Through the interpretation of ancient life through literary and artistic works such as costume film and television works and novel reviews, I believe that everyone is not unfamiliar with the word "'eight hundred miles plus urgent'", but what does this ''eight hundred miles plus urgent'" mean?
Literally, the so-called eight-hundred-mile express is to drive through eight hundred miles in a day, and from a modern point of view, "eight hundred mile express" is the ancient "one-day express". In fact, ''Eight hundred mile expedited' refers to the fastest information transfer in an emergency.
"How fast is it to travel eight hundred miles a day, although it seems nothing now, but in ancient times, when traffic was extremely inconvenient, it was already a very terrible speed." The famous poet Cen Shan once described in a poem the scene of the eight-hundred-mile plus express mail station, the stagecoach passed through one post after another, like a meteor galloping on the road, and the pawn who set off from Xianyang at dawn could reach Longshantou eight hundred miles away in the evening. Cen Shan compared the stagecoach to a shooting star in the poem, which shows the amazement of the people at that time at the speed of eight hundred miles.
The mention of "eight hundred miles plus" has to mention the infrastructure that supports the speed of eight hundred miles a day - "station". In fact, whether there is a thousand-mile horse is still a question worth examining, the daily travel of eight hundred miles is not a horse running out of the working mileage, but by many fast horses in the way of relay long-distance running in stages, each to a station to change horses, continuous transmission and the role of the station is to prepare energetic fast horses to help the stagecoach to complete the relay quickly and accurately. Of course, the station is not only to help the pawn complete the relay, it also has many other functions:
Transmission documents, military documents as the first level, the superior and subordinate transmission of materials related to the military, are classified as subordinate or deferred; entertain the officials and troops who come and go; manage the commander, the pawn, the post house, the stagecoach, the stagecoach, the stagecoach, the commander of all expenditures and expenditure budgets. A small post station, at that time, was the node of the entire national information network, carrying on the upper and lower levels, and playing a big role in the transmission of information in ancient China.
The history of China's postal stations is more than 3,000 years. As early as the Qin and Han Dynasties, China established organizations to transmit information and formed a set of postal system.
During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the postal industry developed rapidly, according to the "Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty", at its peak there were more than 1,600 post stations in the country, and there were more than 20,000 people engaged in postal stations, including about 17,000 post soldiers, and there was a post station every twenty miles above the post road, and the postal station method also included water station, water and land merger and other forms.
At the beginning, Tang Xuanzong in order to satisfy Yang Guifei to eat lychees, opened up a post road to ride and transmit, eight hundred miles to send lychees from Fuling, Sichuan, 2,000 miles away, to Chang'an, lychees are not easy to preserve for three days, more than two thousand miles in three days, it can be seen that the speed of eight hundred miles at that time was fast, but it is also conceivable that countless pawns and stagecoaches were exhausted on the way.
During the Song Dynasty, the pawns were served by soldiers, and the scale was not as large as that of the Tang Dynasty, and there were "express delivery shops". The express delivery was the "eight hundred mile plus" at that time, they tied a copper bell around the neck of the stagecoach, and on the way to the post, they shook the bell during the day and held a torch at night, warning pedestrians to give way and hit and kill people. Every time I went to a station, I changed a stagecoach, and every few stations I changed a soldier, rain or shine, day and night. There are three levels of yichuan, the fastest, used to pass military documents, four hundred miles a day, and five hundred miles a day with zhu lacquer gold characters.
At that time, when Yue Wumu was in the front line to resist jin, he was forcibly recalled from Lin'an by Song Gaozong from the front line with twelve gold medals in one day, and this gold medal was the Zhu lacquer gold card transmitted by the express shop mentioned above, which means 100,000 fire urgent. The twelve gold medals that Yue Fei had received in one day on the front line could be imagined to be so fast that the merits of the post were destroyed.
In ancient times, it was generally only necessary to use eight hundred miles of urgency to deliver letters when encountering extremely urgent military information and major events related to the community, at this time, it was very common to run to the death of stagecoaches and paralyzed stagecoaches, if the stagecoach system was slightly worse, it was possible to die of fatigue, so the eight-hundred-mile expedited stagecoach and stagecoaches were carefully selected. Postal stations bear the heavy responsibility of information transmission, which is related to social welfare and has been valued by all dynasties and generations in our country. For the strict laws and regulations of the postal station, the Tang Dynasty even made detailed regulations on various matters of the post station, and if the postal station personnel made the slightest mistake, they would be held responsible and severely punished.
Some people may wonder: what should I do if I encounter robbery when I am on an eight-hundred-mile urgent mission? In history, the robbery of robbers in the eight hundred miles has rarely happened.
There are three reasons for this:
One, eight hundred miles of expedited pawns tied yellow flags around their waists, and drank in their mouths: ''Eight hundred miles of expedited! The Royal Golden Medal, the obstruction dies, the contrarian dies! Yellow is a noble color used by the royal family, and the robbers should know that it is an item transmitted by the imperial court, and the robbers, even if they have the courage, do not dare to openly oppose the imperial court.
Second, the ancient decree stipulates that if anyone dares to delay or rob urgent military documents, the crime is added to the third grade, and if it causes serious consequences, it will be directly sentenced to hanging together with the family.
Three, eight hundred miles of urgent military documents, mostly urgent, are not profitable for the robbers, and there is no need for the robbers to take risks and provoke fire.
Welcome to the officials to read, I wish you all the best in the new year, smile and smile.