Zhuge Liang, as the military division of the Shu state in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, was resourceful and no one could outperform him. When Liu Beisan took care of Maolu, Zhuge Liang made a grand plan for Liu Bei to divide the world into three parts. After that, he single-handedly promoted the anti-Cao coalition army, and the Chibi Battle crushed the Cao army in one fell swoop.
Contrary to the image before entering Shu, Zhuge Liang's later Northern Expedition was extremely unsmooth, and six Northern Expeditions ended in failure, and finally he died of illness in Wuzhangyuan.
As for the reasons why Zhuge Liang failed to revive the Han Dynasty, Chairman Mao pointed out in three sentences, pointing out that these three defects were the crux of Zhuge Liang's failure of the Northern Expedition.
Zhuge Liang, who is too clever
Whether it was a straw boat borrowing arrows or a tongue battle group, Zhuge Liang's performance in the Battle of Chibi was as dazzling as the sun, making people dare not look directly. Even Zhou Yu was very jealous of Zhuge Liang, and after borrowing the East Wind, he sent people to assassinate him, because such a person was really a great trouble for Eastern Wu and could not be eliminated.
As a military master, Zhuge Liang was involved in astronomical geography, meteorology and humanities, and even psychology, so he would show unpredictable ability. If such a person does not belong to his own camp, it is indeed difficult to sleep.
Because of this, Liu Bei had great trust in Zhuge Liang, and all affairs were arranged by Zhuge Liang. Even when Sun Quan offered to give his sister Xu to Liu Bei, Liu Bei knew that Sun Quan did not have good intentions, but Zhuge Liang laughed and said that it was okay to go, so Liu Bei and Zhao Yun got up and went to Eastern Wu.
Zhuge Liang did not live up to Liu Bei's trust, and the three tips and tricks made Sun Quan lose his wife and fold the army, and by the way, Zhou Yu was angry and vomited blood. Such a reliable military division was really worthy of Liu Bei's trust in him.
However, everything has both positive and negative sides, and resourcefulness is indeed a rare quality of a qualified military master, but at the same time it also causes a character defect that Zhuge Liang cannot overcome in his lifetime. The flaw is that you can't trust others.
This is the first shortcoming of Zhuge Liang pointed out by Chairman Mao. As a military division, we should have a broad strategic vision, so that everyone can do their duty and give full play to their own strengths. In this process, everyone can also get exercise and grow.
Under the leadership of Chairman Mao, the Eighth Route Army gradually developed and grew in the course of battle, and in the process many talents were tempered and slowly grew into generals. All this is inseparable from the trust and cultivation of the Party and Chairman Mao.
On the other hand, Zhuge Liang, as a military master, almost everything must be done personally. When Liu Bei's group had not yet developed and grown, there were fewer affairs to be handled, so this defect of Zhuge Liang was not yet prominent. However, when Liu Bei entered Xichuan, Zhuge Liang began to be overwhelmed.
Due to the lack of sufficient trust in his subordinates, he did not dare to let go of the training and cultivation of talents, which eventually led to the embarrassing situation of no one available to the Shu kingdom, and "there was no general in Shu, Liao Hua was a pioneer" became the norm in the later Shu kingdom.
Such a country with a shortage of talents can only withdraw from the stage of history in an era of fierce competition.
The art of dispatching troops
In the Battle of Chibi, Liu Bei's clique, as the weakest force, played the greatest role. After burning the serial warships, Cao Cao led the remnants of the defeated army to flee all the way. Zhuge Liang's dispatch accurately predicted Cao Cao's escape route.
After breaking through the interception of Zhao Yun and Zhang Fei, he encountered Guan Yu's interception at Huarong Dao. Guan Yu let Cao Cao go out of righteousness, and Zhuge Liang not only realized the three-legged power structure, but also let Guan Yu repay Cao Cao's grace of taking in that year, which can be described as killing two birds with one stone.
Judging from Zhuge Liang's performance in the Battle of Chibi, Zhuge Liang seems to be very good at overall planning and planning. However, in fact, Zhuge Liang only out of his understanding of Cao Cao, based on Cao Cao's suspicious personality to figure out his escape route, does not show that Zhuge Liang is good at dispatching troops.
After that, Zhuge Liang made serious mistakes in personnel appointments many times, and this was the second flaw pointed out by Chairman Mao: he could not know people and do good job.
When Pang Tong died in Luofengpo, Zhuge Liang, who accompanied Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou, could only accompany Liu Bei into the river. Before leaving, Zhuge Liang asked Guan Yu how to hold Jingzhou, but Guan Yu's answer was to resist the invasion by force, whether it was Northern Wei or Eastern Wu, Guan Yu was not afraid at all.
This answer surprised Zhuge Liang, because "East and Sun Quan, North Resistance to Cao Cao" was a political strategy that had been set long before the Battle of Chibi. Obviously, Guan Yu was proud of his bravery and martial prowess, and did not keep this strategy in mind at all.
Faced with such a dangerous signal, Zhuge Liang did not discuss the matter with Liu Bei after entering Sichuan to establish the Shu state, and Guan Yu continued to defend Jingzhou. For the crisis in Jingzhou, the Shu state did not make the slightest preparation, which eventually led to the loss of Jingzhou, and Guan Yu was defeated and killed.
When the White Emperor was alone, Liu Bei reminded Zhuge Liang that Ma Mo had no real name and was not worthy of a big responsibility. However, Zhuge Liang still sent Ma Chenzhen to guard the street pavilion in the Battle of the Street Pavilion, which eventually led to the loss of the Street Pavilion, and the Shu State was temporarily in a crisis of subjugation.
It can be seen from this that in terms of knowing people and doing good job, Zhuge Liang's skills are far inferior to Liu Bei's. As a military master, you should be familiar with everyone's temperament, personality, skills, and style of behavior, so that you can send the most suitable people to the most suitable positions.
Zhuge Liang's performance in this regard was really unsatisfactory, which led to major mistakes in many military operations of the Shu state.
A misassessment of national power
The third flaw pointed out by Chairman Mao of Zhuge Liang is a mistake in military strategy, the most obvious of which is the wrong assessment of national strength. This is manifested in zhuge liang's six northern expeditions to revive the Han Dynasty.
In the "Table of Renunciation", Zhuge Liang clearly pointed out that the purpose of his Northern Expedition was to "restore the Han Dynasty and return to the old capital" in order to repay Liu Bei's kindness. The deep feelings between the two monarchs and courtiers are really moving.
However, it was also because of the frequent wars that the people of the Shu state were extremely tired. As we all know, the terrain of Sichuan is mainly mountainous, and Li Bai issued an exclamation in "Shu Dao Difficulty, it is difficult to go to qingtian". It can be seen that the Shu Road is rugged and difficult.
Therefore, during the low-productivity Three Kingdoms period, the road system of the Shu state was extremely backward, and the assembly and marching of the army was naturally much more difficult than that of the other two countries. The national strength of the Shu state was also exhausted in the process of this Northern Expedition.
Chairman Mao knew history very well, and was even more familiar with politics and military affairs, so zhuge liang's shortcomings were accurately pointed out in just three sentences. It can be seen that no one is perfect, and even the embodiment of wisdom has irreparable defects.
epilogue
Zhuge Liang, as the core figure of the Shu state group, bowed to the Shu state all his life, and his loyalty to Liu Bei was even more impressive, and his loyalty could be learned from the sun and the moon. But even so, Zhuge Liang was not perfect.
Chairman Mao made a comprehensive analysis of Zhuge Liang and objectively pointed out his shortcomings. These conclusions are summed up by Chairman Mao from his lifelong experience of revolutionary struggle, so that he can make an incisive summary.