Wen | Wenyuan said history
Edited by | Wenyuan
There was such a battle that made Chairman Mao praise himself one after another, made the PRESIDENT lose face, and beat the most powerful US army to the head.
On November 1, 1950, the 39th Army of the Chinese Volunteer Army, which had just made a good start on the Korean battlefield, launched an attack on Unsan under the instructions of Mr. Peng.
After fighting the defenders of Unsan, the volunteer soldiers found something wrong, and intelligence showed that the defenders here should be the First Division of the South Korean Army.
However, no matter from the enemy's weapons and equipment or the appearance of the enemy, it is very different from the content of the intelligence. It was clear that the defenders here were certainly not the original South Korean First Division.
The situation on the battlefield was changing rapidly, and the volunteer soldiers could not take into account the deviation of intelligence, still charging the front line, and fighting with the defenders of Yunshan.
The 39th Army, which had just taken over the South Korean army a few days ago, fought extremely hard in the face of the defenders of Unsan, and saw that the situation on the battlefield was about to reach a stalemate.
Wu Xinquan, commander of the 39th Army, knew very well that the longer this battle was fought, the more unfavorable it would be to the volunteer army, because the volunteer army had no foundation on the Korean battlefield, and we could not afford to spend time.
In order to solve the defenders of Yunshan as soon as possible, Wu Xinquan ordered 4 assault battalions to launch a fierce attack on Yunshan in three ways.
Soon, this tactic worked. At 11:30 p.m. on 1 November, the soldiers of the 2nd Battalion of the 347th Regiment broke through the defenders' defenses and successfully entered the city of Yunshan.
Subsequently, the volunteers engaged in a street battle with the defenders in Unsan City. The volunteer army fought bravely, beating the defenders into the desert and fleeing in the city of Yunshan, and the situation on the battlefield was reversed.
Under the command of Wu Xinquan, the 39th Army was invincible and soon annihilated the enemy at Yunshan. On November 3, the 39th Army, which had been fighting fiercely at Yunshan for three days, successfully occupied Yunshan, marking the end of the Battle of Yunshan.
After the battle, the soldiers learned the identity of the enemy at Yunshan Mountain, the U.S. First Cavalry Division.
Before meeting our volunteers, this army was called the "Constant Victory Division" by the U.S. Army.
According to the American "boasting", this American First Cavalry Division has not suffered defeat on the frontal battlefield for 160 consecutive years since its founding in 1921.
Because of its advanced weapons and excellent tactical qualities, many American soldiers are proud to enter the U.S. First Cavalry Division.
Why, then, did the indestructible ace army in the eyes of the Americans collapse so quickly in front of the 39th Army?
In fact, it is not that this U.S. army is not worthy of its name, but that the 39th Army is too fierce. Many people may not know that the predecessor of the 39th Army on the Korean battlefield was the Twenty-fifth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
During the Long March of the Red Army, the Red 25th Army was the first team to reach the base area in northern Shaanxi and was the pioneer on the Long March Road. And contributed greatly to the Battle of Pingxingguan, laying a solid foundation for the victory of the Battle of Pingxingguan.
As the vanguard of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the 39th Army is certainly the elite of our army. The 39th Army, which had just arrived on the Korean battlefield, quickly became familiar with the environment and did not appear to be "unsatisfied with the water and soil"; although the weapons and equipment were not as good as those of the US Army, in the confrontation with the US First Cavalry Division, the 39th Army was obviously in the upper hand, and completely annihilated a regiment of the US First Cavalry Division.
For the U.S. First Cavalry Division, it was a devastating blow. For the 39th Army and all the volunteers, the victory in the Battle of Yunshan was a good start, and as Mr. Peng said, the U.S. army was nothing to fear.
When the news of the defeat of the U.S. First Cavalry Division reached the United States, Truman, who was then the president of the United States, was stunned by the news.
He never imagined that the record of this "Founding Father Division" would be ended by the poorly equipped Chinese army, which was definitely not a good thing for Truman.
The first time the volunteers entered Korea, they gnawed the hardest bone of the US army, how to fight the next battle? This problem troubled not only Truman, but also MacArthur, then commander of the U.S. Forces in the Far East.
MacArthur's most trusted army was the U.S. First Cavalry Division, which was assembled at the outbreak of the Korean War and was the first U.S. army to land on the Korean Peninsula.
MacArthur had high hopes for this army, hoping that this "changsheng division" would bring good luck to Rhee and turn the situation on the Korean battlefield around, but the reality did not seem to be so, and the blown-up First Cavalry Division of the United States did not seem to be the legendary "invincible under the heavens".
On July 9, 1950, shortly after the outbreak of the Korean War, the 1st Battalion of the Seventh Cavalry Regiment of the U.S. 1st Cavalry Division, which had been stationed in Japan, landed in South Korea as an advance team. In late July, Division Commander Guy led a large army to land in South Korea.
At this point, the FIRST CAVALRY DIVISION OF THE UNITED STATES HAD ALL ARRIVED AND OFFICIALLY ENTERED THE KOREAN BATTLEFIELD.
In the previous Battle of Daejeon, nearly a thousand members of the U.S. First Cavalry Division were drawn to the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth Divisions, so the U.S. First Cavalry Division should have been the first to contact the Korean People's Army.
However, the U.S. army did not show combat capabilities different from that of the South Korean army in the confrontation with the Korean People's Army, and the Battle of Daejeon ended in a crushing defeat for the U.S. army.
After the Battle of Daejeon, the Korean People's Army was overwhelmed and continued to advance south in pursuit.
In order to stop the advance of the Korean People's Army, the Eighth Cavalry Regiment under the 1st Cavalry Division engaged in a head-to-head duel with the Korean People's Army in Yongtong, the same regiment that was completely annihilated by the 39th Army in the Battle of Unsan.
At first, the Eighth Cavalry Regiment did not take the Korean People's Army seriously, after all, as an old and strong army, both weapons and equipment and military background were much stronger than the Korean People's Army from mud legs.
But what happened next was beyond the expectations of the US military, with the superiority of weapons and equipment, the US military gained a part of the advantage in the early stage, and then the arrogant US military fell into a disadvantage.
Their proud weapons and equipment posed no threat to the Korean People's Army, and the confrontation between the two sides in Yongtong ended in a crushing defeat for the U.S. military.
In addition to the victory, the Korean People's Army also received a lot of weapons and equipment that the U.S. military did not have time to destroy when it retreated.
The Korean People's Army, which received the weapons and equipment of the US military, quickly mastered the use of US weapons, and in the subsequent confrontation, the US military tasted its own weapons.
The Korean People's Army, which was equipped with American equipment, added wings to the battlefield and beat the 1st US Cavalry Division, which claimed to be the elite of the US army, to scatter and flee.
According to statistics, the U.S. 1st Cavalry Division lost nearly 1,000 men in the ten days after entering the Korean battlefield, and in addition to the soldiers killed and wounded in the frontal battlefield, nearly 500 people disappeared because they were unfamiliar with the terrain of the Korean Peninsula.
When the time came to August, the defeated 1st Cavalry Division fought and retreated, and finally came to the east bank of the Luodong River to deploy.
Their task was to build fortifications here to prevent the Korean People's Army from advancing further to the south. In addition to building fortifications, the U.S. military will be able to destroy all bridges through the Nakdong River, but this will not stop the advance of the Korean People's Army.
Because of the topography of the Korean Peninsula, the speed of construction of fortifications by the US military is extremely slow. Obviously, such a speed of deployment could not complete the deployment task before the Korean People's Army arrived here.
In order to replenish the weapons, equipment and strength lost by the US First Cavalry Division, the 70th Heavy Tank Battalion transferred from the United States and the United States became the new force of the US First Cavalry Division. However, the addition of a tank battalion did not change the decline of the Us First Cavalry Division, and under the command of MacArthur, three tank companies joined the US First Cavalry Division.
In addition, the successive defeats of the US military on the Korean battlefield have also attracted the attention of Truman, if the status quo cannot be changed quickly, the matter of the US military breaking the Korean Peninsula will reach the ears of all countries in the world, making the United States a laughingstock.
Truman called MacArthur and asked him to draw soldiers from battlefields and U.S. military bases around the world to the Korean battlefield, making sure to change the situation in a short period of time.
MacArthur, who received the order, immediately began to dispatch troops, and the U.S. First Army was given 7 additional battalions.
It can be seen that MacArthur really poured all his efforts into the First Division, but the next facts will tell him that the more he invests, the greater the loss.
MacArthur believed that this still did not guarantee that the US military could turn the situation around, and in order to increase the leverage for victory, the US military began to recruit troops on South Korean soil. It has to be said that the reputation of the First Us Mounted Division is still very loud, and in just ten days, 8300 Koreans have become recruits of the US First Cavalry Division.
But lack of training and language barriers, these recruits can not become a living force on the battlefield, so these recruits become the coolie of the American soldiers, digging trenches and other thankless work is assigned to them.
At this point, the US First Cavalry Division has once again become the ace of the US Military after the renewal of weapons and equipment and the increase of personnel.
However, this new U.S. military ace did not play any key role on the battlefield, and the U.S. military still lost in the Korean battlefield.
Before MacArthur formulated the "Inchon Landing" plan, the "United Nations Army" led by the US military was even about to be driven out of the Korean Peninsula by the Korean People's Army.
After the KPA occupied 90 percent of the Korean Peninsula, MacArthur launched the Inchon Landings on September 15.
Suddenly, 70,000 UN troops, armed with advanced weapons and equipment, inserted like a sharp knife into the waist of the Korean Peninsula, surrounded all the Korean People's Army on the front line, and then slowly encroached.
In this way, the United Nations army took the lead in the Korean battlefield.
What followed was the Battle of Yunshan, which took place at the beginning, when the arrogant First Division of the American Cavalry did not see the strength of the Chinese army at all, and was severely taught a lesson by the 39th Army, and the Eighth Regiment of the American Cavalry was annihilated into an organization, becoming a disgrace to the First Division of the American Cavalry, and then the number was cleared.
The victory at the Battle of Unsan boosted the morale of the volunteers, and the U.S. army, which claimed to be the first in the world, was also like this. Chairman Mao was very happy to learn of the results of the Battle of Yunshan and praised Mr. Peng for his ability to lead his troops to fight.
The victory in the Battle of Yunshan made the volunteer army know the true strength of the US army and laid the foundation for the final victory of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.