In June 2019, a kind of Ming Zhengde Suzhou Jiaqutang Yuan's engraving "Pi Zi Wen Xue" (Figure 1-4), which was collected by Wu's Gu Yuanzhai in the "Later Compilation of the Bibliography of The King's Ding Tianlu Linlang", was officially entered into the Suzhou Museum. This book is No. 761 recorded in Liu Qiang's "Records of Knowledge and Seeing of Tianlu Linlang" (Figure 5), and the original book contains Tian Hongdu Zhi Wu Yanshao (1869-1944, zi ji Tsuen), who presided over the library of Yenching University from 1929 to 1941. Suzhou Wujiang people. Wu Xiqi's ancestor) Shuzha Yitong (Figure 6), mentioning that Wu Shi "is willing to sell the sixty-four kinds of books of the Song Yuan Ming Tablets hidden by Tianlu Linlang", but it was not sold. According to Ma Heng's Diary, Liu Qiang speculated that at the end of June 1949, Wu Fengpei (1909-1996, the year of the word Jade. Wu Xiqi's father) sold the fragments of his family collection "Tianlu Linlang" at the Forbidden City for a negotiated price, and finally transferred it to the Beijing Library. As for the exact time of the return to the public, the Book of Knowledge does not mention it. In addition, how many kinds of Tianlu Linglang has Wu's Guyuan Zhai collected, and what is the process of their subsequent circulation and their final destination? There are still many unsolved mysteries. Previously, the author had asked Ms. Liu Qiang for advice, and it was still uncertain whether Wu's collection of "Tianlu Linlang" books was really as many as "sixty-four kinds" as Tian Hongdu said. After that, I also asked Mr. Wu Xiqi in person whether the rest of the books in the family, except for one kind of "Pi Zi Wen Xue", knew the whereabouts of the other books? According to family legend, the father and grandfather once sold the book to a student of Wu Yanshao, and since then it has been traced and cannot be verified.
"Pi Zi Wen Xue"
"Tianlu Linlang Zhi zhi zhi
Tian Hongdu to Wu Yanshao Shuzha
In fact, as early as November 1927, in the article "Wu Jiquan" of the eighth issue of the "Character League" "Jinghua Qi Su Biography", a detailed list of Wu Yanshao's writings was listed, which contained a kind of "Two Volumes of the Records of Tianlu Linlang", and noted that "the book no longer exists, and those who see it are scattered fragments, talking about one of the right texts of the Ji Dynasty at that time", saying that the "Tianlu Linlang" book does not exist, I am afraid that it is a pretext to avoid incidents. Under the title of the book "Records of What Tianlu Linlang Saw", there is no "unfinished book" in the notes to the two books of "Bibliophile's Seal Examination" and "Detailed Records of the Princess of the Qing Dynasty", it should have been written or drafted at that time, and whether the content was a record of Wu Yanshao's "Tianlu Linlang" in that year, or even a catalog of his collection of "Tianlu Linlang", cannot be determined until the manuscript is seen. Nowadays, wu Yanshao's manuscripts have been preserved in the Guyuan Zhai, and no such manuscripts have been seen, which is a pity. However, it is not all discovered that in the Wu family's collection of the "Epilogue of The King Ding Tianlu Linlang Bibliography" inscribed tiantou, more than ten Wu Yanshao criticisms were accidentally found, and the books involved were, in turn: volume 2 Song edition of the scripture department "Dongyan Zhou Li Ding", volume 3 Song edition of the classics "Spring and Autumn Collection Notes" (the second part), "Jian ben with notes on the Spring and Autumn Valley Liang Chuanshu" (the second part), volume 4 Song edition of the history department "Shi Ji" (the second and third parts, actually the Ming Jiajing Wang Yanzhe inscription), the "Book of Jin" (actually the Ming Wanli engraving), "Han Jun" The newly entered Confucian Discussion du shi tongdian detailed section (actually the Yuan to Zheng Jianyang Shufang inscription), the fifth Song edition of the sub-department "Chu Xue Ji" (actually the Ming Jiajing Xishan Anguo GuipoGuan engraving), the volume 9 yuan edition of the history department "Song History Full Text Continuation Zizhi Tongjian", the volume 11 yuan edition of the collection department "Daoyuan Xue ancient record", the volume 12 Ming edition of the scripture department "Book Transmission Will Selected" and so on. Wu Yanshao's (Figure 7) criticism is quite casual and does not have a strict style, such as a cloud in the Dongyan Zhou Li Ding:
It is a book with 26 lines and 23 characters per leaf, the first plutonium "Tianlu Jijian" and "The Treasure of the Qianlong Imperial Collection", and the tail plutonium "Tianlu Linlang". The first and last plutonium "Five Fortunes and Five Dynasties Hall", "Ancient Rare Heavenly Treasure", "Treasure of the Eight Signs of Immortality", "Treasure of the Emperor Taishang". It is suspected that it was the first print of Tongzhitang. (Figure 8)
Wu Yanshao (1904)
Wu Yanshao with his son Wu Fengpei and female Wu Yunhui (1926)
"After the Compilation of the Bibliography of The King's Ding Tianlu Linlang", Wu Yanshaomei commented
According to the "Records of The Knowledge and Seeing of Tianlu Linlang", the version has indeed been changed from the Song version to the "Tongzhitang Sutra Interpretation" engraved by Nalan Chengde in the fifteenth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty, and what Wu Yanshao saw was indeed correct. Another example is the second part of the "Spring and Autumn Collection Notes" of the Third Song Edition of the Song Dynasty, Wu Yanshao's approval of the clouds:
"History of Silent Poetry" Zhu Chengjue Zi Dan, shuncheng manshi, also known as Zuo'an. Jiangyin people. Wen Zhengzhong called it ancient and thoughtful. "Reading Minqiu", Ruan Sizong's "Yong Huai Poem" is only five words and eighty poems. Zhu Zidan took the old book from his family's collection and published it in the Cunyu Hall, and there were more than four words and thirteen poems, and those who read it should not look at it indiscriminately.
The discussion does not address the characteristics of the edition of this book, and the content is slightly broad, so it is not possible to determine that the book approved by Wu Yanshao is the collection of Gu Yuanzhai according to the criticism alone. However, there are also a small number of commentaries, and it can be speculated that he may have recorded fragments of the "Tianlu Linlang" that he obtained, such as the second criticism of the "Records of History" in volume IV:
See Volume 52 of 60, the seals are all in character. Twenty-eight characters per leaf, the first volume of zhu wen "Treasure of Qianlong Imperial Treasure" oval seal, the white text "Tianlu Jijian" square seal. The curly tail plutonium "Treasure of the Qianlong Imperial Collection" Zhu Wen and the "Tianlu Linlang" Fang Xiaoyin. At the beginning and end of the book, there are "Five Blessings and Five Dynasties Tang Treasure", "Eight Signs of The Treasure of the Elderly Thoughts", "Treasure of the Emperor Taishang" Three-Square Seal, Ju Zhu Wen. The volume has Xu Mo, Lu Yun, An Di, Zhou Wei, Zi Shou, Yue Yan, Liu Zi, Ang, Lu Feng, Lu Feng, Zhang, Gao Nan, etc., and the names of Gai Zi are also.
According to the "Records of The Knowledge and Seeing of Tianlu Linlang", this book is divided into two places, the Library and Information Center of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics and the National Library of China, which is still incomplete, of which volumes 53 to 57 are stored in the National Library of China, and volumes 52 and 60 are missing today. Volume 5 "Beginner's Record" Wu Yanshao's criticism:
See Volumes XI, Vol. XI, VOL. XII, AND THE SEALS. Twenty lines and eighteen characters per page, the characters are clearly drawn, and the beginning and end are "Five Blessings and Five Dynasties Tang Treasure", "Eight Signs of The Treasure of the Elderly Thoughts", "Treasure of the Emperor Taishang", the three-square seal, Ju Zhu Wen. In front of the volume, "Tianlu Jijian" square seal white text, "Qianlong Imperial Treasure" oval print Zhu text. Tail same. At the end, there is also the square seal of "Tianlu Linlang".
According to volume XI, there is also a rectangular small seal of "Wenzhuang Jiaxue", but the ear is not clear.
Volume XII does not have "Fushan Xu's Books", Gai XI and XII are bound to one volume, "Fushan Xu's Books", "Kunhui's", "Wenshi ZhuXiangyuan's", "The Seal of the Imperial Guard", "Gaoyang's Huai Rongtang", and "Taishi Bull Horse Walk" are printed on the last page.
According to the "Records of The Knowledge and Seeing of Tianlu Linglang", this book is incomplete and is divided into the National Palace Museum in Taipei and the National Library of China. The National Library of China has volumes 11 and 12, bound together, or the book written by Wu Yanshao. When Zhang Yunliang compiled the "Bibliography of the Forbidden City" in 1934, he said that the eleventh and twelfth volumes were missing, which involved the time issue of Wu Yanshao's jingyan or obtaining this batch of "Tianlu Linlang". We can look back at the suzhou museum's newly inscribed "Pi Zi Wen Xue", one of the four volumes of this book is a supplementary manuscript of the Republic of China, strictly speaking, it is also a fragment, and the front side of the book has the inscription of Zhang Yu (1864-1937), saying "From Wujiang Wu Ji Tsuen Neihan Zhai Head View", when xin Wei Lixia (Figure 9), that is, the twenty years of the Republic of China (1931). It was four years later than in 1927, when the eighth issue of the Word League was published.
"Pi Zi Wen Xue" Zhang Yu Bao
Regarding the time when Wu Shi was awarded the "Tianlu Linlang" collection, is there any clue earlier than Zhang Yunliang's "Bibliography of the Forbidden City" and even the relevant records of the eighth "Character League"? The answer is yes, that is, Wu Yanshao's same year and relative Deng Bangshu (1868-1939) inscribed on the Yuan to Yuan Jianyang Shufang engraving "Detailed Sections of the New Confucian Discussion du shi tongdian". This book is incomplete, fragments are divided into the National Palace Museum in Taipei, the National Library of China, the Fu Sinian Library of the Academia Sinica in Taipei, and the first volume is found in poly's 2008 autumn auction, which can be said to be completely fragmented. The key evidence is in volumes 5, 28 to 32 of the Fu Si Nian Library, which contains an inscription by the old master, Deng Bangshu:
In February of Xin You, in the same year, Zhai Tou suddenly obtained two fragments, which were hidden by the Inner Government, and checked the volume of the volume, which was enough to fill the gap of my book, then volume five volumes, and twenty-eight to thirty-one volumes, all four volumes, so that my book got twenty-five volumes, and the remnants were less than half of them. Yu Felt the meaning of sending Tsuen to give, especially remembered here, he pretended to be a day, and then wrote it. Xin You, February 3, Qunbi.
Xin You is the tenth year of the Republic of China (1921), which proves that wu shi had obtained this fragment of "Tianlu Linlang" before this year. At that time, Puyi had not yet left the palace, and it was not until July 13, 1922 that Puyi had taken the "Tianlu Linlang" collection out of the Qing Palace in the name of rewarding Pujie, and Wu Yanshao's obtaining the fragment of "Tianlu Linlang" was even before that. Although Wu Yanshao successively served as the secretary of the cabinet and the head of the Li Fan Yuan, he did not have the opportunity to casually review the Qing Palace's "Tianlu Linlang" collection. Moreover, it is even more difficult to take the "Tianlu Linlang" book out of the palace without permission. And Wu Yanshao is deeply familiar with the study of the catalogue version, if there is really a chance to take the book out of the palace, not to mention the first selection of the fine book, it will inevitably take the beginning and end of the complete, the quality is good, and now the Wu's collection of "Tianlu Linlang" is a fragment, there are decay and damage, so it is likely that those who do not understand the books are arbitrarily extracted, stealing out of the forbidden palace to seek small profits, and only by chance and coincidence, they entered the Wu family's Solid Pavilion.
Regarding the number of fragments of "Tianlu Linlang" obtained by Wu Yanshao, I have not seen that I have left a detailed record. The 64 species mentioned in Tian Hongdu's book must not include a fragment of the "Detailed Section of the New Confucian Discussion of Du Shi Tongdian" (Figure 10) that Wu Yanshao sent to Deng Bangshu in February 1922. The transfer of the fragments of "Tianlu Linlang" to the library of Yenching University, as mentioned above, has not been agreed, and Ma Heng's Diary, june 25, 1949, is clearly proof:
Liu Houzi called, saying that Wu Jiquan's brother would visit within a few days, and that the remnants of the "Tianlu Linlang" book in his family's collection had not yet been sold, and among them were those who could make up for the lack of the hospital's collection. More than ten years ago, Li Xuanbo had negotiated with him, but he did not reconcile, and now he intends to re-mention the old case to receive it.
It can be seen that Wu Fengpei (Figure 11) contacted the Palace Museum to transfer the "Tianlu Linlang" that his father Wu Yanshao had not sold before, through the introduction of his classmate and friend Liu Huisun (1909-1996, formerly known as Houzi). Prior to this, from 1926 to 1933, when Li Zongdong was the secretary general of the Palace Museum, Wu Yanshao also approached him to sell the fragments of "Tianlu Linlang", but it was fruitless.
On June 27, 1949, Wu Fengpei interviewed Ma Heng (Figure 12) with his bibliography. "Ma Heng's Diary" said: "Wu was the son of the deceased, and there were dozens of fragments of Tianlu's book collection, copied a catalogue to see the instructions, and when the YuLou was checked, he negotiated with the price." Feng Pei is a graduate student at Peking University, studying frontier historical materials, and also the Prince of Hun Shijia" (潣世佳公子也)." After that, Ma Heng did not talk about the fragments of the Wu family, only a simple record of "Wu Yu's Talks on the Year" on May 27, 1951. However, according to Xiang Si's "Records of the National Treasures of the Forbidden City Circulating Outside the Palace" excerpted from july 11, 1951, "The Palace Museum Archives and the Palace Museum on the Acquisition of Wu Fengpei's Tianlu Linlang Books" and "Attached Bibliography", the Palace Museum successfully acquired sixty-one rare books of the Wu family's "Tianlu Linlang" collection in July 1951, and Wu Yanshao and Wu Fengpei had kept the old collections of the Qing Palace for more than thirty years, and finally returned to the Forbidden City.
Wu Fengpei (1935)
Ma Heng
According to the archives of the Palace Museum, of the sixty-one fragments of the "Tianlu Linlang" acquired, fourteen of them can be completely matched with the collection of the Palace Museum Library, including: the Song version of "Bao Xiaosu Song Discussion" and "Baikong Liu Ti", the yuan version of "Five-Tone Cluster Four Voices", "Jin Shi", "Qianjia Zhu Du Poems", "Li Taibai Poems", "Zhenxishan Anthology", the Ming edition of "Guwenyuan", "Qianjia Zhu Du Poems", "Ouyang Wenzhong Gong Collection", "Chu Xue Ji", "Bai Changqing Collection", "Donglai Annotation Yingbin Collection", "Wuxi Collection" and so on. The other forty-seven kinds, in addition to the "Baichuan Xuehai" edition of "Liuyi Poetry", the rest are rare books written in the "Tianlu Linlang Bibliography", including: the Song edition of the "History", "Book of Han", "Book of Jin", "Zhuzi Language", "Correction of the Detailed Section of the Northern History", "Zhuchen Song Discussion", "Guwenyuan", etc., the Yuan edition of "Tongzhi", "Yunfu Qunyu", "Du Shi", "Seventeen History Detailed Festivals", "Former Han Book", "Later Han Book", "Jin Shi", "National Policy", "Ritual Classics", "Li Taibai Collection", etc., Ming edition of "Old Book of Tang", "Xuehai", "Qunshu Kaoso" and so on.
Xiang Si recorded that Wu Shi had transferred sixty-one kinds of books, except for one, there were actually sixty kinds of fragmentary books of "Tianlu Linlang", plus one kind of "Pi Zi Wen Xue", a total of sixty-one kinds, which was not far from the sixty-four kinds of books mentioned in Tian Hongdu Shuzha. Among these books, there are more than ten kinds of antagonists annotated by Wu Yanshao in Wu Shizang's book "The Later Compilation of the Bibliography of The Heavenly Lu Linlang of The King", such as the "Book of Beginners", "The History of History", "The Book of Han", "The Book of Jin" and so on. There are another forty or fifty species, wu Yanshao did not annotate, and the palace museum archives provide us with more information. For example, the first of the fourteen kinds, "Bao Xiaosu Concerto Discussion", which was immediately the "Tianlu Linlang Zhizhi ZhizhiLu" No. 599 Ming Chenghua engraving "Xiaosu Bao Gong Concert Discussion Collection", was transferred from the Palace Museum in 1959 to the Beijing Library in five volumes, and combined with the collection of the Liaoning Provincial Museum to form a complete book;
Second, the National Library of China's collection of the Remaining Volumes 54 and 55 of the Baikong Liu Ti, namely Zhi Jian Lu No. 734 (3), can be combined with the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei to form a complete book. This volume is likely to have been sold by Wu to the Forbidden City in 1959 as a whole to Beitu;
The third, "Five-Tone Cluster Four-Tone", that is, "Zhijianlu" No. 586 "Modification and Merger of Five-Tone Clustered Four-Tone", the Collection of the National Palace in Taipei, missing volume 41, is now in the National Library of China, which may be sold by Wu;
The fourth, the History of Jin, known as Zhijianlu No. 589, is in the National Library of China, and the forty-seven volumes were transferred from the Palace Museum to The North Map in 1959;
The fifth type, "Qianjia Zhu Du Poems", that is, "Zhi Jian Lu" No. 620 (2) "Collection of Qianjia Zhu Classification Du Gongbu Poems", of which volumes 1 to 8, 14 to 25, anthology volumes 1 to 2, 5 volumes, transferred from the Forbidden City to The North Map in 1959;
The sixth type, "Li Taibai Poems", that is, "Zhi jian lu" No. 620 (3) "Classification Supplemental Notes on Li Taibai Poems", the entire collection of the National Library of China, volumes 1 to 6, 10 to 25 of the seventh volume, transferred from the Palace Museum to the North Map in 1959;
The seventh type, the Zhenxishan Anthology, that is, the ZhijianLu No. 629 (3) "Mr. Xishan Mr. Zhenwenzhong's Collected Writings", the National Library of China has a collection of thirteen volumes, which can be combined with the collection of the National Palace museum in Taipei.
Judging from the above seven kinds of books examined, it is not difficult to find that the palace museum archives determine that "it can be completed with the collection of the palace library", some of which should be combined with books, and half of them are collected in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. The reason for this embarrassment is reminiscent of Ma Heng's diary mention that he entrusted Zhang Yunliang (1889-1952, ZiYulou) with the work of checking the catalogue of Wu's Gu Yuanzhai to "Tianlu Linlang". It is very likely that Zhang Shi only simply checked the catalog, and the reference catalog was still the "Bibliography of the Forbidden City" printed in 1934 and compiled by himself, and without entering the library to review the physical objects one by one, he wrote "The Palace Museum on the Acquisition of Wu Fengpei Tianlu's Books" and "The Attached Bibliography", so that some of the books that were thought to be able to be combined at that time are still stored on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
At this point, it can be clear that Wu Yanshao has obtained a batch of fragments of "Tianlu Linlang" at least before 1921, and the specific source is yet to be discovered by new materials. In February 1921, Wu Yanshao gave two volumes of the fragment of "Tianlu Linlang" "New Confucian Discussion on Du's General Dictionary" to Deng Bangshu, and after the Qunbilou collection was sold to the Institute of History and Language of the Academia Sinica, it was moved to Taiwan with the institute, becoming a special case of Wu's old collection "Tianlu Linlang" entering Taiwan. Of the remaining sixty or so species, Wu Yanshao contacted Tian Hongdu, Li Zongdong, and others before the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and intended to sell them to the library of Yenching University and the Palace Museum, but all of them were fruitless. In June 1949, Wu Fengpei contacted the Palace Museum to prepare the sale of sixty-one fragments of "Tianlu Linlang", and after two years of contact, it was formally acquired in July 1951, and the details and bibliography can be found in the archives of the Palace Museum. In 1959, as part of the Collection of the Forbidden City, the books were transferred to the Beijing Library, which is now the National Library of China. Wu Guyuanzhai's own Ming Zhengde engraving "Pi Zi Wen Xue", which was preserved by Wu Yanshao, Wu Fengpei, and Wu Xiqi's grandchildren for three generations, was sent back to his hometown of Suzhou this year, and returned to the public collection, which can be described as a good thing.