Speaking of Tubo, what do you think of?
Is it the Potala Palace left by Songtsen Gampo and Princess Wencheng, or the "Alliance of Nephews" written by Princess Jincheng and Danju?
Two hundred years of Tang Dynasty, war and peace? Love and hate? The vicissitudes of the sea, the history is far away, the drums and horns are no longer arguing, and only a few famous and influential figures who have remained for eternity can remind you of them.
As a great empire that could compete with the Tang Empire in that era, from the ambition of Ludong Zanye wanghexi to
The great shame and humiliation of Dazalu's horse stepping on Chang'an,
Tubo never gave up his ambition to compete with the Tang Dynasty.
On the road of competing for the throne, whether it is Datang or Tubo, they are all famous generals and countless heroes. In the case of Tubo alone, the number one military experts who can be counted in the meantime are none other than Qinling.
There are many Tang generals who have been defeated by the QinLing horse, including famous generals who have shaken the ancient and modern, such as Xue Rengui,
Li Jingxuan,
Wang Xiaojie, represented by the three of them, achieved the three great battles of the fame of the famous generals of qinling - the Battle of Dafeichuan, the Battle of Qinghai, and the Battle of Plastic Luohan Mountain.
On the Qin Tombs, hundreds of thousands of Tang troops buried their bones in Hexi, in exchange for political prestige and power, but in tang, they also lost to Tang, and Wu Zhou's dissension handed the young Zampu a fast knife.
The most lamentable thing is that most of his family and descendants have surrendered to their former enemies, and the hundred officials and knights have turned around to make contributions for others.
preface
On Qinling, Tubo name is Gar Qinling Zanzhuo, Han Shi Deng's name is On Qinling or Qizheng, he was born in the Tubo Wang clan Gar clan, is the Tubo politician Gar DongzanYusong, that is, the second son of the famous Lu Dongzan.
After the death of Songtsan Gampo, his son Mangzang was too young, so Lu Dongzan served as the "Great Theory", that is, the prime minister, and "assisted the government" for Zampu, beginning the era of dictatorship in which the Gar family power poured out tubo for half a century.
During the Songzan Gampo period, Tang Fan and his relatives nominally tubo enshrined the Tang Dynasty as the upper kingdom, but in fact, this plateau empire never gave up its wild hopes, and the political strategy of yin and yang violated the yang, so that the Tang Empire, which regarded itself too high, later suffered a big loss.
Starting from Lu Dongzan, he had always expected to go out of Qinghai, then control Anxi and the west of the Onion Ridge in the west, control the Hexi Corridor and the more far-reaching Tang soil in the east, in order to dispel the Tang Dynasty's wariness, Tubo adopted a gradual method of encroachment, first to the buffer between Tang and Bao, Tuguhun.
The first time the Qinling Tombs appeared in the annals of history was from the Battle of Tuguhun, "In the fifth year of Xianqing (660), Tubo Lu Dongzan sent his sons to raise the general Tuguhun", and "Qizheng" was on the Qinling.
In 667 AD, Tubo Da ren Lu Dong Zan died of illness, and the young Zampu was unable to sensationalize the power of the Gar family, so he had to appoint Lu Dong Zan's eldest son Gar Zan Nie Dun Bu as the new great theory, and the exclusive power of the Gar family was secured.
The enlarged Gar family, no longer satisfied with the existing Tang-Bo relationship, began to extend its tentacles to the area controlled by the Tang Dynasty on the basis of controlling Tuguhun.
And the military career that made Qinling famous also officially came.
The Battle of Dafeichuan
Tubo blinded the Tang Dynasty and annexed Tuguhun, there was no buffer between Tang and China, and conflicts naturally could not be avoided, and in April of the first year (670) of Emperor Gaozong of Tang,670, the two-hundred-year conflict began to ferment.
On Qin Ling leading an army to capture the "Eighteen Prefectures of the Western Regions", namely Guizi, Yanqi, Shule,
Yu Khotan and other four towns in Western Anxi, Tang Tu, directly cut off the Tang Dynasty's contact with the area west of the Onion Ridge, bringing great shock to the Tang court.
Tuguhun was annexed, the Hehuang Valley was heavily armed, Anxi fell again, and the Hexi region was in danger, which was a major setback since Emperor Gaozong of Tang ascended the throne, so Tang Ting decided to fight back.
"Good policy", "Good policy"
Three arrows set the Heavenly Mountain
"Shen Yong Reaps Liaodong", "Renzheng Goryeo Kingdom", "Love The People Xiangzhou City", "Take off the Hat and Retreat from All Enemies", this long list of allusions are from a famous general of the Tang Dynasty.
This famous general, who lived more in allusions and dramas, went to war on Qinling because of the fall of Ansi, and also wrote a humiliating failure for his glorious military career.
In 670, Emperor Gaozong of Tang appointed Xue Rengui as the emperor
Commander-in-Chief of the March of the Loksa Road,
Ashina Daozhen
、
Guo to be sealed
As deputy governor, he led an army of 50,000 to escort the Tuguhun king to restore the country and fight against the expansion of Tubo.
In August, the Tang army reached Dafeichuan (大非川, in modern Qinghai, southwest of the Cheji Grassland), and Xue Rengui led his army to prepare for a surprise attack on Wuhai, leaving Guo to be stationed in Dafeichuan to defend the army.
Xue Rengui defeated the Tubo army at the mouth of the river, capturing a large number of cattle and sheep and other booty, and Guo Beifeng heard about it, and actually led 20,000 soldiers and horses to carry heavy weight to grab the merit first.
At this time, On Qinling had already led a large army back to Qinghai from Anxi, and the Tang army's strategy of raiding Wuhai had been detected by him, and the Tang generals were discordant, and Guo Beifeng rushed to send people's heads, which was like a tiger to Qinling.
On the Qin Tombs outside Wuhai City with 200,000 troops to annihilate Guo Beifeng, Guo Beifeng discarded a large number of heavy defeat and fled out, Xue Rengui was shocked, had to retreat, temporarily live in DafeiChuan.
On the Qinling gathered 400,000 heavy troops to besiege Dafeichuan, the Tang army was defeated, Xue Rengui had to negotiate peace with the Qinling, only to be able to retreat, after returning to the dynasty was reduced to civilians, and on the Qinling became famous in the First World War, the reputation was great.
After that, the Tang court had difficulty in dealing with Tubo, and it was not until the empress took power that the situation opened up.
Battle of Qinghai
During the years of the Battle of Dafeichuan, Tubo "when Tubo exhausted the land of Sheep Tong, Dangxiang and Zhuqiang, and the east and Liang, Song, Mao,
The prefectures of Yao and other states are connected, south to brahmins, west to capture the four towns of Guizi and Shule, north to the Turks, the place is more than 10,000 miles, since the Han and Wei, the prosperity of Xi rong, has never been.
”
In the third year of Tang Yifeng (678), the Tang court took Li Jingxuan as the head
The chief manager of Taohe Road is also the ambassador of appeasement and the inspector
Shanzhou
DuDu, intending to try to tubo again.
At this time, with the military achievements of Dafei Chuan, The qinling consolidated the power and monopoly of the Gar family, and also allowed the eldest brother Gar Zannetonbu to sit firmly in the post of Tubo Da theory.
He was well aware of the Tang Dynasty's intentions for Qinghai and other places, and he made a lot of preparations to deal with the coming war.
In September 678, Li Jingxuan and the Ministry of Works Shangshu Liu Zhenli commanded 180,000 troops to qinghai lake, on the Qin Ling that is, led the Tubo army to meet the battle, the Tang army was defeated, Liu Jingli was besieged, waiting for Li Jingxuan not to arrive, the army was defeated and captured, and later died in Tubo.
When Li Jingxuan heard that Liu Zhenli had been captured, he hurriedly garrisoned ChengfengLing and built a village to hold on. Qin Ling led his army to swoop down on the Tang army from a high place, and the situation was precarious, but fortunately the fierce generals were killed to break the siege.
The fierce general Black Tooth Changzhi led five hundred elite soldiers to attack the Tubo camp at night, and the Tubo army retreated in shock, and Li Jingxuan was able to lead the army back to Yanzhou safely. Some people also believe that another achievement of this night raid was the capture of Lu Zan, the son of Thean Qinling, who also became the first member of the Gar family from Tang.
After the Qinghai War, Tang Ting knew that he was invincible, so he did so
Send inspectors to the imperial history
Lou Shide
The envoy to Tubo to talk about peace, on Qin Ling's younger brother Zanbo in Chiling and Lou Shide allied with each other, and agreed not to offend each other.
In the following years, the Qin Tomb repeatedly harassed the Tang Dynasty
In the prefectures of Garnet, Song, and Yi, the Tang Dynasty was tired of coping, and there was no way to counterattack in a big way.
Battle of Mount Sculptora
In the first year of the Tang Dynasty (685), Wu Zetian, who had already controlled the imperial government, appointed the Tianguan Shangshu Wei as the grand commander of the Yanran Dao March to prepare for the crusade against Tubo, and this year on qinling was officially appointed as the Tubo Great Treatise.
In this year, infighting broke out among the Gar family, "Chronicle of Major Events": "In the Year of the Rooster, the two men of the Great Discussion Zan nie and the Mangyuan Dazhabu killed each other, and the Great Discussion praised Nie Xue in the Sun Bo River of the Bag. In the place of Bang Mo Bang Ka, he appointed the Zanpa of Chin Ling as the great thesis. On the Qin Tombs held a winter rally in Luozhibuqi. Upper Zampu
courtyard
Du Song Zun, the spy who carried out the poison many people, killed him. is for the year. ”
Although the Qinling dynasty took office, the internal strife in the Gar family had intensified, the political struggle in the upper echelons of Tubo had become more and more severe, and the years of war had expanded the intensification of internal contradictions, and the Tang Dynasty had never given up the conquest of Tubo, which made it necessary for The Qinling and his immediate relatives to stay away from the power center of the capital and go to the border to garrison.
In the first year of Tang Yongchang's reign, Wei waited for the price to conquer Tubo, but was defeated southwest of Bow Yue (Arima Breaking City of Ili Huocheng), but fortunately, The deputy capital of Anxi, Tang Xiujing, maintained it with all his might, gathered the remnants of the army, and stabilized the situation, so as not to worsen the situation.
During this period, people such as Tang Xiujing repeatedly petitioned for the restoration of the four towns of Anxi, but there was great resistance in the DPRK and China, and many ministers even hoped to abolish the four towns of Anxi, but fortunately, Right Shi Cuirong and others argued on the basis of reason, and Fang completely persuaded Wu Zetian and a number of ministers.
The time spans the Wuzhou period
Longevity Year (692)
At that time, Tang Xiujing, the governor of Xizhou, once again went to the table to ask for the restoration of the four towns of Anxi, and Wu Zetian appointed him
Wang Xiaojie was the commander-in-chief of the Wuwei Dao March, and fought against Tubo with the Zuo Wu wei general Ashina Zhongjie.
Wang Xiaojie participated in Li Jingxuan's Battle of Qinghai, where he was captured together with Liu Zhenli, who died of his wounds in Tubo
Tibetan
Zampu
Seeing that Wang Xiaojie looked similar to his father, he had to avoid death and return to Tang.
692 AD
In October, after Wang Xiaojie led his army into the western region, he defeated Tubo and recaptured it one after another
Four towns in Ansi
and placed the Ansi Capital Protectorate in Kamezi.
In the first year of Wu Zhou (694), Wang Xiaojie was defeated near Qinghai Lake
The great generals Bo Tanzan and Tubo stood up
Western Turkistan
Ten surnames Khan
Ashina
。
In the first year of the Book of Heaven (695), on the basis of Qinling's army invading Lintao, the empress appointed Wang Xiaojie as the grand commander of the Subian Road march, and Lou Shide as the deputy governor to discuss Qinling.
In the first year of the Banzai Tongtian Dynasty (696), the Tang and The Tang dynasties fought at the Tuluohan Mountain on the border of Taozhou, and the Tang army was defeated, and the battle was extremely fierce, and after the war, the Tubo people even named the Tuluohan Mountain "Hushan Tang People's Tomb".
From the beginning of Wu Zetian's reign, Tang or Wu Zhou's response to Tubo was more decisive, prompting Tan Qinling to leave the center of political power, and also laying the groundwork for the later loss of power of the Gar family and the death of Tan Qinling.
postscript
On the Qinling for many years outside, while the young Zampu
Du Song was anxious to regain his rights, the power struggle within Tubo accelerated, and the policy of wu Zetian and Guo Yuanzhen and others was similar to divisive, which further reborn the contradiction between the Tubo royal family and the Gar family.
Du Song took the lead in attacking, and in 695 he killed the younger brother of Theon Qinling who had lost the Western Regions
Bo commented on the blade, while qinling was still hovering in Qinghai to fight against the Tang army, and had no time to take care of him, missing the opportunity to deal with it.
In February of the second year of the Holy Calendar (699), Tubo Zampu conspired with the chancellor On yan to go to Aqindi, the garrison of the Nongqin Tombs, in the name of hunting, and killed more than 2,000 of his henchmen.
Zampu issued an edict asking Theon Qinling and his brother Zanbo to come to see him, and the Qinling brothers did not dare to sit still, so they raised an army to rebel, zampu personally led the army to fight, and the army of Qinling collapsed without a fight, and a generation of Tubo heroes had to commit suicide.
What I have to play is that on the death of Qin Ling,
In April of the same year, his brother Zanba led more than a thousand people to the Zhou Dynasty. Wu Zetian made Zanbo the King of Guide and the Great General of the Right Guard, and ordered him to lead his troops to guard the Hongyuan Valley.
Soon, Qin Ling's son, Gong Ren, also led more than 7,000 accounts of Tuguhun to surrender to Wu Zhou, and was made the general of Zuo Yu Wei and the Duke of Jiuquan County, and later moved to the general of Zuo Xiao Wei and the deputy ambassador of ShuoFang, and was given the title of King of Chuan Commandery after his death, and his son was also a great general in the dynasty.
epilogue
The smoke of the millennium has dissipated, history has become a thing of the past, and we are glad that China is prosperous and the nation is united!