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(It's been a long time since I've been talking about gossip, and the main time is spent raising my children...) ）
The small Chinese New Year's Eve, according to tradition, is to sacrifice the stove.
And then because of this tradition, every year on this day you can see a north-south scuffle.
Twenty-three, sugar melon sticky, small year is waxing twenty-three!
No, the twenty-fourth day of the waxing moon is a small year!
In the melee, there were also Cantonese people who weakly said: Ah we are twenty-five...
Some people say that the little Chinese New Year's Eve is not twenty-nine? Thirty Chinese New Year's Eve, twenty-nine small Chinese New Year's Eve, no problem.
Well, which side are you on?
A. Twenty-three
B. Twenty-four
C. Twenty-five
D. Twenty-nine
E. None of the above
Once you've chosen, please read on.
(Eastern Han Pottery Stove)
The small year should be sacrificed to the stove, but it is not equal to the sacrifice stove, that is, the small year
The tradition of mainland ritual stoves is very old, dating back to the Xia and Shang dynasties.
In the Qin and Han Dynasties, the god vesta, together with the god of the door, the god of the well, the god of the toilet, and the god of the middle slip, was responsible for the safety of the family home, and was one of the important "five gods".
At that time, the saying was "Vesta is obscure and returns to heaven, and white man sins." That is to say, on the last day of every month, the king of the stove must be sent to heaven.
Later, I probably felt that it was too much tossing, and finally changed from a moon festival to an annual festival.
During the Southern Dynasty, the sacrificial stove was on the eighth day of the waxing moon, which coincided with the eight festivals of lapa. In the Jingchu Chronicle, it is recorded that "he knew it, and sacrificed the god of vesta with pork wine."
(The Song Dynasty people celebrated the festival and already used firecrackers with gunpowder)
On the twenty-fourth day of the Lunar New Year, the Song people were particularly energetic
By the time of the Song Dynasty at the latest, the sacrificial stove had been merged with the Xiaonian and was set for the twenty-fourth day of the waxing moon.
There is Fan Chengda's poem "Sacrifice stove worship" as evidence.
According to ancient legend, on the twenty-fourth day of the lunar month, the king of the stove wanted to say something to the heavens.
The cloud car wind horse small stay, the family has cups and plates of abundant ceremonies.
Pig's head is rotten and cooked with pisces fresh, and bean sand and pine powder bait round.
The boy offered his daughter to avoid, and the wine burned money stove Junxi.
The son of a fights Against Jun Mo, and the cat and dog touch Jun Mo Mo.
The long and short do not return to the clouds, and the return of the city is begged to return to the points.
Of course, in the Northern Song Dynasty, the small year was not called the small year, it was called "the year of exchange", which means the turn of the year before and after the spring. During the Southern Song Dynasty, it was called "small festival night". The "Past Events of Wulin" records that "the twenty-fourth day of the lunar month is the night of the small festival and the thirty days is the night of the big festival", which can be combined with the Chinese New Year's Eve, which shows that it is quite important.
And it's also quite extravagant.
Even if the Southern Song Dynasty is a small court, it will also set off fireworks in the new year, and fireworks are particularly expensive, "the cost of one combination is equivalent to the property of ten families in China, and it is only a smile in the face of the capital."
According to the "Tokyo Dream Record", on the 24th day of the 24th lunar month, the city of Bieliang is very lively. Rich or poor, everyone is busy buying wine, meat, fruit, gold and silver paper for sacrifice, and horses... Yes, it is the paper horse that Dai Zongbang can travel thousands of miles on his lap in the Water Margin, and it is used to burn it for the stove king as a mount.
(In the Qingming River Map, there is a specialized paper horse shop)
At night, every household must light a lamp under the bed, which is called "light waste", which is a popular folk custom in the Tang Dynasty.
Waste is a kind of ghost, specializing in stealing things, stealing joy, and the people who are wasted will be prone to theft, wealth destruction, and all kinds of troubles and depression. Legend has it that this little devil once stole Tang Xuanzong's jade flute and Yang Guifei's sachet, and Xuanzong was furious and invited Zhong Kui to tear it in half and swallow it... However, this does not prevent it from continuing to harass humans.
On the night of the New Year, the waste is driven away by light, just like sweeping the dust and sending the poor away during the New Year, it is hoped that the new year can be safe and auspicious.
The same is true for the sacrificial stove.
(Sugar melon of the sacrificial stove)
Sweets are used for the stove, which has been used since ancient times
The sacrificial stove is the most solemn part of the small year.
Rich monks and Taoists, those who have no money knock on the wooden fish and count the rosary beads, and those who have no culture also have to chant and nag about using wine and vegetables to sacrifice the stove, and they also have to smear the lees on the stove to try to get drunk on the stove king, which is also "drunk si ming, probably similar to the meaning of trying to get drunk leaders now."
In order to let the god of vesta say good things to heaven, don't make a small report, at that time, the use of not sugar melon sticky, but with a variety of names very good sweets, so the sacrifice stove, also known as "sending sweets".
"The Past Affairs of Wulin" describes the method of sweetening in the Northern Song Dynasty: on the twenty-fourth day, called the year of the year, the stove is made of flower dumpling rice bait, and burned instead, making sugar bean porridge.
The flower dumplings are semi-solidified maltose.
Rice bait is made of rice or glutinous rice mashed with honey kneaded dumplings, well, similar to what Li Ji used when he chopped the snake. The old people in Suzhou now sacrifice stoves and still use rice noodles to make "twenty-four regiments", which is exactly the legacy of the Song Dynasty.
Jelly bean porridge is a kind of sweet porridge that must be eaten in the Song Dynasty, and I have to ask the famous poet Fan Chengda to explain:
On the twenty-fifth day of the 25th month of the family, the rice is boiled to each other like beads.
The big dipper plucked the bell to count the number of mouths, and the plague ghost smelled the incense and went nowhere.
Ginger crumbs poured sucrose poured on the cinnamon, and the slippery sweetness is incomparably better than the yellow sorghum.
The whole family group luan dismissed dinner, and also set aside points in the distant people.
The children in the swaddling are strongly taught, and the aftermath is thin and Zang Qiang.
The new yuan leaf qi tone jade candle, Tianxing has come to wanfu.
The valley is long and ripe, and the bean porridge is divided into strips of wax.
(So you ask me whether I eat Laba porridge as a sweet party or a salty party, of course, I want to adhere to the fine traditions of the Chinese nation...)
Well, congratulations to the friends who insist that the twenty-fourth of the Waxing Moon is a small year, you have won!
Twenty-three of you, you continue to look down.
(Qing Dynasty Vesta Year Painting)
Xiao Nian became twenty-three, Yongzheng: This pot I do not carry!
The custom of offering sacrifices to the stove during the twenty-fourth day of the lunar month was maintained for a long time, until the Manchu Qing Dynasty entered the customs, Shunzhi passed on Kangxi, Kangxi passed on Yongzheng...
Yongzheng, we know that he is an emperor who practices strict economy. Therefore, there are rumors on the Internet that Yongzheng Ye merged the Twenty-Four Sacrifice Stoves and the Twenty-three Kunning Palace Sacrifices out of the consideration of saving money.
In fact, this statement is very unreliable.
Who else could tell us what the Twenty-Three Kunning Palace Festivals are? Regardless of the Customs and Customs, is there a god worthy of a separate sacrifice on the twenty-third day of the lunar month?
In fact, there are sacrifices in Kunning Palace, and the sacrifice is the god vesta.
In the early and middle periods of the Qing Dynasty, the sacrificial stove has always been the twenty-fourth day of the Waxing Moon.
And at least until the Qianlong period, it was the twenty-fourth sacrifice of the Waxing Moon.
Volume XII of the Qing Jia Lu (清嘉錄) "December: Reading the Four Nights to Send the Stove": "The twenty-four nights of the month of lala are the four nights of the recitation, which is the night to send the stove."
In the "Qing Dynasty Wild History Grand View and Qing Palace Testament", it is said that in the Qianlong Dynasty, every year on the night of the 24th day of the waxing moon, the god of the stove was worshipped at kunning palace. Before the shamanistic divination activities began, Qianlong would sit on the kang of Kunning Palace and take a wooden mallet and beat a drum, while knocking and singing "Visiting the Sages".
By the way, "Visiting Xian" is a passage in Luo Guanzhong's meta-drama, also called "Visiting Pu", which refers to the Song Taizu Zhao Kuang Yin Xue's night visit to the sage Zhao Pu to discuss the way to govern the country. Obviously, Qianlong was used to express that he was also a good emperor who worried about the country and the people and paid attention to talents... Sixty years in the reign, every year the festival stove has to sing like this is also amazing perseverance.
(Painting of yangliu qingzao god in the Republic of China era)
Jiaqing: It's dry! But he did not let Er and other civilians follow suit
However, the Qing Dynasty did have a record of the 23rd festival of the Waxing Moon.
When did it start? Jiaqing Year.
Qing Jiaqing's 20th Annual Journal of Wenjiang County: "On December 24, the old god of Vesta played a role in heaven, before the night of the twenty-third day, each with fragrant flowers, wine and fruits, lamps, candy, and money to be sacrificed.
Vesta was still twenty-four, but the sacrifice was moved to twenty-three.
The reason for this change, the more reliable statement comes from the Qing people's notes. It was Jiaqing who did it, in order to take care of his military ministers.
The Military Aircraft Department was the central organ of power of the Qing Dynasty, equivalent to the emperor's private advisory group and secretarial office. The Minister of War was also on night duty during non-war times, lest the Emperor have any questions or draft edicts and could not find anyone.
According to tradition, both official and folk sacrifice stoves are on the twenty-fourth day of the waxing moon, so that the military ministers on duty on the twenty-fourth day of the waxing moon cannot go home to sacrifice the stove, and the tradition of "female sacrifice stove" has led to the inability to sacrifice the stove normally without the main sacrifice of the male host.
After the official sacrifice stove is a day in advance, the military minister on duty can also sacrifice the family stove, which is really very sympathetic.
The so-called upward and downward effect, Jiaqing's change, manchu noble officials and eunuchs have followed suit, and gradually changed customs and customs. The common people who do not need to divide the official stove and the family stove also follow the trend and become noble.
As a result, what was originally only an early sacrifice gradually became an early year.
However, most of the Han people, especially in the Jiangnan area, still cling to the small annual festival of the twenty-fourth lunar month.
Gradually, the saying formed, "Official sacrifice three, people sacrifice four, Deng family sacrifice five." ”
The Deng family is the Yan family, a boat family that seeks life on the water in the Hainan area of Fujian Province. Since the Tang Dynasty, "using a boat as a room, treating water as land", it is still indispensable to sacrifice the stove... After all, they also ordered fire cooking.
Before the Republic of China, the Yan family had always been regarded as a pariah, and even the festival of the stove had to be demoted to a lower level. Southern folklore also says "official three, people four, turtle twenty-five", turtle refers to brothels. "Twenty-five sacrifices, seven upside downs" is to curse people for being willing to degenerate and learn improper behavior.
SO, twenty-three, twenty-five, are you happy?
As for insisting on twenty-nine... We'll talk about it when we're new to the Spring Festival (if we're free).
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