"Wang Qi broke the Jing Army." In the past few years, the king of Jingjing was in charge of the sword, and the land of Jingjing was a county. The King of the Hundred Yues in the Southern Expedition. "
This passage is from the "History of The Chronicle of the White Qi Wang Qi Lie" volume 73, the so-called Jingdi, refers to the last Chu state that was destroyed by the Qin state at that time. Because Qin Shi Huang's father, King Zhuang Xiang, had changed his name to Chu, Qin Shi Huang called the Chu state "Jing" in order to avoid secrecy.
After the Qin state destroyed Chu, the tentacles were extended to the land of "Baiyue". This "Baiyue" was originally a Yue kingdom in the late Spring and Autumn Period, mainly in the current Guangdong and Guangxi regions, and the living customs and culture of these people were very different from those of the Central Plains. Although the State of Yue was once conquered by the State of Chu, the State of Chu did not have the ability to directly govern them, but only existed as a form of vassal state.
After the fall of the Chu state, according to the Book of Absolute Yue:
"Qin Shi Huang and Chu, Baiyue rebelled."
These Hundred Yue tribes were self-reliant, which was a considerable scourge in the eyes of Qin Shi Huang. Although this place is historically called the "Wild Land", if these Yue people are allowed to stand on their own, they may combine to form a larger tribe and become a force unfavorable to the Qin Dynasty.
During the conquest of Baiyue, because they lived scattered at that time, the King of Qin sent the general Tu Sui as the main general and collected 500,000 troops. Divide the forces into five roads and go south to attack Baiyue.
"It is the envoy Tu Sui who sent half a million pawns, for the fifth army, one army to plug the ridge of the city, one army to guard the nine doubts of the plug, one army to the capital of Panyu, one army to guard the boundary of the southern wilderness, and one army to balance the water."
One of them marched eastward from present-day Jiangxi to capture Dong'ou and Minyue, mainly in present-day Fujian. The road was relatively smooth, and the dispatch of troops was calmed down that year. The other four roads have suffered a big blow. Especially located in today's Guangxi "Xi'ou", a place full of mountains and mountains, full of mountain and forest beasts, except for the indigenous people who have lived for a long time, it is difficult for the Qin army to find direction.
Coupled with the inconvenience of transportation, it was difficult to deliver the transportation in time, and although the Qin army had exhausted all its strength, it was still deadlocked. In 218 BC, the Xi'ou army launched a counterattack against the Qin army, and the Qin army suffered heavy casualties, "ambushing corpses and bleeding millions"
Because the main general at that time, Tu Sui, saw that the war had not progressed for a long time, and his mood was very anxious, so he killed the red eye, and even killed innocents indiscriminately, which aroused the disgust of the local residents, and he was assassinated soon after, and the qin army's grain route was also destroyed by the Baiyue army. In this war between Qin and Baiyue, Qin can be said to have suffered heavy casualties.
"When it is, the Qin scourge is built in the north by Hu, and the south is hung in Yue, and the soldiers are useless, and then they must not retreat." "History of the Marquis of Pingjin"
The news of Tu Sui's death soon reached Qin Shi Huang, which made Qin Shi Huang angry, a small barbaric land, using half a million troops, actually suffered heavy casualties, which also made Shi Huang begin to realize the strength of these Yue people, if they are allowed to develop, it will only bring greater threat to the Qin state.
At this time, when the Qin State had just destroyed the Six Kingdoms, the Qin State had no other enemies, and Baiyue could be said to be the only target of the Qin State at that time. In order to achieve this goal, the First Emperor made great efforts, first of all, to solve the problem of grain and grass for these half a million people.
The official Shi Lu gave a brilliant idea, since the land route is not accessible, let's take the water route. He proposed that a channel could be built between Xiangshui and Lishui, and then only the grain could be transported along the channel, and the grain and grass of the Lingnan army would definitely be solved.
This made Qin Shi Huang very happy, so Shi Lu recruited 100,000 officers and farmers to dig a canal, which lasted for five years, and finally was able to make the grain ships go down the river, and the grain and grass problem was finally solved. This time, the canal was called the "Spirit Canal", and the Qin King's army was finally unstoppable and took Lingnan in one fell swoop.
"Thirty-three years (214 BC), the people of Qi, Zhao, and Jia took the land of Liang for Guilin, Xiang County, and Nanhai, in order to be suitable for the dispatch." History of Qin Shi Huang Benji, Volume VI
This battle is a famous war in history, known in history as the "Battle of Qin'ou". The most crucial condition for victory in this war is this magical "spiritual canal", which can be said to be an important channel for the introduction of Central Plains civilization to Lingnan and has become the Xiangli Corridor that nurtures the spirit of the Chinese nation. It connects the Yangtze River system and the Pearl River system, and realizes the smooth flow of north-south shipping.
The construction of this spiritual canal was not easy, and it took five years to mobilize an army of 100,000 people. Since the Baiyue people were so difficult to deal with, why did Qin Shi Huang have to deal with him? Like the Chu state of that year, wouldn't it be very good to treat it as a vassal territory?
Jia Yi commented on the King of Qin in the "Treatise on Passing the Qin" as:
"There is a heart that sweeps the world, encompasses the universe, encompasses the meaning of the four seas, and swallows the eight wildernesses"
That is to say, Qin Shi Huang's desire is far more than the Central Plains, he is a very ambitious person, and he will never give up until he reaches his goal. No matter how much money he spends, no matter how much manpower and material resources he spends, he will not hesitate to realize his desires, and he does not put the interests of the people in front at all. This is also the reason why the Qin regime was later overthrown in the second generation.
However, when the First Emperor built the Lingqu, he finally incorporated Lingnan, the "barbaric land" at that time, into the territory of China. After the death of Qin Shi Huang, these Lingnanians established the State of South Vietnam, and Zhao Tuo, a Qin officer stationed in Lingnan at that time, brought advanced Central Plains civilization into Lingnan, and the Yue gradually changed their barbaric customs and were gradually assimilated by the Han.
It was not until the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that the Han army attacked the State of South Vietnam on a large scale and destroyed it. Since then, the counties of Lingnan have been completely incorporated into the territory of China, and have never been divided since. Today, we can see that this "barbaric land" has become the most important economic development zone along the coast of our country and has made important contributions to our economy.
It can be seen that the Lingnan people, who are brave and good at war and have both wisdom and courage, successfully dragged down the Qin state in those years, and are still able to give play to their own advantages. Qin Shi Huang's desire to conquer did not succeed, but it brought misfortune to future generations.
No wonder Tai Shi Gong said, "The King of Qin cherished his greedy heart, practiced the wisdom of self-struggle, did not believe in heroes, did not be close to the people, abolished the royal way, established private rights, banned documents and was cruel to the law, first deceitful and then benevolent, with tyranny as the beginning of the world." "
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