After Princess Wencheng entered Tibet, like other princesses and princesses, her fate and national fortunes were shared in honor and disgrace.
In 641, Emperor Taizong of Tang issued an edict to Crown Princess Wencheng, the daughter of Emperor Taizong (not the emperor's own child), Princess Wencheng, as a princess of Peace, to marry Songzan Gampo, and ordered the general Li Daozong, the King of Jiangxia, to escort her to Tubo (present-day Tibet).
The use of the word "lower marriage" here is by no means intended to elevate the Tang Dynasty and belittle Tubo.
In order to make Tang Taizong's son-in-law, Songzan Gampo made three requests for peace with Tang Taizong, and after the first rejection by Emperor Taizong, the second time he made this request again, he was rejected again. Songtsen Gampo felt insulted, so he led a large army to invade the Tang border.
In this way, Datang and Tubo fought a battle on the border, and Tubo was defeated (the Battle of Songzhou).
This war to "become a son-in-law" made Songzan Gampo have a new understanding of the Tang Dynasty; and Li Shimin also realized that the Tubo king who had interceded with him twice was by no means a "village chief" like a small country in Fanbang. After the great battle, Songtsen Gampo was frightened and sent emissaries to ask Li Shimin for peace, and for the third time he made a request for peace.
Although Li Shimin had the ability to defeat Tubo again, he did not want to use any more troops, so he agreed to this family affair and issued an edict:
"Yi Di Yi human ear... Since ancient times, they have all been noble Chinese and untouchable, and their love is the same, so their races are like their parents. As the parents of the world, can you benefit from it, but do you pity a daughter? ”
The translation of this passage is: YiDi is also a human being, how can he look down on others? Since people are willing to call me Daddy, then I will reluctantly make it difficult for them, when their father gets it. In this way, the world can be too peaceful, and Shuo has only suffered a little loss and has one less daughter.
Won the battle or kissed? Isn't peace in exchange for peace?
This is the difference between Li Shimin and the previous dynasty's peace and pro-pro policy: the former dynasty and the pro-family were condescending and humiliated; Li Shimin's peace and kinship were the "grace" of the Tianqi Khan to the surrounding small countries.
How much does Songtsen Gampo attach to this "grace"? Consider the historical record:
After Songzan Gampo reached peace, he personally ran to Baihai (the source of the Yellow River) to marry Princess Wencheng. Li Shimin, who is said above, will be called a son-in-law, and his humble and humble will be difficult to exhaust.
Li Shimin was very happy about the son-in-law's lowly submission, and with a big stroke of his pen, he prepared an extremely rich dowry for Princess Wencheng——
There are 5,500 skilled craftsmen of all kinds, 5,500 kinds of livestock, 3,800 kinds of plant seeds, and countless gold and silver treasures, and the most important of these dowries is the 12-year-old statue of Shakyamuni (still enshrined in the Jokhang Temple).
Where are these dowries to support the façade of Datang? It is clear that it is to transform Tubo!
Sure enough, after Princess Wencheng entered Tibet, she had a great impact on the politics, economy, culture and other aspects of Tibet. So much so that the Tang Dynasty poet Chen Tao's "Journey to the West" has such a sentence:
"Since your lord and your relatives, half of the Hu style is like the Han family."
Since the Implementation of the Holy Lord of the Tang Dynasty and the coming of the Pro-One, how is the atmosphere of the small country of Fanbang and the state of Yidi different from that of Datang?
With the powerful Sheng Tang endorsing Princess Wencheng, and with such a rich dowry prepared for her by Li Shimin, Princess Wencheng was highly respected in Tubo— the Tibetans honored Princess Wencheng as Jiamusa, which means: the goddess from the Han Dynasty.
After Princess Wencheng married Tubo, she always remembered the Tang Dynasty. At sunset, Princess Wencheng would climb the highest mountain in Lhasa and look in the direction of Chang'an. Songtsen Gampo could not relieve Wencheng's homesickness, so he built a magnificent palace, potala palace, for her, Mount Maburi, the highest elevation in Lhasa.
In 649, 8 years after Princess Wencheng married Tubo, Emperor Taizong of Tang died. Songtsen Gampo, as Li Shimin's son-in-law, personally came to pay homage to the sacrifice
"Father". Emperor Gaozong of Tang also did not hesitate to appoint Songzan Gampo as a lieutenant of the horse, and carved a stone statue of him from his appearance, which was displayed under the Zhaoling Xuanque.
Songzan Gampo hangs Li Shimin, among which there is no doubt the credit of Princess Wencheng.
The following year, Songtsen Gampo died and was succeeded to the throne by his grandson Mangsong Mangzan.
Songtsam Gampo was only 33 years old when he died, but how old could Mangsong Mangzan have when he succeeded to the throne? As a result, all the affairs of Tubo, large and small, were regent by Lu Dongzan, the grand chancellor (prime minister). Who does Lu Dong praise? The "Red Lady" who asked Li Shimin for three times in that year was this person.
During the regency period of Lu Dongzan, he still implemented the policy of friendship with datang. During this period, the status of Princess Wencheng was still very respected.
In 667, Lu Dongzan died, and Lu Dongzan's son, Ren Qinling, succeeded to the throne of Daxiang.
Ruo qinling is different from Lu Dongzan, who has worked hard all his life to strengthen Tubo, while Ruo Qinling is more enthusiastic about expanding territory. As soon as Ruo Qinling became regent, he began to mobilize troops against the Tang Dynasty.
Tubo and Tang were once again at war, and only the people of the two countries, as well as Princess Wencheng, were bitter.
Princess Wencheng repeatedly wrote to the grand chancellor Mangsong Mangzan, asking him to stop the war and return peace between the two countries. However, Mangsong Mangzan was even precarious himself, how could he control others?
At this time, Princess Wencheng was 42 years old.
The war swept not only across the border between the two countries, but also the Potala Palace, the palace built for her by Songtsen Gampo. Since then, Princess Wencheng has never ascended to the far horizon again, datang, only in her heart.
At that time, Li Shimin promised her to Songzan Gampo for the sake of peace in the world. Now that the swords and soldiers of the two countries have risen again, it means that Princess Wencheng has not completed the purpose of peace. Even though both countries respected her contribution to peace, she herself was deeply ashamed of the war.
In the later years of Princess Wencheng's life, she was always in this state of shame. This kind of misery is known only to herself.
In 680, Princess Wencheng died of smallpox, and the Tang and Tubo temporarily stopped fighting. The Tubo Dynasty held a grand funeral for Princess Wencheng and buried her next to the tomb of the King of Tibet (Songzan Gampo Tomb), while the Tang Dynasty also sent envoys to Tubo to hang Princess Wencheng.
Fortunately, posterity has not forgotten her.