Fort Mecklenburg, Pomerania
Miklenburg and Pomerania belonged to Germany and Poland, but historically had closer ties to northern Europe.
I. The Fort Mycklenburg Family:
The Miklenburg family, a branch of the West Slavs: the Obaudrits, later Germanized, ruled northeastern Germany until 1918, at the end of World War I, and was one of the longest-reigning families in Europe.
The first Marquis was Nicklot, who ascended the throne in 1130, father and son, and later took over by the House of Micklenburg, known as the Marquis of Micklenburg.
Founded in the twelfth century by Pribislav, the Mycklenburg family converted to Christianity and became the Duke of Saxony, Heinrich I (1142–1180), thus becoming lord of Myclonburg (meaning "Great Fortress"). Subsequently, this family became Germanic.
After 1225, roughly at the same time as the first Mongol expedition to the west, the Mycklenburg family was divided into four major systems.
In 1348, the Marquis of Micklenburg was upgraded to the Duchy of Micklenburg-Schweilin, the first duke was Albrecht II, who was the son of Heinrich II, Marquis of Mücklenburg, and after his first title as duke, his three sons, Heinrich III, Albrecht III, and Magnus I, succeeded to the throne.
Among them, the second son, Albrecht III, was King Albrecht I of Sweden from 1364 to 1389.
Albrecht III, c. 1338 to 1412, lived to be seventy-four years old, King of Sweden (reigned 1364–1389), Duke of Myclund-Schwerin (reigned 1384–1412).
He was the second son of Albrecht II, Duke of Mücklenburg-Schweilern, and Ofemia Erixdorta. Ofemia Erixdorta was a sister of King Magnus IV of Sweden, i.e., Albrecht III was the nephew of Magnus IV.
In 1363, members of the Swedish Council of Nobility, led by Borusson, fled to Fort Mecklenburg. They were expelled from the country for rebelling against King Magnus IV of Sweden. Albrecht III, at the request of the Swedish nobles, invaded Sweden. On 18 February 1364, he was crowned King of Sweden.
The two kings stood side by side, nephew and uncle, and the two camps fought a civil war that lasted for eight years. Magnus IV's second son, King Haakon VI of Norway, supported Magnus IV's army and in 1365 fought Albrecht III at Nköping, where Magnus IV was defeated and captured.
After the war, King Valdemar IV of Denmark stepped in to help Magnus IV's side, which was unpopular throughout Sweden because Albrecht III reused German bureaucrats in the Swedish provinces.
Thus, with the support of Swedish peasants and Danish troops, King Haakon VI of Norway fought back and besieged Stockholm in 1371, with Albrecht III defeating the Combined Norwegian-Danish Army. A peace treaty was then signed, which led to the release of Magnus IV and his permission to go into exile in Norway.
Although Albrecht III retained the Swedish throne, he vowed to make a major concession, ceding power to the Council of Nobility. Bo Johnson, who had ascended to the throne, occupied more than a thousand farms and became the largest landowner in Sweden, controlling one-third of the country.
Albrecht III, who reigned king in Sweden for 19 years, but western Sweden did not recognize his rule, and when Albrecht III tried to reduce the large estates of the Swedish nobility, he also lost support in the capital Stockholm. In 1389, faced with the loss of land and wealth, the Swedish Council of Nobility turned to support Haakon VI's wife, Queen Margaret I of Denmark, and asked her to send troops to drive out Albrecht III. Margaret I sent an army, and his cousin and cousin fought, and in February 1389, the Danish army defeated and captured Albrecht at the Battle of Osler. Albrecht III was deposed and imprisoned at Lindehor Castle in scania for six years. Albert III was released in 1395, he agreed to abandon Stockholm within three years, and in 1398, the agreement came into force and Alborough III left Sweden to grant Stockholm to Margaret I.
Fortunately, Albrecht III inherited the Duchy of Mycklenburg-Schwerin in 1384, so he returned there and died in 1412.
In 1359, Albert married Richard Diss in Schweiring, and the two had a son and a daughter;
Richard Diss died in 1377. In 1396, Albert married Agnes of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and their only son was Albrecht V, Duke of Mücklenburg-Schweiring.
In 1610, the Duchy of Fort Mücklenburg-Schweilern was divided into the Duchy of Mycklenburg-Güstrow.
In 1658, the Principalities of Micklenburg-Miro, Micklenburg-Grappeau, and Micklenburg-Strellitz were divided.
In 1692, the Duchy of Myclenburg-Schwerin was extinct, and the Duchy of Fort Mycklumber merged to form a new and expanded version of the Duchy of Miklenburg-Schweilin.
By the late eighteenth century, the countries of the House of Mickellenberg had merged into two major states:
Micklenburg-Schweilin
Mücklenburg-Strellitz
As a result of their recognition at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, they were all upgraded to Grand Duchies until 1918.
On July 31, 2001, frederick Franz, hereditary Grand Duke of the Mücklenburg-Schweilering family, died, and the male lineage of the Mücklenburg-Schweilern family was severed, and he was the eldest son and heir of the last Grand Duke Frederick Franz IV.
The Micklenburg-Schweilering family, with only a femininity, is the two daughters of The Duke Christian Ludwig, the second son of the last Grand Duke Frederick Franz IV, duchess of Donata (born 1956) and Edwina (born 1960).
The Mikrenborg-Strelli family continues, with the current patriarch being Paulvi, whose children include the Duchess of Olga (born 1988), the Duke of Alexandria (born in 1991), and Michael (born in 1994). Ballwell's sisters include Duchess Elizabeth Kristin (b. 1947), Mary Catherine (b. 1949), and Irene (b. 1952).
The country ruled by the Millenburg family
Fort Mycklum (1167–1918)
Mücklenburg-Stagard (1348–1471)
Micklenburg-Schweilin (1352–1918)
Mücklenburg-Güstrow (1621–1701)
Mücklenburg-Stralitz (1701–1918)
Wühler (1235–1436)
Sweden (1364–1389)
United Baltic Principality (November 1918)
Netherlands (1948–1980)
2. Pomerania:
It means the baltic sea coast and is divided into three parts:
From the German standpoint: pre-Pomerania, post-Pomerania, far Pomerania.
From the pole's standpoint: East Pomerania, West Pomerania.
Thus, three provinces were created: the former Pomeranian in Germany, the West Coast Province in Poland, and the Prijí Province.
Pictured: The dark green range is pre-Melania, the yellow range is posterior Pomerania, and the pink range is far-Pomerania
The Germanic peoples from Scandinavia first inhabited Pomerania and were called Rukis. In 500 AD, they migrated westward, and the West Slavs took advantage of the void and took over the land, which they called the Pomeranians, a name that appeared in the tenth century.
In the late 10th century, the Polish Grand Duke Mieszko I conquered Pomerania, but they regained their independence, and in 1164, they were defeated by the Duchy of Saxony and became a vassal of the Duke Heinrich the Lion. West Pomerania, in 1181. Establishment of the Principality of Pomerania. In 1309, East Pomerania, conquered by the Teutonic Knights, became known as West Prussia. In 1466, East Pomerania, or West Prussia, was annexed to Poland, leaving only East Prussia in the Teutonic Order, becoming a vassal state of Poland.
The Griffin family ruled the Duchy of Pomerania from the 12th century until 1637. Vadysław I (died 1135), the first ruler in the history of the Pomeranian Principality, founded the Griffin family. The most famous of the Griffin family is Eric of Pomerania, who became King of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden in 1397.
King Valdemar IV of Denmark, eldest daughter Ingebo, her grandson Eric, second daughter Margaret, Queen of Denmark, after the death of her son Olaf, she passed the throne to Eric.
Eric of Pomerania, from 1382 to 1459, lived to be sixty-seven years old, and he was king of Denmark (called Eric VII), king of Norway (called Eric III), king of Sweden (called Eric XIII), and therefore he was king of the Kalmar League.
His father's family was the duke of Pomerania, so he was called Eric of Pomerania.
Eric was born in 1382 to Maria, the only living granddaughter of Valdemar IV at the time. In 1387, Olaf II, king of Denmark and Norway, died prematurely at the age of 17. A week later the Danish parliament recognized his mother Margaret as ruler at Lund Cathedral. The king of Denmark was elected at the time, and although the Norwegian throne was hereditary, in February 1388, the Norwegian parliament also elected Margaret as queen. In March 1388, the Swedish parliament also elected Margaret as queen. Margaret finally became Queen of Denmark, Sweden and Norway. In February 1389, when Margaret I finally defeated Albrecht of the House of Mikren at Skåne and seized the Swedish throne, she designated Eric as her heir. In 1396 Margaret asked the Danish and Swedish parliaments to recognize Eric as heir.
On 8 September 1397, Eric was crowned King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden in Kalmar, and the Kalmar League was formed. Margaret ceded the throne, but remained in power. The three countries that formed the Kalmar League retained different laws as well as their independent parliaments.
Kalmar Union
In October 1412, Margaret went with Eric to Flensburg to thank the local merchants for their support when they suddenly contracted the plague. On October 28, Margaret died on a boat in port. Eric, then 30 years old, became the ally of the Nordic Alliance. In addition to the three Northern European countries, his territory also included Schleswig-Holstein, Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands and the Shetland Islands.
After that, Eric often fought wars with the Counts of Holstein, which led to a major weakening of the country's economy for many years. So, in 1429, Eric introduced the Straits Passage Fee, which enriched Denmark's finances and continued to be used until 1857.
Eric's other achievement was in 1417, with the capital at Copenhagen.
The capital, Copenhagen, is located on the island of Zealand
In the 1430s, Eric's rule declined. First, in 1434, when Swedish peasants and miners rioted, the nobles everywhere used it to weaken the crown, and the nobles opposed Eric's chosen heir from Pomerania, and Eric left Denmark in a fit of rage to take up residence at a castle on Gotland. He was deposed by Sweden, Denmark and Norway in 1439, and in 1440 he was succeeded by his nephew Christopher III of Bavaria, who succeeded to the Norwegian and Danish thrones. Eric still occupied Gotland after his abdication. After the death of Christopher III in 1448, leaving no heirs, Eric's former rival, Kristian, son of the Earl of Oldenburg, was elected by the Danish nobility as heir to the throne, and he was a direct descendant of King Eric V of Denmark. Eric returned to Pomerania and succeeded him as Duke of Pomerania Słupsk, with Gotland handed over to Denmark.
Eric served as Duke of Pomerania Słupsk from 1449 until his death in 1459.
Christopher was the grandson of Ruprecht, Elector of Palatinate, the father of John, Count of Porfalz-Neumarkt, and his mother was Catalina of Pomerania, sister of Eric of Pomerania.
In 1445, Christopher married Dorothea of Brandenburg. In 1448, Christopher died suddenly in Helsingborg, and without a queen, Valdemar IV's heirs were severed. A direct descendant of King Eric V of Denmark, Christian I was elected king by the Danish nobility and asked to marry Christopher's widow, Dorothea of Brandenburg, on 28 October 1449. The Nordic countries eventually belonged to the Oldenburg family.
The last Duke of Pomerania was Bogisław XIV, who died in the Thirty Years' War, resulting in the partition of Pomerania between Brandenburg-Prussia and Sweden, which was occupied by King Gustav II of Sweden. After the war, according to the Peace of WestPhalia, Sweden received West Pomerania, while Brandenburg-Prussia received East Pomerania, or West Prussia.
Gustav II's great ideal: to form a Swedish-Polish-Finnish federation against the old power of the Danish-Norwegian federation, and the Baltic Sea became an inner lake in Sweden
In 1814, the Napoleonic Empire was overthrown, Sweden and Denmark signed the Treaty of Kiel, and Sweden received Norway, but in 1815 it ceded West Pomerania to Prussia, which meant that Sweden, a historically powerful country, withdrew from the shores of the Baltic Sea forever and became a medium-sized country, no longer a great power or hegemon.
In 1871, with the unification of Germany by Prussia, all of Pomerania came under the ownership of the German Empire.
In 1990, Germany was reunified again, and Mücklenburg and Anterior Pommerian formed the state of Micklenburg-Anterior Pommerray. There are sixteen german states, which are located in the northeast of Germany.
Sixteen german states