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In 641, Princess Wencheng married Tubo and became the queen of Tubo Zampu Songtsen Gampo.
Since then, Princess Wencheng has been famous in history and has made significant contributions to the border peace of the Tang Dynasty and Tubo and the development of Tubo. Until 680 AD, Princess Wencheng died, and the war between Tang and Tu was rekindled, and the soldiers were in trouble.
After thirty years of fighting, the two countries resumed their policy of peace and affinity, and Datang sent a princess to marry Tubo and re-allied, and this princess was the Princess of Jincheng.
The Tang Dynasty and pro-policy were widely used. According to records, the Tang Dynasty and the Turks, Tuguhun, Tubo, Xi, Khitan, Ningyuanguo, Huilu, Nanzhao and other 8 ethnic kingdoms carried out peace and pro-pro policy, of which the number of peace with Huihui was the largest, up to 8 times, with Tubo and pro-twice, the first time was Princess Wencheng, the second time was the Princess Jincheng who maintained peace on the border between The Tang and Tubo for thirty years.
1. Entering Tibet
Under the efforts of Princess Wencheng, relative peace was maintained between the Tang and Tubo, but after the death of Princess Wencheng in 680 AD, the hostility between the two countries has been maintained for nearly 30 years.
Of course, during this period, Tibet lost more than won. After that, the Tubo rulers on Qinling committed suicide, Zanbo surrendered to Tang, Zangpu died in the army during the war with the Nanzhao state, and the new Zangpu ruler with Zhudan was young, and in 707 AD asked to make peace with the Tang, at this time the ruler with Zhudan was only 11 years old.
Like Princess Wencheng, Princess Jincheng was not a princess in the true sense of the word, but was born in the Li Tang Sect. Princess Jincheng, whose original name was Li Nunu, was the granddaughter of Li Xian, the sixth son of Emperor Gaozong of Tang, who was the elder brother of Emperor Zhongzong and Ruizong, and the prince of Zhanghuai, who died at the hands of Wu Zetian.
Therefore, after the restoration of Emperor Zhongzong, he was particularly fond of the daughter of this brother and adopted her in the palace, and from then on, Princess Jincheng became the adopted daughter of Emperor Zhongzong until 710 AD.
The specific date of birth of Princess Jincheng is unknown, but she was only in her early teens when she married, and she was still a little girl. Emperor Zhongzong was very reluctant to this adopted daughter, and Tubo had sent envoys to greet Princess Jincheng very early, but Emperor Zhongzong waited for two years because of his young age before personally sending the princess to the west.
After sending the princess to Shiping County, Emperor Zhongzong renamed Shiping County to Jincheng County, ordered the release of sinners in Jincheng County (except for capital crimes), exempted the world from taxes for one year, and asked hundreds of officials to write poems for Princess Jincheng.
For a time, both the political and literary circles were able to think hard, splash ink, and recite poems for this grand scene, and there are as many as 17 poems about "Bong he sent the Princess of Jincheng to the West to respond to the system", most of which are based on the theme of mourning and parting and loving the countryside.
Of course, there are also different voices, such as the great poet Shen Qiqi who issued an opposition and pro voice - "that can be a phoenix girl, but also to marry Wusun", I Tang Dynasty Yang Yang big country, how can I marry the princess of the tangtang to a neighboring small country.
At that time, there were actually many people who thought like This, for example, when Emperor Zhongzong chose to escort the princess's envoys, he successively sought out the ministers Ji Shune and Zhao Yanzhao, but neither of them was willing to go, and the only Yang Zhi who was willing to go was only "greedy for merit and profit" to respond.
Although some people disagreed with the peace, and although many ministers were reluctant to go to remote Tibet, Princess Jincheng, a teenage girl, voluntarily took on the task of maintaining peace between the two countries.
2. Contribution
1. Maintaining peace
After the princess entered Tibet, the two countries were temporarily at peace, but there was still no shortage of local wars.
In 717, Princess Jincheng wrote to Emperor Xuanzong in the hope that the two countries would reach an armistice agreement; in 733, Princess Jincheng wrote to Emperor Xuanzong, suggesting that the two countries "plant a monument in Chiling and set the boundaries of The Two Kingdoms of China and China." In addition, when Tubo attacked the Tang dynasty's vassal state of Xiaobolu, Princess Jincheng even planned to run away from home to show her dissatisfaction with Tubo's military actions.
Just as Princess Jincheng wrote in her letter, "Slaves are surrendered, and things are reconciled", she will shoulder the heavy responsibility of easing tensions between the two countries and make great contributions to the good of her nephews and uncles of the two countries.
In particular, the establishment of the Chiling Boundary Monument benefited the two countries greatly, with Tubo promising not to invade rivers and huang lands and not to plunder cattle, sheep, and crops; datang promised not to attack Tubo's walled cities, not to block Tubo's roads, and to "not harm righteousness with strong soldiers, and not to abandon words for profit." In the three years or so since the boundary monument was erected, the scene of "animal husbandry being wild" appeared in Tubo.
2. Promote the cultural and economic prosperity of Tibet
After entering Tibet, Princess Jincheng wrote to Emperor Xuanzong, "Please mao poems", "Li Ji", "Zuo Zhuan", and "Anthology of Literature", bringing the Confucian thought and culture of the Central Plains to Tubo and letting them know loyalty, faith, etiquette, and righteousness. In addition, when Princess Jincheng entered Tibet, "(Emperor Zhongzong) gave tens of thousands of jinjiao, acrobatic workers obeyed, and gave guizile", bringing with her craft technology, Central Plains specialties, and advanced agricultural production.
At the same time, it also promoted economic trade between the two countries, and exchanged silk, tea and other goods from the Central Plains for cattle, horses, jade, etc. in Tibet, so that the economic trade between the two countries reached an unprecedented stage of prosperity.
Legend has it that when the tang dynasty envoys sent envoys to Tubo, Tubo Zampu took out a lot of tea leaves to show: this is from Shouzhou, this is from Shuzhou, this is from Guzhu, this is from Jimen, this is from Changming... I have everything here from the Central Plains.
3. Develop Buddhism
As early as princess Wencheng entered Tibet, she brought the statue of Shakyamuni Buddha, and after Princess Jincheng entered Tibet, she moved this Buddha statue to the Jokhang Temple to worship and preside over Buddhist activities here. At the same time, it organized personnel to translate Buddhist classics and spread musical instruments.
Under the influence of Princess Jincheng, Tubo Zampu once sent ministers to the Tang Dynasty to request Buddhist scriptures, providing monasteries for monks who came from afar, and played a very good role in promoting the development of Buddhism in Tibet and cultural exchanges between the two countries.
Princess Jincheng entered Tibet in 710 and died in 740. In total, in the thirty years that Princess Jincheng has been in Tubo, Tubo has sent no less than 27 envoys to Datang and No less than 15 times to Tubo, and the princess's contribution to maintaining friendly relations between the two countries is self-evident based on the principle of "contract as one family".
According to the generational calculation, Princess Wencheng is the aunt of Princess Jincheng, and there have only been two peaces between The Tang Dynasty and Tubo, but these two peaces have achieved great success, there are local wars between the two countries, but the overall peace, this rare peace can not be seen in the non-peace period.
To this day, there are still many stories and legends of Princess Jincheng in Tibet, and from the mottled murals and vivid historical records, we can still see the cultural exchanges and economic development brought by Princess Jincheng as a princess and pro-princess to the people of the two places, and the name of Princess Jincheng alone is worthy of being remembered by future generations.