Chiang Kai-shek did not graduate from the military academy, so why did he grow up to become the president of a country? In fact, in the early days of his career, the big capitalists in Zhejiang gave Jiang great help.
Since ancient times, merchants have been excluded from politics, but in the Republic of China period, especially in the middle and early period, merchants entered the eyes of political storms, spending money with big hands, and pushing Chiang Kai-shek to the peak of power.
There are ten major merchant gangs in China, the most famous of which are the following four:
The first is the Shanxi Shang Gang, that is, the gang that makes ticket numbers.
The second is the Anhui business gang, which is good at long-distance trade, and a long trip is half a year or even many years, running around to engage in trade.
The third is Cantonese businessmen, which do not need to be introduced more, and they are blessed by the sea.
The above business gangs, in fact, have little to do with politics, at least in the political whirlpool, they are compared to the Zhejiang business gang, as if they are beyond the dust.
This starts with our article today, the fourth largest business gang - Zhejiang business gang!.
These big compradors, the rich men, plunged headlong into politics, carried Chiang Kai-shek, a warrior, to the throne of supreme power. In terms of their financial resources, it is said that carrying Chiang Kai-shek, even if he carries a pig, can be mixed with a provincial governor.
It is not so much that Shanghai has achieved the Zhejiang Shanggang, in fact, it can also be said that the Zhejiang Shanggang has achieved Shanghai. The first time they threw themselves into politics was when they chose to cooperate with Sun Yat-sen to overthrow the government of the late Qing Dynasty.
After they supported Sun Yat-sen, they hoped to bring a better business environment, so they spent a lot of money to support the revolutionary party, the most representative of which was Wang Yiting, who reached the peak in business and sat on an equal footing with Qi Baishi in art.
But in terms of politics, Wang Yiting strictly speaking, ended in failure, he saw the establishment of the Republic of China, and hoped that everyone would stop fighting and do business well.
But Sun Yat-sen wanted to protect the Fa, wanted the Northern Expedition, and wanted to use Russia's support to defeat the Beiyang warlords.
The Zhejiang Merchant Gang is definitely not doing it, they have spent so much money, they are thinking about how to return to their roots, who knows that after the establishment of the Republic of China, they actually have to fight a war, once the smoke rises, how to do business?
Since cooperation failed, Wang Yiting also engaged in charity in his later years, so he became the largest philanthropist in Shanghai in the old society, and more than a dozen books on the life of this big comprador could not be written.
(Wang Yiting)
There are chaebols and warlords in the south, and the representative figures of the chaebols are Wang Yiting, Yu Qiaqing, and Zhang Jingjiang, the protagonist of our article.
Since the cooperation between the southern chaebols and Sun Yat-sen ended in failure, they did not give up their power ambitions, so supporting Chiang Kai-shek became the only option.
The representative figure of the southern warlords was Chen Qimei, who had a hardcore little brother named Chiang Kai-shek.
The southern chaebols vigorously support Chen Qimei, and Chen Qimei has several major characteristics, one is that he loves to carry out assassinations, the other is that he is poor and militaristic, and the third is that he is fierce and fierce.
(Chen Qimei)
Chen Qimei became fierce and even killed his own people, and after his death, the team he left behind was inherited by Chiang Kai-shek.
Chiang Kai-shek is better than blue out of blue, and in terms of assassination, war, and fierceness, he is far more than the eldest brother Chen Qimei, and he is darker, more belligerent, and more vicious.
And who is Zhang Jingjiang? He is the representative of the Zhejiang Shang Gang, when he first met Sun Yat-sen, Zhang Jingjiang said: In the future, if you lack money, look for me!
Sun Yat-sen did not believe it, so he asked Chen Qimei to try, Chen Qimei was too short of money, because war was a high-tech and difficult work, and it was very much in need of financial support.
Chen Qimei went to Zhang Jingjiang to ask for money, and Zhang Jingjiang wrote one note after another, each of which represented jinshan yinshan and represented tons and tons of silver with white flowers.
After wang Yiting and Sun Yat-sen failed to cooperate, they were willing to admit that they had lost money in business; but Zhang Jingjiang was different, and it was necessary to get it back, and after Chen Qimei's death, the agent trained by Zhang Jingjiang must be Chiang Kai-shek.
There is one point that the author wants to explain in advance: merit is not a posterity comment, Zhejiang Shang gang for the establishment of the Republic of China, is definitely a great contribution, they definitely have national feelings, but they also want to create a more stable society, and then it is easier to make money.
From the political starting point, the Zhejiang Shang Gang and Sun Yat-sen completely went against the grain and went to the left and right roads. The Zhejiang Shang Gang was a big capitalist, while Sun Yat-sen attached great importance to the interests of workers and peasants, and in essence, the contradictions could not be reconciled.
Sun Yat-sen advocated cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and he believed that the three major policies were the future of the country; while most of the people in the Zhejiang Shang Gang were resolutely anti-communist, belonging to the vested interest class, and did not allow the poor class to share the interest cake.
The above is the historical background, in fact, it is only a few hundred words, but the tortuous process inside is very, very complicated.
In short, the southern chaebols had ambitions and began to set off a sea of corpses and blood in the political circles of the Republic of China, and the fishy wind blew all over the country.
Huangpu Island is located near the Humen and Cheung Chau Fortresses in Guangzhou, and Sun Yat-sen wants to transform the Guangdong Army and Navy School here into the revolutionary Whampoa Military Academy.
Liao Zhongkai of the Republic of China was Sun Yat-sen's right and left arm, and many of his work included the preparation for the Whampoa Military Academy.
As for who would be the principal, in fact, this was not an important position at that time.
In late August 1922, the communist Li Dazhao went to Shanghai to discuss the current situation with Sun Yat-sen and to study where the way out for the Chinese nation was.
The two naturally talked about Chen Jiongming's rebellion, and the historical background was that the revolutionary party and the Guangdong warlord Chen Jiongming joined forces to lay a base area in the south. Sun Yat-sen wanted to continue to fight the Beiyang warlords, but Chen Jiongming did not want to start another war.
Therefore, the two sides had different opinions, and the final result was that Chen Jiongming betrayed the revolution, and the Guangdong warlords arrested Liao Zhongkai and almost arrested Sun Yat-sen.
After this incident, Sun Yat-sen and Li Dazhao believed that it was obviously impossible to rely on other people's armies to carry out revolution, so they had to cultivate their own armed forces.
The road of the future Kuomintang is certainly to support workers and peasants with three major policies, and in the process of realizing the three major policies, its own army is indispensable.
Therefore, Li Dazhao contacted from it, and since he created a military academy, he naturally learned from the Soviet Union and needed Soviet support.
A year later, Sun Yat-sen wanted to build the Guangdong base camp for a second time, so he summoned Chiang Kai-shek to serve as the chief of staff of the Grand Marshal's Office.
Obviously, chiang kai-shek represents the team left by Chen Qimei, in fact, strictly speaking, he is Chen Qimei's successor.
However, after Chiang Kai-shek became chief of staff, he always felt that he was not taken seriously, so he resigned and went to Hong Kong. Early in his career in power, such political farces were commonplace.
The reason is that Sun Yat-sen naturally does not attach importance to you Chiang Kai-shek, since you are Chen Qimei's heir, but you Chiang Kai-shek is not Chen Qimei after all, why should you pay attention to you?
Sun Yat-sen wanted to cooperate internationally with the Communists, so he must send a delegation to the Soviet Union to investigate, in fact, the ugly point is to learn from the teacher.
Chiang Kai-shek was far away in Hong Kong, and after learning about this incident, he realized that this was a very glorious thing, and if he could lead a delegation to visit the Soviet Union, wouldn't he have become a stepping stone for his career?
Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek quickly contacted the Guangdong side and said that he had no ability in this life, and he could replace China and inspect the Soviet Union.
To say that the most suitable person to visit the Soviet Union is naturally Liao Zhongkai, but Liao Zhongkai is actually too busy, there are many things to deal with at home, far more important than visiting the Soviet Union.
Chiang Kai-shek lost his temper some time ago, so Sun Yat-sen wanted to take this opportunity to make Chiang Kai-shek mentally balanced, so he let Chiang Kai-shek serve as the director of the delegation visiting the Soviet Union.
This also laid the groundwork for the future Whampoa Military Academy, and Chiang Kai-shek took the people of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and immediately went to Moscow, thousands of miles away.
The Soviet Union overthrew Tsarist Russia and created a completely new social system, the new army was full of vitality, and Chiang Kai-shek saw it in his eyes and envied it in his heart.
Although Chiang Kai-shek had meritorious service in preparing for the construction of the Whampoa Military Academy, Sun Yat-sen already had a suitable candidate in mind for the post of principal, No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, and the number number could not reach Chiang Kai-shek, and chiang Kai-shek was only made the chairman of the committee for the preparation of the military academy.
Chiang Kai-shek said: I am angry, I am no longer dry, I resign, bye-bye!
Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek left Guangdong again and went directly to Shanghai to find his brother Zhang Jingjiang, that is, he entered the base camp of the Zhejiang chaebol.
Sun Yat-sen needed money to organize a military academy, and someone needed to contact the Soviet Union, and it was obvious that Chiang Kai-shek was the most suitable, but Chiang Kai-shek ran away in a negative mood, so Sun Yat-sen was helpless about this.
Although Chiang Kai-shek also participated in the Kuomintang congress, not only did the executive committee members not have Chiang Kai-shek, but even among the alternate members, there was also no Chiang Kai-shek.
Sun Yat-sen was at the time of employing people, but Chiang Kai-shek repeatedly ran away and did not even look at him, which was nothing more than unable to satisfy this person's rights ambitions.
Chiang Kai-shek wanted high-ranking officials, but Sun Yat-sen did not. Moreover, Chiang Kai-shek believed that communism was not suitable for China without cooperation with the Soviet Union; Sun Yat-sen insisted that only the three major policies, namely the United Russia and the Communist Party, could save China. So the difference between these two people is actually very big.
The Communist Party held many important positions in the Republic of China, such as Mao Zedong, who was the acting head of the Propaganda Department, not to mention the communist high-level at that time.
This made Chiang Kai-shek even more unbalanced, and he was not inferior to Liao Zhongkai, insisting that the Communist Party was not suitable for China.
Zhang Jingjiang in Shanghai, on the other hand, already knew about the Whampoa Military Academy, so he waited for Guangdong Jiayin in 1924.
Chiang Kai-shek ran away in disgust, went to Xizang Road in Shanghai, and took his wife into Zhang Jingjiang's home.
Zhang Jingjiang was full of question marks in his mind, saying that the Whampoa Military Academy was about to start enrolling students, and my brother Chiang Kai-shek, why not in Guangdong?
So Zhang Jingjiang asked the reason, why did you come to Shanghai? If there is a shortage of money, my brother has here, and the most important thing in our family is money.
(Zhang Jingjiang)
Chiang Kai-shek was already full of anger in his stomach, and he began to pour out bitter bitter water, saying how much he had made for Huangpu, but in the end he was scolded by the Dian army and bullied by The Smoking Ban Yang Xiyan.
In short: brother I am in Guangdong, mixed so badly. Therefore, if you don't want to organize a military school, you might as well go to the front line to fight.
Zhang Jingjiang thinks: This is also not right? Mr. Sun has made you the chairman of the committee, responsible for the construction and examination of the military academy, is this not a reuse?
This sentence can be regarded as stabbing Chiang Kai-shek's lung tube, and Chiang Kai-shek spat bitterly in front of his brothers, because Sun Yat-sen was also the principal, and at most Chiang Kai-shek was made a vice principal.
As for the candidate for the principal, in fact, it has been determined to be Cheng Qian.
(Song Gong Cheng Dive)
Chiang Kai-shek thinks that he is tired and half dead, but the principal has become someone else's bag, and he is too bad and wronged, right?
Zhang Jingjiang only then knew that when you Chiang Kai-shek came to my house to complain, it was nothing more than wanting to mix with a principal, and this kind of thing is not a hand for our Zhejiang chaebols?
In this world, for him Zhang Jingjiang, for their Zhejiang business gang, as long as it is a problem that can be solved with money, it is not a problem!
Zhang Jingjiang pretended to be very angry, patted the table for his brother Chiang Kai-shek, and immediately said that this matter was taken care of by himself, and Chiang Kai-shek was at ease.
So, Zhang Jingjiang struck! First, Chiang Kai-shek was asked to go back to his hometown to sleep for two days, and he himself began to contact Sun Yat-sen.
In fact, Chiang Kai-shek seriously misjudged the situation, and he believed that without himself and Zhejiang businessmen, the Whampoa Military Academy would certainly not be established.
But in fact, after Liao Zhongkai made a move, the matter of preparing for the establishment of the Whampoa Military Academy soon entered the right track.
For Liao Zhongkai, there are definitely difficulties, lack of people, lack of money, lack of Sino-Soviet liaison officers... Therefore, he sent telegrams to Chiang Kai-shek many times, hoping that Chiang Kai-shek would return as soon as possible and work hard for the establishment of the military academy.
Sun Yat-sen also came forward to demand that Chiang Kai-shek return, and to strictly punish those who had bullied Chiang Kai-shek.
At this time, you kicked the ball to Chiang Kai-shek, the key moment of the preparation of the Whampoa Military Academy, you said that someone bullied you, so you left, and now that Sun Yat-sen is angry with you, is it time to come back? Chiang Kai-shek replied to a letter, first thanking Sun Yat-sen for his kindness, patting Sun Yat-sen's ass, and then talking about Chen Qimei.
The meaning is very simple: although my eldest brother is dead, he always has the face of the eldest brother, right? As Chen Qimei's younger brother, what happened to being a principal?
(Chiang Kai-shek when he was young)
The reason why the author simplified and summarized the content of the telegram is because of the early figures of the Republic of China, who used a large number of literary texts.
For example, Chiang Kai-shek said to Sun Yat-sen in a telegram: "If the comrades of our party can know the Zhongzheng very well, have no doubts about their full-time duties, make them meditate on their own fortunes, and spread out their filipino materials, although they cannot anticipate the enemy as gods and win a decisive victory for thousands of miles, they will advance into battle and retreat, and they will respond to the situation, thinking that they have a long day, and they will not cause temporary chaos, but they will be in danger... Mr. Does not taste the things of the British Soldiers, mr. Expect the middle to be righteous, and now dare to hope that the Gentleman believes in the letter of the British soldiers. ”
With Liao Zhongkai's skill, even if he left Chiang Kai-shek, the preparation for the Whampoa Military Academy would not be a problem at all, so he not only completed his work, but also used Chiang Kai-shek's name to complete Chiang Kai-shek's work.
After the matter was roughly completed, the opening of the Huangpu school was already a foregone conclusion, so Liao Zhongkai finally sent a telegram to Chiang Kai-shek, you love not to come, do not come to pull down.
Chiang Kai-shek was panicked by this time, he was afraid that his brother Zhang Jingjiang would not be able to accomplish this, and logically speaking, he should hurry to Guangzhou, hurry to Huangpu.
But Chiang Kai-shek chose to believe in Zhang Jingjiang, believed in the role of money, and the wealth of the chaebols in the south could certainly be exchanged for power for himself.
Chiang Kai-shek had not yet gone to Guangdong, but his work instructions had already arrived, saying what to do with the military academy and how to pay attention to the details before and after. It is actually useless to say this, because the things that should be done, Liao Zhongkai, have already done it.
Time was testing Chiang Kai-shek's patience, in fact, he was already flustered, when Xu Chongzhi came to visit.
(Xu Chongzhi)
According to Sun Yat-sen's original plan, Xu Chongzhi and Chiang Kai-shek served together as vice principals.
The reason why Xu Chongzhi came to Fenghua Xikou now was because he was ordered to persuade Chiang Kai-shek to return to Guangdong quickly, and this was the last chance given to Chiang Kai-shek by Sun Yat-sen.
According to the status, Xu Chongzhi is definitely the eldest brother, and Chiang Kai-shek is the younger brother, so when the two meet, the younger brother naturally can't avoid a bit of.
Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek said: Younger brother, I am willing to follow my eldest brother in the southern expedition to the northern war, as for the matter of the Whampoa Military Academy, let Liao Zhongkai and Cheng sneak to get away with it, I will not do it!
Who is Xu Chongzhi? Naturally, I know that Chiang Kai-shek's heart has always wanted to become the principal, and the so-called following him in the southern conquest and the northern war is nothing more than angry words.
Xu Chongzhi immediately said, "If you stay in the Xuedou Mountain at the mouth of the stream, you will be confused, and you will not know anything about the world." Tell you, Mr. Sun has asked the Soviet Russia for thousands of guns that are being transported by sea to Guangzhou, and there are a large amount of money..."
According to Xu Chongzhi's meaning, you Chiang Kai-shek immediately followed me to Guangdong, if you seize the opportunity now, you may still become the principal, if you don't go now, you won't even have the opportunity, because Sun Yat-sen is already very dissatisfied with you.
Logically speaking, Sun Yat-sen wanted Cheng Qian to be the principal of the Whampoa Military Academy, and Cheng Qian's descendant Cheng Feng specifically studied this matter.
Cheng Feng said: "We know through the data that Grandpa had a lot of contacts with Sun Yat-sen in those years, and was influenced by Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary ideas, and later Sun Yat-sen said that the United States has the West Point Military Academy, Europe also has a military academy, and our large land and so many people in China should also have their own military schools. At that time, Grandpa had a lecture hall of his own, and he merged his own lecture hall into the Whampoa Military Academy, and when it was formed, Sun Yat-sen praised him greatly and wanted to appoint him as the principal of the military academy. When Chiang Kai-shek knew that he was very angry and did not want to be under his grandfather, he gambled and ran to Shanghai to passively confront him, and sent Zhang Jingjiang to intercede with Sun Yat-sen. Grandpa was a man who never wanted fame and fortune, and the former people planted trees and the people were cool, so he said that he would let him take charge of it. ”
(Cheng Qian and Mao Zedong)
One thing is recognized, that is, Zhang Jingjiang made a huge amount of money, and regarding the specific amount, most historians believe that it is a donation of 20 million. However, some scholars believe that the specific number is unknown.
For the sake of political ambition, the merchants did indeed have a small amount of twenty million, and for them it was a dime, and they justifiably bought a principal for Chiang Kai-shek.
For Chiang Kai-shek, he was a stepping stone to his rights, and he went to Guangdong on April 21, 1924, and five days later entered the office of Huangpu and served as the president.
In the Whampoa Military Academy, when it comes to prestige, Sun Yat-sen is definitely ranked first, and Liao Zhongkai, as the party representative of the military academy, is definitely above Chiang Kai-shek.
(In military schools run according to soviet experience, party representatives have greater power and higher prestige than the principals))
Zhou Enlai, on the other hand, served as the director of the political department at the school, and there were many Communist Party leaders in the school and many Soviet instructors.
Although Chiang Kai-shek was anti-communist, at this time he began to try to disguise himself, swearing that he was "willing to die for communism" because of his excellent acting skills, so Huangpu was called the Red Military Academy.
Ironically, Chiang Kai-shek had the title of "Red" General...
After Sun Yat-sen's death, there were four members of the Kuomintang's power core: Liao Zhongkai, Hu Hanmin, Xu Chongzhi, and Wang Jingwei.
In terms of seniority, Chiang Kai-shek is at best a second-rate, chief of staff of the Cantonese Army, and a principal of Huangpu, how can He De enter the peak of power?
The point is! Zhang Jingjiang, who was lame, entered the city of Guangzhou, the core of the Kuomintang's power, on crutches... Zhejiang's businessmen plunged headlong into the eye of the political storm.
At that time, the power struggle was very fierce, and there were already real power factions meeting in front of Sun Yat-sen's mausoleum to openly oppose the Communist Party.
Liao Zhongkai single-handedly picked up the big beams and sent out "expulsion from the party" one by one, and expelled anyone who dared to oppose communism from the party.
On August 20, 1925, Liao Zhongkai went out to run an errand, and the killer suddenly rushed out, snapping... A random gun sounded, and the history said: "Stabbing Liao case!"
There are still many opinions on who the murderer is, and the murderer in this case has become the biggest mystery in the Republic of China.
(Liao Zhongkai in the hospital)
Immediately afterward, Chiang Kai-shek was responsible for investigating the murderer, and Hu Hanmin, then the Kuomintang's CE0, also believed that the murderer should be investigated and the case thoroughly investigated.
The whole of China is very angry, and whoever is found will be severely punished.
Chiang Kai-shek took advantage of this opportunity to pick out the political enemies one by one, and when he checked them, he found Hu Hanmin's head, frightening Hu Hanmin to run away.
Is the murderer Hu Hanmin? It doesn't really matter anymore, because he was driven out of the center of power.
Chiang Kai-shek tasted the taste of power, and in this assassination case, he gradually controlled the military power in Guangzhou, and then his wings were full.
What is interesting is that Zhang Jingjiang can be called lü buwei of the Republic of China, as if he is the master of high merit; and the big chaebol Yu Qiaqing, who was originally Chiang Kai-shek's cash machine.
When Chiang Kai-shek's position of power was secured, especially after he became related to Soong Mei-ling, the southern merchants began to rejoice, believing that after so many years of pursuit, the time had come to do business freely, and as Chiang Kai-shek's benefactor, he would definitely have a wide source of wealth in the future.
But Chiang Kai-shek will consider, can you support me as a Chiang Kai-shek? Will there be a second Chiang Kai-shek? So he was very decisive and did something to these businessmen.
Zhang Jingjiang was also expelled from the Central Executive Committee in March 1929 at the three major kuomintang levels because of his disagreement with Chiang Kai-shek on "suppressing the Communist Party" and construction, and gradually left the core of central politics.
After graduating from Economics in Song Ziwen and the descendants of Kong Xiangxi's Shanxi Jinshang, the two of them used Chiang Kai-shek's rights to go to rectify the southern chaebols...
In the historical stage of the Republic of China, a series of bloody and cruel political struggles have been staged, from the struggle between you and me in the dark to the warlord melee on the surface.
In this chaotic world, Chiang Kai-shek has never been able to unite the Kuomintang, and although he has formally unified China, he has always wanted to eliminate dissidents to maintain his rights, which in turn has caused divisions among various factions.
Chiang Kai-shek's path to power naturally began at the Whampoa Military Academy, and if Cheng Qian had been the principal, what would history have looked like? History has no ifs, only great regrets.
Zhang Jingjiang died of illness in New York on September 3, 1950. After Chiang Kai-shek learned of this, he set up a public sacrifice in Taiwan, and wrote down the elegy of "losing his mentor", and personally wore a black veil on his arm to personally make the sacrifice.
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