When talking about ancient dynasties, people are often most familiar with emperors, and the women and empresses behind the emperors are usually relatively little known, but the Qing Dynasty is an exception, due to the large number of Qing Palace dramas broadcast, people not only know the Qing Dynasty Kangxi, Qianlong and other emperors, but also for their empresses and concubines are also extremely familiar, but there are not many people who believe that there are many empresses in the Qing Dynasty.
The Qing Dynasty was founded by Nurhaci in 1616, and in 1912, Empress Longyu issued an abdication edict announcing Puyi's abdication, and in 296 a total of twelve emperors were passed on, a total of 28 empresses were crowned, of course, some people said that it was 27, that is, to exclude Empress Xiaoliewu Abahai, who was posthumously honored by Dolgun. Among so many empresses, only her son became emperor, and she was Empress Xiaoshurui of the Hitara clan.
Born in 1760, the Hitara clan was a Manchurian Zhengbaiqi native, her father's name was He'er Jing'e, and she was a minister of internal affairs who was born in a coat. The so-called wrapping is the Manchu title of the slave, the status is quite low, the identity of the father is so, the origin of the Hitara clan is naturally not noble, but it is this relatively low status that brings her good luck.
In the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (1774), the 15-year-old Hitara clan was given by the Qianlong Emperor to his fifteenth son, Yongyan, as Concubine Fujin, that is, Zhengfei. The reason why the Qianlong Emperor made this arrangement was because after the "Nine Dragons Conquest" at the end of the Kangxi Dynasty, the emperors learned the lesson of no longer publicly appointing a prince, but placed the holy will with the name of the crown prince on the back of the plaque of the Qianqing Palace, which could not be opened until after the emperor's death.
Since the emperor did not know who the crown prince was when he was alive, naturally he would not form gangs and factions, and the princes would not have all kinds of struggles because of this. However, although the emperor did not say it explicitly, the ministers would also speculate, because they had to be prepared for "one son of heaven and one courtier", and be prepared in advance to show favor to which prince to make a good fortune in the future.
In terms of how to guess that the emperor may be made crown prince, a very important factor is to look at the emperor to choose the crown prince, if the emperor to choose the crown prince of the concubine Fujin status is extremely noble, then the possibility of the prince being made crown prince is naturally very large. The Qianlong Emperor was also well aware of this idea of the ministers, so although he had long intended to make Yongyan crown prince, in order not to let the ministers guess, he deliberately chose a low-born Hitara clan to marry Yongyan.
Before Yongyan succeeded to the throne, the ministers really did not expect Yongyan to become the crown prince to inherit the throne, in 1795, the Qianlong Emperor, in order to show respect for his grandfather Kangxi, let Kangxi maintain the record of the longest reign, announced the voluntary abdication to become the Taishang Emperor, Yongyan ascended the throne as emperor, that is, the Jiaqing Emperor often called in later generations. In the first month of the following year, the Hitara clan was made empress, enjoying the highest glory a woman could enjoy in that era, but died of illness in 1797 at the age of 39.
After the death of the Xitala clan, the man she married when she was fifteen years old, Yong yan, at this time the Jiaqing Emperor made her son Min Ning the crown prince, and Min Ning ascended the throne in 1820, that is, the later Daoguang Emperor, who was the only person in the entire Qing Dynasty to succeed to the throne as the eldest son of a concubine.