wang Lang's roots, and Wang Lang, who was 76 years old at the time, could not have been particularly tough in his body. Moreover, he was a scholar in his bones, and since he had read the book of Kong Meng, how could he not understand the truth of "eating the king's lu and being loyal to the king"? After eating the meals of the Han room for so many years, and now helping a usurper of the Cao family to persuade others to surrender, let Zhuge Liang expose the old bottom, where will his old face go? Coupled with old age and physical decline, there must be some diseases common to the elderly, and after giving birth to such an atmosphere, how could he not die?
5, the duel between the two is actually the collision of knowledge and experience, books and practice
In Wang Lang's subconscious view, Zhuge Liang was nothing more than a mountain man, there was no real talent at all, but he was lucky enough to help Liu Bei occupy a piece of land. With his ability to learn from everyone, cao wei as a great situ, came forward to persuade Zhuge Liang to surrender, this is a matter of hand to hand, there should be no suspense. As he boasted in front of Cao Zhen and Guo Huai: "In the coming day, we can strictly reorganize the team and display the flag." The old man came out on his own, using only one word, disciplined Zhuge Liang to surrender, and the Shu soldiers retreated without a fight. ”
But now, Zhuge Liang was not as easy to deal with as he thought.
Wang Lang is talking about the general trend of history, and Zhuge Liang is talking about being loyal to the king and loving the country. Wang Lang said that the Cao family was orthodox; Zhuge Liang said that the Cao family was a chaotic thief, and the Liu family was the root of Miao Hong's continuation of the orthodoxy of the Han Dynasty.
That is to say, Wang Lang and Zhuge Liang were two people, one was a great Confucian at that time, one was a ruling country; one was a scholar with the level of an expert and professor; and the other was a military expert who became famous after living in the mountains and forests. According to the current saying, Wang Lang is a university professor, and Zhuge Liang is a mountain village man without any diploma, but he has the good recipe of the world through the heavens and the earth, and the real ability to expand the territory.
Second, this scolding war is a historical oolong
This public case should be a fabrication of the author of the novel. Zhuge Liang and Wang Lang do not seem to have intersected in history, and may not have even met at all. However, Wang Lang was indeed an old minister of the Han Dynasty, and he was also a very influential scholar at that time. Later, he led troops to resist Sun Ce, and was captured and exiled. Later, he returned to the State of Wei. He died in 228 AD. His granddaughter married Sima Zhao, who gave birth to Sima Yan.
Third, why did the Romance of the Three Kingdoms write this story
Although we do not know why the author of the novel specifically invented this absurd story, there is no doubt that Mr. Luo Guanzhong, who is known as the "king of ancient Chinese novels", and Zhuge Liang in the book are also a big cultural person without an "official diploma". This may be the reason why he inadvertently attaches his thoughts to Zhuge Liang in the novel.
Luo Guanzhong's father was a silk merchant, he began to study the Four Books and Five Classics in a private school at the age of 7, and his mother died of illness at the age of 14, dropping out of school to do business with his father. But he was not interested in business, so his father let him learn from Zhao Baofeng and later studied under Shi Nai'an. But Luo Guanzhong's favorites are storytellers and playwrights, and they are like-minded. Although he wrote a lot of books, he was still a cultural person who was not recognized by the mainstream of society. This is very similar to Zhuge Liang's identity as a "mountain village man".
Wang Lang, on the other hand, was a scholar of the Han and Wei dynasties. According to the current parlance, it is an expert and professor who is unparalleled in the field of classics, and the standard is a high-level intellectual who is regarded as a leader by the mainstream of society.
In the novel, Luo Guanzhong asks Zhuge Liang to scold Wang Lang to death, which obviously has the meaning of mocking those who have cultural knowledge but have no good prescription for the world. At the same time, it is also to tell the world that fame does not necessarily have a level, and a high culture does not necessarily have ability. Only by combining book knowledge with social practice can we help the people of the world and the country. And those cultural people who are not recognized by mainstream society but do have real talent and practical learning may be the mainstay of this society.