Founded by Tianxuan, a former national defense university teacher and military history expert, "Heavenly Selection Miscellaneous Talks" welcomes attention and takes you into the wonderful world of military history
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the land of China was surging with wind and clouds, and the flocks of heroes were chasing deer, and whoever had high wisdom and strategy could often be superior to others, thus dominating the world, and Jin Wengong of the Jin State was a very wise person.
In the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Chu and the State of Jin were one of the most powerful countries at that time, and the monarch of the State of Chu at that time was King Cheng of Chu, who on the one hand wanted to show his great strength to the State of Jin, but he was unwilling to collide head-on with the State of Jin, and after careful consideration, decided to kill the chicken to show the monkey and take the Song State, an ally of the Jin State, to open the knife.
King Cheng of Chu sent some troops from the four states of Chen, Cai, Zheng, and Xu, an ally of the Chu state, and sent the general Cheng Dechen to lead these soldiers and horses to attack the Song state, and in the face of the powerful Chu alliance, Song Xianggong hurriedly sent his son Song Chenggong to the Jin state to ask for help, and the Jin Wengong summoned the ministers to discuss, and the ministers all said:
"The State of Chu has always bullied the princes of the Central Plains, and the lord wants to help the country in difficulty and establish hegemony, and this is the time."
Because the State of Song relied on the State of Jin, Duke Wen of Jin already had the ambition to dominate the Central Plains, but Duke Wen of Jin was a man with a deep heart, and he had long seen that if he wanted to become the overlord of the Central Plains, he would have to defeat the State of Chu. The ministers strongly advocated that after sending troops, if they were defeated, they would have a way back, and if they won, they could become the overlords of the Central Plains, so he pushed the boat along the water to lead the army and went to save the Song Kingdom.
The reason why Jin Wengong sent troops to create a big momentum was to show strength, on the other hand, he still wanted to let the world know that he was still very responsible, but Jin Wengong did not want to fight with the Chu state and lose both, he decided to first take the two small states of the Chu state that were attached to the Chu state, in 632 BC, the Jin army laid down the two small states that belonged to the Chu state, cao guo and Wei guo, and captured the monarchs of both countries.
Duke Wen of Jin personally led a large army to greet the State of Chu, which surprised King Cheng of Chu, who originally did not want to fight with Jin Wen, and when he heard that the State of Jin was sending troops, he immediately sent someone to order Cheng Dechen to retreat. However, Cheng Dechen thought that the Song Kingdom could be taken down sooner or later, and refused to give up halfway. He sent his men to say to King Cheng of Chu:
"Although I dare not say that I will win the battle, I must also fight to the death."
The so-called general was not subject to the foreign king's order, and The resistance order of Cheng Dechen was very unhappy, so King Chu Cheng ordered that a small part of the army be left under the command of Cheng Dechen, and the other troops withdrew, so that the army of the Jin state had an absolute advantage. Therefore, after Cheng Dechen weighed it up repeatedly, he sent someone to inform the Jin army that they would release the monarchs of Wei and Cao.
Cheng Dechen wanted to play politics with Jin Wengong, but that was far from it, and the succession of Jin Wengong was because politics was played well, and he secretly informed the two monarchs, promising to restore their thrones, but asked them to break off diplomatic relations with the Chu state first. Under the coercion and inducement of Jin Wengong, Cao and Wei really did what Jin Wengong wanted.
Cheng Dechen originally wanted to save these two countries, but they came first to break off relations with the Chu state. This time, he was so angry that his feet jumped straight. He shouted, "This is clearly what this old thief forced them to do." Annoyed and angry, he even ordered a battle with the Jin army in spite of the current situation that the enemy was strong and we were weak. Who knew that as soon as the Chu army marched, Jin Wengong immediately ordered it to retreat, and the Jin army had heavy troops in hand and could have crushed the Chu army, but Jin Wengong repeatedly retreated but did not want to fight. Many generals in the Jin army could not think of it, saying:
"Our commander is the monarch, and the other side is the courtier who leads the army, so where is the monarch who makes the courtiers rational?"
Duke Wen of Jin's favorite courtier, Hu Yan, explained:
"To fight a war, we must first rely on reason, and we must be strong and strong." At the beginning, the king of Chu had helped the lord, and the lord promised in front of the king of Chu: If the two countries were at war, the Jin state was willing to retreat. Today's retreat is to fulfill this promise. If we lose faith in the Chu state, then we will lose money. We retreated, and if they didn't give up and press forward step by step, it was because they had lost, and it was not too late for us to fight them again. ”
To say that the feud between Jin Wengong and the Chu state has to start from the Jin Xiangong, jin xiangong was the monarch of the Jin state in the Spring and Autumn Period, but at the same time he was also a emperor, in order to make his favorite concubine's son the prince, he killed the prince Shen Sheng, and also prepared to put Shen Sheng's younger brother heavy ear to death, after receiving this news, he had to escape from the Jin state and live a life of exile.
At that time, many small countries did not dare to take in heavy ears, and heavy ears had to come to the powerful state of Chu at that time, and King Chu Cheng attached great importance to him. One day, King Chu Cheng asked The Heavy Ear:
"If you returned to the Jin Dynasty one day and became the monarch, how would you repay me?"
Heavy Ear thought for a moment and said:
"The great king has no shortage of people to serve you, nor is there a shortage of gold and silver treasures, and the Chu kingdom is rich in products, and rare beasts are everywhere, and I can't think of anything I can offer to the king."
King Chu Cheng said, "You are too modest. That's true, but you can't always be without a little expression, right? ”
Zhong'er smiled and replied, "If I can really return to the Jin Dynasty and become a monarch, then I am willing to live in harmony with the Chu State." If one day there is a war between the Jin and Chu states, then I will definitely order the Jin army to retreat to Sanshe (one house is equal to thirty miles), and if you cannot forgive me at that time, I will fight you again. ”
Four years later, Zhong'er returned to the Jin Dynasty as the monarch, that is, the historical Duke Wen of Jin, and when Fox Yan said this, he calmed the resentment of the Jin generals. In this way, the Jin army retreated ninety miles and stopped at Chengpu (城濮, in present-day southwest of Juancheng, Shandong). The Chu army saw the Jin army retreating, thinking that the other side was afraid, and hurried to pursue. The Jin army lured the enemy to go deeper, concentrated its forces to defeat the Chu army, and won the victory in the Battle of Chengpu, after which all the generals praised the heroism of the lord, and later the Jin Wengong became the overlord of the Central Plains.
This is the story of the idiom "retreating from three retreats", which not only reflects the quality of Jin Wengong's honesty, but also reflects his unhurried personality in the face of trouble, which is worth learning.
As part of the long history and culture of our Chinese nation, idioms are also the treasures of the Chinese library. It has rich connotations, far-reaching meaning, and is catchy to read, while the idiom story is vivid and condensed, the image is clear, witty and ethical, and contains a wealth of knowledge and truth.
No matter which child, they like to listen to stories. Many idioms come from fables, myths and legends, and historical legends, which are not only vivid plots but also profound meanings. Psychologists have found that the most receptive thing for children is the story. I think that if you tell a vivid and interesting story, you can explain a truth, express an opinion, and state a point of view, so that they can be inspired and hinted in the process of listening to the story, and understand the charm of Chinese culture from it.