You Yuan was a famous bibliophile in the Song Dynasty, of course, his talent is not limited to this, Wang Wei in the "You Yuan Research Literature Review" in the summary of You Yuan's life made the following summary: "You Yuan's life has multiple identities, officials, writers, bibliophiles, philologists, etc., he can play every role. As an official, he was honest and loved the people and was deeply loved; as a literary scholar, he was one of the "Four Great Poets of the Southern Song Dynasty" and wrote fifty volumes of the "Liangxi Collection"; as a bibliophile, he set up a suichutang special collection for books, and was known as a special bookcase; as a philologist, he compiled the first edition of the catalog "Suichutang Catalog", which was engraved with Li Shanzhu's "Selected Works", which became a very important one of the many editions of the "Anthology of Literature". ”
Entrance to Wuxi Meiyuan Cemetery
You Have so many contributions, this article can only briefly describe them. First of all, talk about his resume, "Wuxi County Chronicle" has a biographical record of You Yuan: "Song You Yuan, the word Yanzhi." His ancestors, the Min people, whose original surname was Shen, came to live in Wuxi because they avoided the king's trial and secrets, and came to live in Wuxi. Weak crown into Taixue, Kuijian Province, Deng Shaoxing Jinshidi, taste from Yuquan Yu Yu Yuyou, Li, Kameyama Mr. Gao Di also. It is taught by Mr. Kameyama's learning, and it is learned to advance. From this, it can be seen that You Yuanben was a Native of Fujian, his original surname was Shen, and he changed his surname to You in order to avoid the secret of the King of Min. In You Yuan's generation, You surnamed Fang settled in Wuxi. He was a jinshi during the Song Shaoxing period and a disciple of Yu Fan.
For his achievements, the "Zhi" said: "Shaoxingjian, Zai Taixing, Jin people entered, Shishu looked at the wind and fled, Yuan Du insisted on not going, looking for recommendation to remove Feng chang." This sentence is somewhat vague, but what it says should be the "Biography of You Yuan" from the "History of Song" volume 389: "The old outer city of the county has been repeatedly damaged by Kou, and it has been destroyed even more, and it is built." The Jin-Yu League, the trap of Yangzhou, and the independence of Taixing to have a city to be complete. Later, because of the old rule, the official Luo Bai said: This 'my parents also. 'Erected as a shrine.' ”
It cannot be found in this area
The "city wall" mentioned here refers to the Taixing city wall in Jiangsu. Because You Yuan in shaoxing eighteen years after the soldiers, once did the Taixing County Order, the county was originally divided into inner city and outer city, for some reason, the outer city was destroyed by bandits many times, You Yuan after taking office to organize people and horses to repair, shortly thereafter, the Jin people tore up the alliance, attacked the Yangzhou area, and the city in this area only Taixing was saved, this is precisely because You Yuan built the outer city, which was regarded by the local people as a regenerative parent. It can be seen that You Yuan is also a good official who thinks about the people.
Saying that he was a famous literary scholar in the Song Dynasty certainly has a source for such a comment. At that time, it was listed by the great poet Yang Wanli as one of the "Four Poetry Generals of Modern Style" ("Xie Zhanggong's Father Sent Near Poems"). In the Yuan Dynasty, the person who most admired You Yuan's poetry was Fang Hui, who said in the "Shangshu Poems of Mr. You in the Early Days of The Journey": "Since the Song Dynasty, the rule of speech must be 'Qian, Chun', and the words and poems must be known as 'You, Yang, Fan, and Lu'. Its first or 'You, Xiao', but the Qianyan flea world is not obvious, the poetry is left in Xiangzhong, there are few heirs, you, Yang, Fan, Lu Te are good at the world. Three complete collection board line, Suichu Mr. Shang Shu Wen Jian Gong Shu Shu ”
In the poetry circle of the Southern Song Dynasty, You Yuan, together with Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda, and Lu You, was called the four major poets, and Fang Hui also said that there was originally Xiao Dezao among these four poets, but because Xiao's poetry collection was less circulated, he was later called "You Yang FanLu".
Sleep in the mountains
However, in the history of poetry, the names of those three poems are much larger than those of Yu Yuan, what is the reason for this? Fang Hui's original text is missing three words, so it is difficult to know its original semantic meaning, but he made a comparative evaluation of these poets in this "Trek": "When the fast is unexpected, it is tragic to let Weng Shan be tragic, but none of them is not natural." Gong and Shihu, crown Peiyu, degree "Sao" comparable to "Ya", Gai are stored in the chest of thousands of books, this ancient flow, is only out, out of nature. ”
Fang Hui said that You Yuan and Fan Cheng both had tens of thousands of books hidden in their chests, so their poems all had a natural atmosphere, and Fang Hui also commented on You Yuan's "Plum Blossoms" in "Yingkui Law": "You Sui's first poems seem weak at first, but they are self-mature after a long time, and there is no trace of an axe or a pound. Fang praised Youyuan's poems here without axe chisel marks, but the evaluation of Youyuan's poems in later generations was actually not high, for example, Qian Zhongshu said in the "Selected Notes on Song Poems": "The poems that have been handed down are very ordinary, and the language used is often vulgar, and it is really impossible to catch up with the works of Yang, Lu and Fan." Qian Zhongshu believes that the standard of You Yuan's poetry is far from being comparable to that of the other three. Why is there such a big contrast in historical evaluation? Here it should be noted that Qian Zhongshu has a definite phrase in this comment, that is, "the poems that have been handed down".
Another parking lot
Why emphasize this sentence? In volume 159 of the General Catalogue of the Four Libraries, there is a volume of the Liangxi Manuscript written by You Yuan, which states: "A volume of the Liangxi Manuscript, written by Song Youyuan. The History of the Song Dynasty contains sixty volumes of the Sui Chu Xiao Manuscript, and thirty volumes of internal and external systems. Chen Zhensun's "Book Record Solution" contains fifty volumes of the Liangxi Collection, which is now long overdue. It can be seen from this that the number of works written by You Yuan at that time was very large, and the number of poems and anthology alone exceeded 100 volumes, in addition to academic works such as "Zhou Li Discernment", "Zhou Li YinXun" and "Lao Tzu Yin Xun", but unfortunately most of these works were lost, and the number of people who have survived to this day is about one percent. Using this one percent of the work to evaluate a person's overall poetry standard is probably difficult to draw a fair conclusion.
Saw the Wen Bao card
Even this one percent of the poems are actually collected by later generations. During the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, You Yuan's descendant You Tong met Zhu Yizun, and after some conversation between the two, Zhu Yizun went home and collected some poems from the collection, and found a total of 43 poems and 25 essays. Zhu compiled these works into two volumes, copied them, and showed them to Youdong, who was very happy after reading them, so he carved out this journal, and then Yudong wrote a passage attached to the inscription:
Southern Song Dynasty poets first recommended You, Yang, Fan, and Lu, the "Four Generals of Zhongxing", And Gaibi's Zhang, Han, Liu, and Yue Yun. Gu Qi's practice of shang, striving to learn the Tang style, by the Yuan Ming, there are few teeth and Song poets. Shōdai, and then the great line. Su and Huang went down, Jiannan was sheng, Shihu was second, and although Chengzhai was clumsy and used a lot, it was also very remarkable. Duwu Zuwen Jian has the "Liangxi Collection" and "Sui First Draft" two moments, placed in the ten thousand volumes of the building, interspersed with soldiers, soaked in and lost, more than 500 years ago, there are widows. At the end of the victorious country, Xishan Gu's ancestors had a selection of "Song Wenjian", and they searched for Wenjian works, which were unobtainable, and only passed on one of his "Falling Plum Words". There is no shortage of bibliophiles in the sea, why is it so unique to my ancestors that there is no one left? Aggressive weird! The descendants are not shawn, they have not been able to abide by the rules, and the sages have entrusted them with grass and recklessness, which is even more painful.
You Tong's saying first describes the status of You Yuan in the poetry circle of the Song Dynasty, he said: After the Song Dynasty, Tang poetry became the dominant part of poetics, and few people in the Yuan and Ming dynasties paid attention to Song poetry, but in the early Qing Dynasty, Song poetry was popular in the world, and You, Yang, Fan, and Lu in Song poetry, the latter three were extremely famous, but You Yuan, who ranked first, was not famous.
Why is there such a result? A few words explained by You Tong are very important, he said: You Yuan originally had his own poetry collection engraved, after the engraving, the books and editions were hidden in his family's ten thousand volumes, but unfortunately, because of the war, these books were all destroyed, so that some people wanted to collect You Yuan's works, but only from the "Song Wenjian" found You Yuan's "Falling Plum Words".
Newly cultivated Shinto
From this passage, it can be seen that You Yuan's poems were very famous during his lifetime, but his posthumous fame was not obvious, and the important reason was that his home was on fire, so that his works could not be passed down. Although the book was burned down by fire in the home, didn't You Yuan's poems circulate in the society at that time? Obviously, this is not the case either. In the twenty-third year of Guangxu, when Sheng Xuanhuai asked Miao Quansun to engrave the "Testament of the Ancestors of Changzhou", he included the Liangxi Testament in the series, and at the same time Sheng Xuanhuai wrote a passage to this:
The right "Liang Xi Testament" is two volumes, written by Song Youyuan. According to Yan zhi, he wrote sixty volumes of "Sui Chu Xiao Manuscript" and thirty volumes of internal and external systems, see the biography of the "History of Song"; there are fifty volumes of "Liangxi Collection", see Chen Zhensun's "Book Record Solution". The Ming "Bibliography of Wenyuange" is not written, which shows that it was already in the early Ming Dynasty. His eighteenth grandson, Mr. You Dong Xitang, received the Xiushui Zhuzhu Yuanben, which contains forty-seven poems and twenty-six texts, which are two volumes, Kangxi Gengchen Fuzi, bamboo yuan for the order, and one percent of the remaining remains. That is, the two sparse "Daxing Taishang Emperor Temple Number" and "On He Zheng Making Improper but Neglected" are incomplete. Broken beads, mirga trove. Daoguang Xin Mi, whose 23rd Sun Xing poems were re-engraved, and the transmission is also rare. Now it is a heavy zi, in order to spread its widely. The re-search found that the "Compilation of the Three Dynasties Northern League" contained one "Huai Folk Song", the "Tiantai Beibian" contained ten poems, and the "Selected Texts" contained one poem to benefit it.
Sheng Xuanhuai's passage briefly describes the historical writings of You Yuan's works, which are based on the fact that they have not been recorded in the Ming Dynasty's "Wenyuange Bibliography", and believe that the works published by You Yuan's works in that year were lost by the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. If you use this passage as an inference, it is very likely that You Yuan's writings were also circulated in the Yuan Dynasty, but unfortunately for some reason, they did not survive in the world, resulting in Zhu Yizun compiling two volumes. The "Testament of the Ancestors of Changzhou" engraved by Sheng Xuanhuai is based on the engraving of You Tong, and at the same time, more than ten poems have been found from his book to supplement it.
From the above description, it is explained that You Yuan was indeed a famous poet during the Southern Song Dynasty, but unfortunately, because his library was burned, most of his books and works were lost, so that only one percent of his works can be seen today.
I inadvertently learned that Xu Shou was also buried here
Although You Yuan's Ten Thousand Scrolls Building was taken away by Liu Ding, his collection of books at that time was indeed very large, and Chen Zhensun said in the "Zhizhai Book Record Solution" that "Sui Chu Tang's collection of books is the crown of the modern world". The name of his collection of books has reached the ears of Emperor Guangzong, so Emperor Guangzong gave him a plaque of "Sui Chu Tang", and Lu You also wrote a "Sui Chu Tang Poem":
When the church was built at the beginning of the year, it was said that it would return to the present day.
The titles of the books are carved all over the house, and I am afraid to be surrounded by books.
It can be seen that the amount of books in Suichu Hall is huge. These books were burned in the first year of Song Baoqing, but fortunately, You Yuan compiled the "Sui Chu Tang Bibliography" that year, so that future generations could know the outline of his collection in that year.
For the "Suichutang Bibliography", the most cited in later generations is a passage in the preface written by Yang Wanli to him: "Extending to the book is not observed, the book is not remembered, and every public retreat is closed to thank guests, and the diary is copied by hand." His sons and daughters also copied the book. One day said: 'The books I have copied, and now a number of volumes, will be gathered and seen, hungry to read as flesh, cold to be read as qiu, lonely and read as friends, and sorrowful to read as jinshi qinser.' 'is the preface to its bibliography. ”
It seems that You Yuan is also a standard bookworm. He liked any book, as long as he had time, he tried to copy it, and if he couldn't copy it himself, he let his family copy it together, and what he called "four dangs" also became a widely quoted phrase in later generations. During the Republic of China, Zhang Yu even gave his own name with this sentence - Si Dang Zhai .
Start looking
Although You Yuan's poetic title was not well known because of the loss of his works, his "Sui Chu Tang Bibliography" had a great influence in later generations. In the third issue of the "Literature" in 1999, Yao Weijun's article "The Management of Private Catalogues of the Song Dynasty" was included, which first said: "Since the emergence of private bibliographies in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the quantity and quality of private catalogues in the Song Dynasty are not only difficult to compare with the previous generations, but even the later generations are rare. This article then lists a number of private catalogues compiled by the Song people, and after this narrative, Yao made a conclusion: "Among them, Chao's "Reading Records of Junzhai", You's "Suichutang Bibliography", and Chen's "Zhizhai Book Record Solution" have the greatest influence. ”
This stone is getting older
You Yuan's "Sui Chu Tang Bibliography" is called one of the three private catalogs of the Song Dynasty, in fact, the three bibliographies are compared, and the Sui Chu Tang Bibliography has its own unique value, Ye Dehui said in the "Shu Lin Qing Dialect • Ancient and Modern Bibliophile JiBan": "Since the engraving of the Xing, so the concurrent speech plate, its example was created in the Song Dynasty You Yuan's "Sui Chu Tang Bibliography". As recorded in the bibliography, there are as many as a few books in one book, including the Chengdu Shijing Ben, the Secret Cabinet Ben, the Old Jian ben, the Jing ben, the Jiangxi ben, the Jizhou ben, the Hangben, the old Hangben, the Yanzhou ben, the Yuezhou ben, the Hubei ben, the Chuanben, the Chuan dazi ben, the Sichuan small character ben, and the Goryeo ben. It seems that the biggest feature of the Suichutang Bibliography is that it was the first to indicate different versions in the catalog, so it was listed as the first private bibliography of the first bibliographic version of the ancient bibliography.
Shi Weng Zhong
Regarding this feature of the "Suichutang Bibliography", the article "Looking at the Achievements of Bibliography in the Song Dynasty from the Perspective of Bibliographic Masterpieces" written by Tuofu and Duan Xin summarized as follows: "First, before the title of the book, there are those who add the author, the author's era, or the way of writing, such as "Zhang Bi Yi Biography", "Zhang Bi Xie Bu Zi Xia Yi Chuan", "Bu Zi Xia Yi Chuan", "Tang Lu Xi Sheng Yi Chuan", etc., so that in addition to the famous books, readers also understand some information about the author and the work itself. The second is to record versions before the title, such as the "Book of the Former Han Dynasty" of the "History Department", the "Book of the Former Han" of the Jizhou Ben, the "Book of the Former Han" of the Yuezhou Ben, the "Book of the Former Han" of the Hubei Ben, and the "Book of the Former Han" in all four editions; under the title of the "Miscellaneous History Category" and "Warring States Policy", there are also four versions of "Old HangBen", "Mr. Suichu's Hand School", 'Yao's's', and 'Bao's Supplement'. All of these are the publication of the editions of books, thanks to the development of bibliography. ”
Xu Shou's tomb, thus turning left
Although You Yuan's writings are slightly simple, they have pioneering achievements, which is also an important reason for their attention from later generations, for example, Lu Xinyuan, a great bibliophile of the late Qing Dynasty, has such a statement in the "Sui Chu Tang Bibliography":
Previous Song bibliographies such as the Chongwen General Catalogue, Chao's Reading Zhi, Chen's Book Record Solution, Zheng's Tongzhi Yiwenluo, and Ma Shiduanlin's Jingshu Examination were all titles, and did not contain engraved or school books, but this book contained the Hangben Zhou Yi, Zhou Li, Ram, Gu Liang, the old jian ben Shang Shu, Li Ji, Analects, Mencius, Erya, Chinese, Jingben Mao Shi, Goryeo Ben Shang Shu, Jiangxi Ben Nine Classics, Chuan Ben Shi Shi, Former Han Shu, And Later Han Shu , "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Book of Jin", Yanzhou Ben "History", Jizhou Ben "Former Han", Yuezhou Ben "Former Han", "Later Han", Hubei Ben "Former Han", HangBen "Old Book of Tang", "Later Tang Book", Chuanben small character "Old Book of Tang", Chuanben big character "Tongjian", small character "Tongjian", school "Warring States Policy", listed editions, and also contained school books, created for the self-published bibliography, Yanling Jishi, Chuan is Xu Shi, "Song and Yuan Carved Bibliography" of the indiscriminate also.
Lu Xinyuan listed several important bibliographies of the Song Dynasty here, and then single-handedly pointed out the list of editions of the "Sui Chu Tang Bibliography", and then concluded that "to create a grid for the self-made bibliography", and because of this, the "Sui Chu Tang Bibliography" was evaluated by Zhang Zhidong in the "Bibliography Answers" as: "It is the treasure of the bibliophile, and the urgent need of non-readers, and it is not necessary." Zhang Zhidong's comments are indeed not high, in the "Bibliography and Answers", he made a dichotomy of the bibliography of the past, believing that the bibliography of the reader is valuable, while the bibliography of the bibliophile has no practicality. However, the purpose of zhang's book "Bibliography and Answers" is to guide young people to understand the doorway of learning, and its focus is not on the collection, so Zhang Zhidong has this saying.