Cao Shuang in everyone's eyes is usually "
Arbitrariness and incompetence
"Representative figure. In fact, not necessarily, through the history books, perhaps you can find a completely different Cao Shuang.
Speaking of Cao Shuang, we must mention a failed reform in the Three Kingdoms era, which is unknown in history, but it is very important, which directly led to major changes in the political pattern and laid the groundwork for the subsequent historical trend.
That's it."
Restructuring is beginning
”。
The author found that most of the friends who liked the Three Kingdoms did not actually finish reading the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. There are several types:
1. Seeing Liu Bei's death in the White Emperor City stopped
The three Taoyuan brothers are finished, to "
Eastern Wu rats
"The revenge also did not succeed, the heart was not angry, and the reading was interrupted;
2. It stops when you see Zhao Zilong's illness
The silver spear and white horse gradually drifted away in the oblique sun, the last hero died, everything that could be fought was dead, there was no more wonderful fighting, and the excitement stopped;
3. Until he saw Zhuge Wuzhang's original return to heaven
The last hope was shattered, unable to accept that the great ideal was disillusioned into ashes in the lingering breath, and could not bear to read it again.
In fact, the post-Three Kingdoms era also has a story, and Cao Shuang has a story. Regarding his story, the description of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is basically the same as that of the history book Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Cao Shuang was the son of Cao Zhen and belonged to the imperial family. His father Cao Zhen was very powerful, and the history books say that Cao Zhen's original surname was Qin, and his father was killed by officials to support Cao Cao's cause, Cao Cao."
Grief is really less lonely
", adopted as a righteous son, carefully cultivated. Since he was a child, he has followed Cao Cao's eastern expedition to the west and killed, making great achievements and accomplishing both culture and martial arts."
Be self-effacing with wisdom
"He used to be the most elite unit of the Cao Army"
Tiger and leopard riding
"The Lord. Cao Zhen and Cao Pi had a particularly good relationship, cao Pi usurped Han Jianwei, and Cao Zhen became a great general.
Cao Zhen died early, and his son Cao Shuang and Cao Rui had a good relationship since childhood, and after Cao Rui took the throne, he made him a general of Wu Wei and guarded the imperial palace.
Cao Rui's life was short, and before his death, he had planned to give power to Cao Yu, the King of Yan, and let him help the crown prince Cao Fang. However, there was an awkward dispute between Sun Zi and Liu Fang and Cao Yu, and Cao Shuang and Sima Yi were elected to power. Cao Shuang"
Worship the great general, fake festival, oversee the Chinese and foreign military forces, record the Shang Shu
"The military power and the regime are all in their hands.
Cao Shuang, the young man, was still very polite at first, and was very polite to Sima Yi, an old senior."
Heng Father's business, do not dare to specialize
”，“
Humbled, then called Yan
", has been unanimously praised by everyone.
However, the power of this thing is more magical, and if you have it, you are afraid of losing it, and if you occupy it, you want to expand it.
Cao Shuang's biggest threat was Sima Yi, and his confidants He Yan and Ding Mi gave Cao Shuang advice, believing that Sima Yi was "
If you have great ambitions and win the hearts and minds of the people, you cannot push them in sincerity
”。 Sima Yi was honored as a Taifu (太傅), and his name was degraded, and he stripped him of his military power, while cao xi, Cao Xun, Xiahou Xuan, and others were appointed to control the forbidden army.
After Cao Shuang consolidated his power, during his reign, his political clique proposed a reform system, which was"
“
"There are mainly the following aspects:
I. Reform of the official system
At the end of the Han Dynasty, officials were selected by ""
Probation
”、“
Conquest
"The rich and powerful basically monopolized the road to career. When Cao Cao was in power, he engaged in it."
Meritocracy
However, the political situation at that time was complicated, and Cao Cao also had to use and rely on various forces, and could not completely deviate from the times for reform.
In the Cao Pi era, in order to counter the growing forces within the clan, under the leadership of Chen Qun and Sima Yi, they engaged in "
Nine products in the right system
", using the warrior clan against the clan relatives.
The Cao Rui era,"
"Gradually reduced to a tool for political groups to compete for the selection and appointment and dismissal of talents, and the door valve clan in power of the central government has mastered"
Zhongzheng official
", you can take the power of the local place into your arms.
Cao Shuang's clique reformed the bureaucratic system, reducing the ccp's power to assess the morality and ability of local officials, and only examining the daily behavior of bureaucrats, in order to weaken the interference of central officials in the localities.
This is actually beneficial to strengthening imperial power and concentrating power, but it will certainly offend a considerable number of important courtiers.
2. Reform of the county system
When you look at the Three Kingdoms, you can find that at the end of the Han Dynasty, many local officials had great power, and the central authorities could not command some Taishou and Assassin History at all, these people held local political power and even military power, and they colluded with local magnates and confronted the central authorities, resulting in chaos. The Han Dynasty's control over these local officials was so weak that it was impossible to restrain them. The parallel administrative system at the state, county, and county levels has also produced a large number of redundant officials.
Cao Shuang's group proposed to abolish the county system, that is, they wanted the power of the central government to be directly inserted into the local grassroots, weaken the local power and stabilize the country. This is also good for centralized power, but it certainly offends a large number of middle-level officials and local magnates.
Third, curb extravagance
This was mainly aimed at the large-scale civil construction in the Cao Rui period, and the conscription of labor forced labor had a great impact on the normal production of farmers.
There is nothing to blame for this reform, not a bad thing.
Subsequently, Sima Yi launched"
The Gaopingling Incident
", the Cao Shuang Group is exhausted, the specific process is clear to everyone, there is not much to say.
Since Cao Shuang failed, the history books certainly wouldn't give him any good evaluation.
1. Sima Yi believed that Cao Shuang had used his power to occupy hundreds of acres of land, which was a heinous crime
To be fair, what kind of fart is hundreds of acres of land, and you Sima family can't occupy less?
2. Cao Shuang took in some of Cao Rui's talents and palace women
"Seven or eight people who had privately taken the emperor's talents, and thirty-three generals, teachers, advocates, and children of good families, all thought that they were happy."
Cao Rui is dead, there are a lot of low-level talents and palace girls, Cao Fang is so young, what use do you want these girls to have? After being dismissed from the palace, there was no family to turn to, and it was not a big deal for Cao Shuang to receive from the palace, so did he have to let the girls go begging and starving to death?
3. Brothers jointly take charge of the Forbidden Army
There is nothing to criticize about this, and it is possible not to grasp the military power? Didn't Cao Cao do that? Didn't you Sima Yi do that?
4. Make a cave room, surround yourself, drink and have fun
It's not a fart.
5. Unauthorized use of Taile musical instruments and arsenals to prohibit soldiers
Saying that Cao Shuang stole something, this crime will be detained for a few days at most.
Sima Yi launched"
", more adventurous, the advantage at that time is still on Cao Shuang's side. However, Sima Yi controlled the family of Cao Shuang's clique, and the two sides met each other, and Sima Yi was sure to kill them and cut them all over the door. Cao Shuang finally gave in.
But Cao Shuang gave in, and Sima Yi didn't cut him all over the door? Of course not, still"
Yi Three Tribes
", the killing is bloody.
The government returned to the Sima clan, and the Sima family won a great victory."
"A complete failure.
After Sima Yi's death, the political power was successively controlled by Sima Shi and Sima Zhao, the talents from the cold door were again ostracized, the brothers installed henchmen at all levels, co-opted the powerful door valves, the state power was used as a political transaction, the ability to centralize power was further weakened, the national strength was dispersed, and the government became more and more corrupt.
Not long after the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty, the nature of weakness was completely exposed, and the scattered power structure could not withstand the destruction of any wild storm, followed by "
Dressed in crowns to cross the south