Qian Zhongshu was a young genius, never forgotten, and under the guidance of his strict father Qian Jibo, he learned thousands of miles a day. By the time he was twenty, he was able to write a reply for his old father, who was busy with business. Qian Jibo's intention is obvious, that is, to exercise Qian Zhongshu's ability.
First, we can examine my son's academic thinking ability. As a well-known scholar, most of Qian Jibo's correspondence is related to academia. Mengziyun, who studied alone and had no friends, was lonely and unheard. It is precisely to let Qian Zhongshu discuss and ponder in his interactions with scholars of the world through letters, so that his learning can be further improved.
The second is to teach his son the rules of interpersonal communication, so that he is familiar with the normal state of academic circles, and will not become a triangular bookcase on the ivory tower that does not know human affairs. No matter how good a person's learning is, he also needs to experience the beating of reality to be stable. And correspondence is undoubtedly the best window into the world.
One day, Qian Mu, a clan member, wrote to ask Qian Jibo to write a preface. Writing prefaces for people was the most common form of communication among scribes and celebrities. The preface written by a famous person can add more brilliance to the author of the book and make the book more popular. Originally, Qian Mu had been discussing learning with Qian Jibo in the form of letters, and his proud works often asked Qian Jibo for criticism and advice through express delivery, and now that Qian Mu's introduction to Chinese studies had been written, he was confident that the theory had never been issued before, so he hoped that Qian Jibo, a fellow countryman and predecessor, would write a preface to increase his brilliance. And Qian Jibo gave this glorious task to his son Qian Zhongshu.
So there is qian Zhongshu, which is witty and interesting, and people can't help but look at it, seemingly carelessly and flashing with a mature and sophisticated preface everywhere.
The general preface is mainly based on praise, praising the author's diligence and steadfastness, and praising the author's unique judgment, but this preface is the opposite.
First of all, Qian Zhongshu only wants to comment on the ninth chapter of Qian Mu's book on Qing Dynasty Examination, because Qian Zhongshu has been studying with his father since childhood, starting from Qing Studies, and is most familiar with the history of academic thought in the Qing Dynasty, and the arguments put forward are more fully based and even more irrefutable. But the reason he gave was that the first few chapters were accidentally lost, leaving only nine or twelve chapters, and the tenth chapter was an evaluation of modern scholars, many of whom were still alive, and he did not want to cause unnecessary disputes beaks. So I would like to comment only on Chapter IX.
Then, he put forward a different view of Qing Dynasty exegesis, arguing that Qian Mu did not mention Mao Qiling at the beginning of Qingxue and Did not mention Chen Li at the end of Qingxue, which is obviously incomplete in his overview of Qingxue. Qian Zhongshu believes that Mao Qiling's position in academic history is very important, and his opposition to Zhu Zi's theory is not a prejudice in personality, but a view of his heart, and Mao Qiling's method of opposing Zhu Xi is innovative, jumping out of the old mold of the hilarious hazelnuts, but taking Zhu Xi's always called "doing things for the sake of the museum", "seeing that Zhu Zi is in the transmission, and it is not really able to pay attention." "It can be said that he hit his mouth with his hand.
For Chen Li, another figure in the Qing Dynasty Academy, Qian Zhongshu spoke even more endlessly. This was a character he and his father often talked about when they talked about learning, and Qian Mu didn't mention a word in the book, so he had to argue. As we all know, the Qing Dynasty was famous for its simple studies, and despised Cheng Zhu Lixue, and after examining a subset of the history of the three hundred years, scholars slowly discovered the wonders of Zhu Zixue. Coupled with the decline of the world, many scholars simply accuse the study of verification, believing that it is empty and useless. What makes Chen Li different is that he does not regard Zhu Xi as his own cleverness, but attributes Mao Qiling's methodology of accusing Zhu Xi of Zhu Xi, believing that the source of the Qing Dynasty examination is precisely from Zhu Xi. In doing so, he was not only reconciling the contradictions and conflicts between Song Xue and Sinology, but also trying to resolve the growing academic disputes, and its importance and significance were similar to Gu Yanwu's "classics is the science of science" and could not be ignored.
After talking so much, almost none of them praised the other party, Qian Zhongshu was still unfinished, and then pointed out that Qian Mu quoted Liang Qichao's book of the same name in many places in the book. Qian Zhongshu believes that Liang Qichao's learning is empty and unpretentious and not worth emulating, and the scholar Li Xiang has already refuted it a lot, and Qian Mu is willing to pick up his spit, which is even more commendable. Qian Zhongshu also expressed regret that Qian Mu's book was called Introduction to Chinese Studies, but that he devoted himself to the study of scriptures and neglected the study of literature and history.
It was not until the end of the letter that Qian Zhongshu pretended to be modest in criticizing Qian Mu dazuo with a fragment of a fragment, but still insisted that his statement must be in line with the current Qian Mu and unexpectedly.
It is worth mentioning that Qian Zhongshu also mentioned the word "three corners and reverse" in his letter, which means the same as giving one against three. The implication is that although there is only a criticism of chapter 9, there is no difference between the opinion of the whole book and this chapter, and it is almost equivalent to a total denial.
Qian Mu, who received the letter from "Qian Jibo", cried and laughed, originally wanted to package a new book, but he did not expect to get such a wonderful article. Despite his anger, Qian Mu put Qian Jibo's preface at the beginning of the book and released it together.
From this, it can be seen that the grace of that generation of scholars.
The person who wrote the preface did not pretend to be polite, and the person who was criticized was really tolerant and generous.
Only such an academic environment can give birth to true masters of sinology.
Appendix: Preface to Qian Mu's Introduction to Sinology
Bin SI's book is three years ago. Each chapter is sent in a mimeographed copy for a sneak peek. Sick and lazy, he did not clean up, and there was a shortage of books, but the nine chapters "Qing Dynasty Examination Studies" and the ten chapters "Recent Academic Thoughts" were finally preserved by mail. The remaining eight chapters are all dead. Although, its own eyes, in the ancient people's appearance of the same heart, with the idea of the holy place, then read the ninth and twelfth chapters, and the whole book can be three corners of the opposite. The discussion in the tenth chapter is that all the scholars of the world have the fear of clamping down on the city and the dynasty, and they do not dare to put their beaks. The ninth chapter is actually a fine trial, and it is said that Huang Lizhou, Gu Tinglin, Wang Chuanshan, Yan Xizhai and not Mao Qiling are the beginning of The Qing Dynasty, not Zhou Zaye. The hall is named after Huang Yuantong, Yu Yinfu, Sun Zhongrong and not Chen Li, which is the end of Shu Qingxue and has not been exhausted. Xihe produced zhejiang middle, Yao Jiang zhixue, so it is dedicated to the countryside, and its whole book has repeatedly pushed conscience into the sacred ladder. The "Discernment of Folding Guests" written by Zhu Zi, which is thought to be "the unity of knowledge and action", was also published in Zhu Zi's "Notes on the Mean", and Zhu Zi could not practice it and Wang Jianzhi, almost in his later years. Then he and Zhu Zi are in harmony with each other, and they would rather be competitive than private? Nothing is also known as the accumulation of elements. However, although Mao Shi was devoted to subtle learning, Ya did not want to pick up the remnants of his predecessors and rebuke Zhu Zi with a fragmented hazel. Naiwu is to promote the museum, needle Zhu anointing, from Zhu waste disease, so that Zhu Zi is in the transmission, and it is not really able to pay attention. This inherits the differences and differences between Zhu Lu and Zhu for hundreds of years, and those who enter the room of the Huiguo to wield a spear to cut the Huiguo are also. Learning is new to the ancient, so why should we take up the gentlemen of Tinglin and Lizhou and cover them up? Jiao Litang composed the "Xihe Collection Sequence", which only returned to it with the merits of the beginning ("The Collection of the Scripture Room" "Xihe Complete Collection Sequence", the actual carving is handwritten. See the "Yi Zhai Series" in Mr. Li Tang's anecdote), Guyun Pixiang, that is, Hong Liangpin refuted Quan Xie Shan on the Xihe Zhuwen (see Hong's "Letter to Yuan Zhongjie", in the "Yuhu Inscription Collection", Hong Wen regretted that he did not see it), I am afraid that it is only a famous object, where Mao's spiritual lifeline is, it has not been seen or seen. Mao's use of Zhu Zi's learning to harm Zhu Zi was handed over for three hundred years, and the words of examination were all over the world. Scholars are poor and changeable, and the study of the classics is as ancient as Jiao Li Tang, also known as the Song Shen han of the People of the Times, whose disadvantages are enough to harm the hearts of the thieves (see "On the YiShu with Ruan Yuntai", recorded in the "And Supplementary Zhai Inscription", also carved an anecdote, and the "Yi Zhai Series" did not reach the recipients). It is difficult to suffer from time to time, the world is struggling with martial arts, and those who speak the world have lost their studies and fled to Zhuzi. His wantonness, such as Sun Zhifang and Yao Shifu, is based on Sinology. With a high heart and an empty stomach, Zhu Zigu rebuked Chen Tongfu with the ear of the person who rebuked him. However, the world knows that Song Xue learned from the discourses of the chapters, and there was no way to learn to discuss and discuss. Later, Yong jiazhi was obscured and revealed, and Gai Indiscriminate was then. In the Middle of Yue, Dong Shu Jun did not honor Zhu Zi as a self-respecting person, but the reason why Xi he rebuked Zhu Zi was attributed to Zhu Zi, thinking that all those who ridiculed Zhu Zi were counted and forgot their ancestors. Aiding the Han Dynasty into the Song Dynasty, Yufu Tinglin meant "classics is the science of science", and the intellect was better than Fang's work "Shang Hui". Aren't the two of them enough to be four! Not a word is enough! The theory of Bin Si and the yu are inherently numerous, while the big end is contrary to the difference. His courage to offer doubts and difficulties, the wind behind his ears, the fire in his nose, and his direct Bocai. How dare you help Shan believe it or not! It should be attributed to not being a filigree and not being a teacher. Now, for example, without rice, I have to elaborate on this chapter. Bin Si will laugh at me as embarrassed? This chapter is also in Liang's "Introduction", which is said to be quite numerous. It is not a phrase "sutra is the science of science", but also comes from the Book of Liang. However, Liang Shi couldn't help but be embarrassed and made up his mind. Li Detail refuted it, although it was very detailed, the Book of Foot Sign Liang was at the end of the famous thing, and the omission was also shocking. Bin Si Jia Ren, is also delayed in this Yay? Recalling a little bit that the first eight chapters of this book also specialize in the scriptures, not as good as literary history, controlling names and being responsible for the truth, is it not possible to reconcile with Yu Guoxue? Or did Zhang Huang make up for Tho and have something unprepared? Considering this, the first draft is like this, and the current final version has been added and changed? Bin's four days into no boundaries, and the incomplete basis of Yu's attachment and the unfinished manuscript are newly obtained by fixing the four bins, so it is not enough to fulfill the four bins. Although, Gou Zhengzhi's contemptuous words coincided unexpectedly, then Yu and Bin Si meditated on the expression of speechlessness, and Fang and duling the words of "Old Grandson of Emperor Wuzong" were recited, and they looked at each other and smiled, and they did not rebel against their hearts. Patriarch Kibo is in good order. July of the nineteenth year.