When Princess Wencheng and her entourage traveled thousands of miles to reach the city of Luoxi (present-day Lhasa), tubo envoys lined up with banners, and several people clasped their hands on their chests to greet the princess.
This is a mural depicted in the white house courtyard of the Potala Palace, painted in the Qing Dynasty.
This mural, which shows the grand occasion of Princess Wencheng's entry into Tibet in that year, shows the world a historical scene of exchanges, exchanges and blending between the Han and Tibetan nationalities.
Today, more and more archaeological excavations have awakened the history buried deep in the dirt; through the ancient murals, people have heard the echo of history - on this vast plateau, the story of the Fusion of Water and Milk of the Chinese Nation has not been interrupted since ancient times.
The river flows day and night, and the song of generosity is not yet sung.
The exchanges between the Tibetans and other ethnic groups have run through the historical development of the snowy plateau.
Awaken the history of communication buried deep in the dirt
In 2017, a large number of precious remains were unearthed at the Sandalungo Cemetery, discovered in Zada County, Ali Region. Carbon XIV dating shows that it is dated from 366 BC to 668 AD, spanning 1000 years.
The Sandalungo Cemetery is located in the northern foothills of the western section of the Himalayas, at an altitude of 3,700 meters. Among the archaeological excavation relics, there are 7 (6 pieces) of gold and silver face ornaments, the shape of which is the same as or similar to the gold and silver face decoration system excavated from the Malali Cemetery in northwest India and the Sangzong Cemetery in northern Nepal, and the excavated wooden figurines are the first time found on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and their morphological characteristics are the same as those excavated from the tombs in Turpan, Xinjiang.
He Wei, associate researcher of the Institute of Cultural Relics Protection of the Tibet Autonomous Region, said that at that time, the crowd gathered in this area on a large scale, during which it experienced the budding of political entities, economic and social development, and the cultures from the surrounding areas including Xinjiang, northern Nepal, northern India, Lhasa, Shannan hinterland and the Central Plains Han Region blended and converged here.
After the founding of New China, the official opening of the tibetan archaeology cause slowly showed the world a magnificent picture of the exchange and integration of the Han and Tibetan nationalities on the plateau.
The Qamdo Karo site excavated in the late 1970s revealed for the first time the connection between the development process of prehistoric humans in Tibet and its neighboring areas, and confirmed that the Karo culture was closely related to the early culture of the Yellow River Basin.
Millet, a crop in the northern part of the continent, was first discovered at the Karo site, demonstrating the exchange between ancient humans on the plateau and the northern part of the continent at least 4000 to 5000 years ago.
The Nyatsee site in northern Tibet, officially excavated in 2016, is currently the earliest Paleolithic site in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the highest in the world. The time of the emergence of ancient humans on the plateau has once again been advanced by archaeological discoveries by tens of thousands of years.
More than 4,000 paleolithic stone artifacts from the native strata have been excavated at the Nyadi site, including stone leaves. "After careful scientific research and analysis, this site dates from 40,000 to 30,000 years ago." Dr. Zhang Xiaoling of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences said.
So, from the emergence of ancient humans to the advancement of civilization, what kind of process has the plateau experienced?
Xia Gewangdui, a researcher at the Institute of Cultural Relics Protection of the Tibet Autonomous Region, said: "Just as the sea is made up of countless tributaries, the archaeological excavations so far can prove that the snowy plateau has not been an 'isolated island' from ancient times to the present, it is an open cultural highland, where cross-regional, cross-border, cross-cultural concepts, traditions, and civilizations converge, jointly creating a colorful flower of civilization on the snowy plateau." ”
Recreate the history of interaction on the murals
On both sides of the Brahmaputra River in early spring, everything recovers and the greenery grows stronger.
Located on the north bank of the Ya river, Samye Temple was founded in the 8th century AD and was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit in 1996. "Samye" is unexpected.
"The Uzzi Hall of Samye Monastery represents Mount Meru at the center of the world, and the main hall has three floors, the ground floor adopts tibetan stone architectural structure and style, the middle floor adopts Han-style brick and wood architectural structure and style, the upper floor adopts Indian wooden architectural structure and style, and the murals and statues on each floor are also painted and molded according to three styles." Basang, a 64-year-old monk at Samye Monastery, said.
Samye Temple shows the world a history of highland civilization that is open, exchanged and integrated.
Approaching the middle wall of the wall inside the Uzzi Hall, a 92-meter-long "Tibetan History Painting" mural, although it has loomed through the wind and rain, can still let people travel through time and space and touch history.
Condensing major historical events into murals is a unique form of Tibetan traditional culture. The ancients used this to record history, hoping to pass it on for a long time.
From the origins of the Tibetan people to Songtsen Gampo to unify the plateau, to welcome Princess Chizun of Nepal and Princess Wencheng of Tang... The frescoes, painted in chronological order and with serial graphics, can be described as half earth and half ingenuity, decorating the Buddhist hall and engraving history.
The old monk Basang told reporters a story of "confessing uncle before the banquet" recorded in the mural of the Tibetan Dynasty Zampu Chide Zuzan.
He said that some historical records record that Princess Jincheng went into Hiding for a year, was pregnant with a son in her belly, and zhenggong was jealous, pretending to be pregnant. The princess gave birth to a son, and the main palace took it away. When the son is one year old, the zao blooms the feast of the first birthday. On the same day, all the courtiers gathered in the royal palace, and the king of Tibet handed over the golden cup filled with barley wine to the prince: "The only son born of the second mother, although his body is small and beautiful, the golden cup is full of barley wine, and he dedicates himself to ru's uncle, so that he can decide who is the queen of Ru's mother." The prince went straight to the left to offer the golden cup to Uncle Han, and the princess was very happy.
Architecture and murals carry not only history, but also the ideas of the ancients.
"In the history of Tibet, there is a very remarkable fact: since the 7th century AD, The civilization of Tibet has strongly shown a trend of eastward development, both in terms of geographical space and race and culture. This trend directly constitutes the reason why Tibet has been in constant contact with the Eastern Central Plains Dynasty (including northern Mongolia) since the Tubo era. The Tibetan scholar Shi Shuo said in his book "History of the Eastward Development of Tibetan Civilization".
Founded in 1087 AD, The main hall floor of the main hall is in the traditional Tibetan temple architectural style, and the second floor of the hall top adopts the traditional peak of the inland temple and the angle of the cornice, covered with blue glazed tiles, and the roof ridge has the flying maid, lion and tiger flowers and other patterns fired by glazed bricks, showing the craftsmanship style of the Yuan Dynasty.
According to the first director of the Xialu Monastery Management Committee and the senior monk Lobsa Gyatso, during the Yuan Dynasty, the Xialu area was one of the thirteen thousand households in Tibet that emperor Yuan had been enthroned; Zaba Gyaltsen, the head of the Xialu ten thousand households, had visited emperor Yuan Renzong in the Yuan capital and was given a golden jade seal and a golden hundred and two gold and five hundred silver ingots for the construction of the Shalu Monastery. "With the help of the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty and the many Han craftsmen invited from the interior, Xialu Temple has thus become the artistic crystallization of the cooperation between craftsmen of various nationalities such as Han and Tibetan, and is a model of exchange, exchange, integration and unity of various ethnic groups."
Inherit the long history of Chinese civilization
The Thangka shop opened by Li Sichu, a "post-90s" and "Tibetan drifter" from Tangshan, Hebei Province, who graduated from the China Academy of Art, is located on Barkhor Street. "I am one of the few Han Thangka shop managers here, and in addition to selling traditional Tibetan thangkas, I also include 'movable temple murals' that I have personally created." Li Sichu said.
Barkhor Street is the heart and pulse of the ancient city of Lhasa. In the Jokhang Temple, the core of Bakor Street, there is still a statue of the 12-year-old Buddha statue of Shakyamuni that Princess Wencheng brought into Tibet.
According to the prototype of tibetan monastery murals, Li Sichu painted parts of them on special "walls" and created them into "movable temple murals". The works in the store are loved by many people.
"The boom of the thangka market has released the creative passion and space of the painters, and also promoted the development and progress of this excellent traditional culture." He said.
Nearly 100 meters away from the Thangka shop, the Tibetan fashion clothing shop of the "post-90s" Tibetan girl Nizhen is in the city.
The legendary 7-foot-tall, hairy, upright-walking Himalayan "snowman" became a model in a tibetan outfit and sunglasses in Nizhen's physical store, and became one of the important elements of her brand logo and fashion clothes.
In just a few years, Nizhen's series of costumes such as "Divine Beast", "City Shepherd" and "Linka" have attracted many young iron fans for her due to the fashion combination of traditional Tibetan culture and modern culture, and the bold display of traditional Tibetan culture artistic conception and elements.
"Culture is not immutable, culture has been the precipitation of exchanges and mutual learning since ancient times, and the Tibetan culture in my eyes in the new era is an extension of the excellent Tibetan traditional culture and an innovation in the combination of civilization in the new era." Nijan said.
Nizhen's team has Tibetan and Han employees, and the working place is more than a snowy mountain meadow, located in Lhasa, Shanghai, Wuhan, Chengdu, as well as France, Italy, the United States, through the "cloud office" way, colliding with the spark of multicultural communication, opening up the brand market.
Nowadays, strolling through the ancient city of Lhasa, on the ancient stone steps of the Potala Palace, in front of the stone stele of the Tang Dynasty Alliance of the Jokhang Temple, in the modern high-rise buildings, tradition and modernity are perfectly integrated, and faith and secularity are harmoniously integrated. The scene of people struggling for a better life has become the most beautiful cultural scenery in the ancient city.
Source: Xinhua News Agency
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