preface
In Weng Fanggang's "Poetry of Shizhou", a kind of poetry style is mentioned: Wuping and Wuxian. That is, in a poem, the five words are all flat sounds, or all of them are slang sounds.
This kind of poetry, which is a bit like a word game, was used by many poets in ancient times.
I. Du Fu's Five Plain Sentences and Five Servant Sentences
In the Shizhou Poetry, Weng Fanggang mentions Du Fu's Wuping Sentence, to the Five Sentences:
Ruo Duzhi [in the early morning over Lishan Mountain, The Imperial Bed is in the Crest], [Worry End Qi Zhongnan, The Cave Cannot Be Shaken], [Former Denghan Mountain Heavy, Repeatedly Drinking Horse Cave], [Crane Owl Singing Yellow Mulberry, Wild Rat Arch Chaos Cave], [Qinghui Hui Group Gulls, Twilight Belt Distant Guests], as for [Yamagata Hidden Grandeur, Wall Color Standing Iron], in the midst of the Five Levels and Five Servants, out of the fortress rhyme, and belongs to Tiancheng, non-Guan game also.
In the early morning, after passing through Lishan Mountain, the imperial bed was in the crest, the peace was flat, and it went in and out, from Du Fu's long ancient poem "From Beijing to Fengxian County Yonghuai Five Hundred Words".
The worries are in the south, the cave cannot be shaken, the peace is flat, and the upper entrance is the last two poems of "From Beijing to Fengxian County Yong Huai Five Hundred Words".
Before climbing the cold mountain heavy, repeatedly drinking horse caves, flat and flat, go into the upper and upper; the owl singing yellow mulberry, the wild rat arch chaotic cave, the flat and flat, up and up, from Du Fu's famous article "Northern Expedition"
Qinghui back to the flock of gulls, twilight with distant guests, flat and flat, go in and go in, from Du Fu's "Stone Pavilion"
Yamagata Hides magnificent, the wall color is erected with iron, flat and flat, into the in, from Du Fu's "Tietang Gorge"
These few poems of Du Fu are all out of five flat voices, and the five words of the opposite sentence are all servant sounds. Weng Fanggang said that Du Fu's use of this sentence pattern is natural, not a word game.
2. The whole passage begins in the Tang Dynasty Pi Ri Xiu Tortoise Meng
Du Fu's poem is a sentence with several quanping or quanquan in one piece. This kind of sentence was very common during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. As for when did the poem begin?
Yan Yu of the Southern Song Dynasty, in the "Canglang Poetry", the poems of Quanping can be traced back to at least to the late Tang Dynasty Tortoise Meng:
There are those whose whole words are flat (the four crosses of Tiansuizi's "Summer Poem" are flat, and there is a sentence of full peace and a full sentence), and there are those who are all voices (Mei Shengyu's poem "Drinking Wine and Women's Drinking" is also)
Tian Suizi, is the number of tortoise Meng, "Summer Idle House Four Voices Poems Sending Beauty and Pingsheng"
The Arashi pond is deep and the idle berries are flat. There are many pines along the river, and people have clear curtains.
Compiled for Shu Ling's legacy, tuning the strings to exaggerate new sounds. Although the way to seek pleasure is special, it is pleasant to explore and chat.
This group of poems was written for his friend Pi Rixiu. Pi Ri Xiu character attacked the United States, the road number Lu Menzi. After he received this group of poems, he also drew gourds to reward his friends, "Reward Lu Wang's Summer Poems and Pingsheng":
Tangping hibiscus is low, and the garden is high. The smoke is buried in the sun, and the blue sky contains autumn.
The crown tilts and moves the hairpin, and the dry cup will be spoiled. At any time, Fu Jun Zhen Wu Cao.
Third, the whole text of Mei Yaochen's five servants
Yan Yu said that the whole poem had a whole body in the early Days of the Northern Song Dynasty.
There are all the words of the voice (Mei Shengyu's poem "Drinking Wine and Women's Drinking" is also)
Cai Jing's son Cai Qi (蔡绦) once wrote the "Poetry of the Western Qing Dynasty", which wrote the story of Mei Yaochen's five-body poem:
Yan Yuan dedicated himself to Ruyin, and Mei Shengyu went to see him from the capital to talk about the ancient and modern poetry system. Saint Yu will go, the public placed on the wine Yinghe River, because the ancient and modern chapters and sentences all use flat voices, make the word stable, if the gods cast ghosts, such as "dry mulberry knows the heavenly wind" is also, hate not see the side character poem.
Saint Yu led the boat and made a five-sided body to send the public: the moonrise broke the shore,,,,,。 This poet is a kind of thing also.
When Yan Shu and Mei Yaochen chatted, they said that the ancients had verses that used all flat voices, such as: Kusang knows the heavenly wind. This poem is from cai yong's "Drinking Horse Great Wall Cave Line" of the Eastern Han Dynasty:
Green river grass, long thinking about the distance.
The long way is inconceivable, and suede dreamed of it.
Dreaming of being in my side, I suddenly felt that I was in another country.
He is different from one county in his hometown, and the exhibition is not visible.
[Dry mulberry knows the wind], the sea water knows the cold.
The entrance is each flattering, who is willing to talk to each other.
The guest came from afar and left me a double carp.
Hu'er cooks carp, and there is a ruler book.
Long kneeling to read a plain book, the book is like this.
There are meals on the top and memories on the bottom.
Yan Shu said that it was a pity that he did not see that the five words were all slang sentences. Speaking unintentionally, the listener was intentional, and after Mei Yaochen returned, he made a poem with five words and all words and sent it to Yan Shu.
That is, this song "Drinking with Family in the Night of the Boat":
The moonrise breaks the shore, and the shadow is not on the back.
And drinking alone with women is quite better than the layman.
The moon gradually came to my seat, and the twilight also receded slightly.
It will be a candle, and this scene is lovely.
In the poem, out, other, alone, customary, seat, candle, is the sound; the sound is gone; quite up; slightly up. The whole text is a slang word.
What Yan Yu calls "drinking wine and women's drinking" should be another version of "drinking alone with women".
4. What is Lei rhyme?
Say a few more words. Weng Fanggang said that Du Fu "out of the five levels and five servants, out of the rhyme", what does this mean?
In the Northern Song Dynasty's Taiping Guangji, the story of Emperor Liangwu's poems is recorded:
Liang Gaozu tasted the five-character rhyme: "There is a durian willow in the back." "Order the pilgrims to do it together." Liu Xiao said, "Liang Wang Chang Kang Qiang." Shen Yueyue: "Sleep on the side of the ship." Yu Shoulder Wu Said: "Carry seven every obstacle." Xu Shu said, "The subject sacrificed the Yu Temple yesterday, and the six cooked venison were left behind." He Xun used the story of Cao Cai as saying: "Yu Su Gu Kulu."
Emperor Wu of Liang's "Hou Mu has a durian willow", we can read it again, these five words are the same rhyme. Emperor Wu of Liang asked his ministers to join the poems against each other. So Liu Xiao wrote a poem: "Liang Wang Chang Kang Qiang", now we read it in Mandarin, it is also the same rhyme, and it is a five-flat body.
Yu Shoulder Wu's "Carrying Seven Every Obstacle" and Xu Shuchī's "Six Cooked Venison" are a little more difficult to understand, and these two sentences are the same rhyme words of the sound.
That is to say, the five words are all the same rhyme, which is called lei rhyme. Du Fu's "Wall Color Standing Iron" is also five rhyming words.
During the reign of Emperor Wu of Liang, although there were four voices, rhyming did not have a particularly strict rhyme book as the standard, and most of them rhymed in the pronunciation of the usual speech.
He Xun composed a poem: "暯苏姑 kulu", according to later rhyme books, is into the pingping pingping, the word 暯 is into the sound, but in the liangwu emperor period, there may be a pingsheng pronunciation.
V. The Five Pings and Five Servants of the Ming and Qing Poets
Ming Dynasty He Jingming's "Five Pings and Five Servants", the whole sentence Wuping, the opposite sentence five servants:
Akihara He Xiaoxiao, eyes and ears to go to the miscellaneous mushrooms.
The dry lotus still runs through the pond, and the bitter urn still hugs the dragon.
The cold wind blows through the forest, and the sunset shines on the ancient tomb.
Wandering and watching the traces, the dew hair suddenly wrinkled.
Qing Dynasty Wang Shulan's "Xiao Qi", out of the sentence Five Servants, to the sentence Five Ping:
The woody wild birds scattered, and the cold wind chirped.
The distant trees have not yet come out, and the heavy building mountain is sunny.
The shadows of geese outside the plug are chaotic, and the sound of reeds by the river.
There is quiet interest in Xiaoqi, and it is composed of new poems.
The Ming Dynasty Wang Shizhen's "Feeling of Twilight" uses a flat voice throughout, that is, five flat bodies:
Jiangcheng Rao was cold, and the deformity was slightly joyful.
Danqing Ci Ke Tiao, Insect Siqi Palace.
Cliff perched Xuan Frost, Dry Yang Heavenly Wind.
Shen Shen Ice House Fish, Cocoon Chuan Tu Hong.
As the age goes by, the end of the day.
The decline of the qi is thousands of ends, dazed and retreating.
Wen Zhen is a face, and his beard is red.
Ning Ru was lifeless, and the cause of the group's worries was empty.
Conclusion
Weng Fanggang said that Wang Shizhen has five flat body and five servant body poems, which is almost a word game. So it was done with the heart:
Yuyang is close to the game with five flat and five servant bodies, which specifically refers to those who have the heart to do it.
And Du Fu did not do it intentionally, in the long ancient poems, there are occasionally five flat sentences, five sentences, which are naturally sung. Lao Jie feels that it is not necessary, the first sentence is five flat, the next sentence is five servants, it should also be intentional.
However, Du Fu's occasional intentions were different from Mei Yaochen Wang Shizhen's five flat or five servants. The latter is closer to word games.
@Old Street Taste
Weng Fanggang said that the law of the grid is still non-law, and it is not necessary to distinguish it so clearly