Xu Guangping Zengyun: "Deep in Jingyun is my home. ”
Walking into Lane 35 of Yokohama Road, the second row of lanes in Jingyunli walked slowly to the end, and the house number on the front of the door was displayed as No. 23. "Yes, it should be here..."
Someone came to see an elderly grandmother mopping the floor, and Shunshi asked, "Grandma, this is where Mr. Lu Xun lived, right?" "Yes, Nong looked at a sign that said, 'Lu Xun's residence.'"
On the closed black lacquered door, the old mailbox on one side is rusty, and the other side is black on a red background, with a large blessing character, adding a little vitality to this nearly hundred-year-old house.
Jingyunli 23
More than 40 years ago, 79-year-old Liu Apo came to live here because of the division of the unit, and accidentally became the neighbor of Lu Xun's former residence.
"There are more people coming, but not many locals. There are many people who speak Japanese, English, and Russian, but one thing, they can all speak Chinese. Presumably, most of them were foreign scholars who studied Lu Xun. They couldn't see the end of it along the crack of the door, tapped the door panel, and there was no response, often turning to talk to Liu Apo twice, "Will ask me, is there anyone living inside?" I always told them that the house was inhabited by ordinary people like me. ”
Just speaking, Liu Apo's husband saw that people wanted to find a good angle to take a picture, the old man graciously invited him into his own door, signaled to cross the threshold, moved a few steps, raised the camera, and looked from the frame, "Sure enough, this angle can just put the 23rd panorama into the frame." ”
(i)
On October 3, 1927, Mr. Lu Xun and Xu Guangping arrived in Shanghai in the afternoon and stayed at the Republic Hotel.
Do you want to settle in Shanghai? Lu Xun did not make up his mind at first, but he was in Shanghai for a few days, many friends visited, ushered in the sending found that his partner Beixin Bookstore has taken root in Shanghai, the third brother Zhou Jian is also in Shanghai, and Shanghai has a strong cultural atmosphere, many bookstores, Xu Guangping also has many classmates living in Shanghai.
Therefore, Lu Xun was moved and began to want to live in Shanghai. On October 8, 1927, Lu Xun's diary mentioned: "In the morning, I moved from the Republic Hotel to Jingyunli Apartment. ”
Lu Xun's third brother Zhou Jianren rented No. 10 Jingyunli. Earlier, when the two went to visit Zhou Jianren, they entrusted him to find a house, and soon learned that Jingyunli No. 23, which was diagonally opposite the door, was vacant. On October 8, the two moved into Jingyun.
On October 4, 1927, a group photo of Lu Xun on the second day of his arrival in Shanghai (Zhou Jianren, Xu Guangping, and Lu Xun in the front row from left, and Sun Fuxi, Lin Yutang, and Sun Fuyuan in the back row from left)
"Coincidentally, the other two literary scholars, Mao Dun and Ye Shengtao, were several months ahead of Lu Xun and also lived in Jingyunli No. 11 A and No. 11 successively." Zhang Jiahe is the chief preacher of Hongkou Memory Transmission Studio. On this day, it was under his guidance that the reporter found this secret place of the city.
"In the late 1920s, there were six cultural celebrities living here at the same time, five of whom were literary artists: Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Ye Shengtao, Feng Xuefeng and Rou Shi." Speaking of this, Zhang Jiahe's tone involuntarily slowed down, and suppressed and frustrated, "So now this seemingly inconspicuous alley has an average of four meters to live a cultural celebrity, and such cultural density is extremely rare in Shanghai and even the whole country." ”
(ii)
Jingyunli is not only the starting point of Lu Xun's nine glorious years in Shanghai, but also the birthplace of Mao Dun's pen name.
Two months before Lu Xun arrived in Shanghai, Mao Dun stayed at Jingyunli No. 11 A. After the defeat of the Great Revolution, Mao Dun returned to his home in Shanghai to learn that he was wanted, so he closed the door and lived in seclusion at home to write.
Therefore, although Mao Dun and Lu Xun lived diagonally opposite the door, Lu Xun only visited Mao Dun's house once accompanied by his third brother.
Left: Jingyunli No. 11 Right: Jingyunli No. 11 A
In the ten months of Jingyun, Mao Dun completed the trilogy of "Eclipse" ("Disillusionment", "Shake", and "Pursuit"). During this period, halfway through the writing of "Disillusionment", Mao Dun casually signed the pen name of "Contradiction" under the title of the book and asked Ye Shengtao, who lived next door, for advice.
Mao Dun's 1957 "Afterword" of the new edition of "Eclipse" once mentioned that taking the pseudonym "contradiction" was inspired by the many contradictions he saw in social reality and people's thoughts at that time.
Ye Shengtao believes that using the word "contradiction" as a pen name looks like a pseudonym at first glance, and it is better to add a cursive prefix to the word "spear". The surname Mao is not in the minority, which seems to be less noticeable and retains the pronunciation of 'contradiction'. Mao Dun readily agreed after hearing this.
After the birth of the pen name "Mao Dun", many people thought that this was a literary rising star. After Xu Zhimo read "Disillusionment", he felt that this novel was not something that ordinary people could write, so he asked Ye Shengtao: "Who is Mao Dun?" Ye Shengtao smiled back and said, "Confidentiality, I can't tell you." ”
(iii)
Interestingly, although Lu Xun only lived in Jingyun for two years, seven months and four days, he moved twice, but he never moved out of this small alley that was just over 20 meters long.
The first time he moved, Lu Xun moved from No. 23 at the end of the alley to No. 18 in the front section of the alley.
Although Jingyunli No. 23 is a Shikumen house in the deepest part of the lane, the next lane is very noisy, and there are often radio sounds in the middle of the night, and the singing sound of "babbling and babbling" in the radio waves often disturbs Lu Xun's writing thoughts and makes him overwhelmed.
Some small friction between neighbors is also one of the reasons for moving.
Xu Guangping once recalled that across the back door lived a listed barrister. The barrister's children were very naughty, often throwing stones and mud and sand into Lu Xun's family when cooking. Zhang Jiahe said with a smile that the big gentleman with cold eyebrows and fearful eyes had no problem encountering neighborhood disputes, so he had to move.
In 1928, just in time for Jingyunli No. 18 to be vacant, Lu Xun chose No. 18 as his second home in Shanghai, and invited his third brother Zhou Jianren's family to move from No. 10 on the opposite door to live together.
However, soon, the two families found that the taste of each other's meals was not similar, and Zhou Jianren's children were too small, and the children's noisy noises often made it difficult for Lu Xun to write.
Jingyunli No. 17
In December 1928, Xu Guangping became pregnant, and considering the need for Xu Guangping's safe fetus, Lu Xun decided to move out. In February 1929, Lu Xun lived in Jingyunli No. 17, a wall away, and the location of No. 17 was at The Entrance of The Alley, supposedly because Lu Xun liked its south-facing and east-facing direction.
(iv)
In September 1928, a tall young man with black-rimmed glasses moved into Jingyun and became Lu Xun's neighbor, and he was Roushi. At that time, Roushi was introduced by Lu Xun and stayed in Jingyunli No. 23.
Soft stone
"Lu Xun admired Roushi very much, and even let Roushi partner in his home to solve the problem of roushi's three meals a day." Soon the two became friends. Zhang Jiahe consulted a large number of materials and found that in the more than two years that Lu Xun and Roushi had befriended, Roushi's name had appeared in Lu Xun's diary more than a hundred times.
Lu Xun is a friend and a teacher to Roushi. Feng Xuefeng, who succeeded Mao Dun in Jingyunli No. 11 At that time, once said: "In Roushi's mind, Mr. Lu Xun is simply a loving master of his, or even a loving father, but he is not a great person..."
Together, they founded the Asahi Society. When Roushi could not make a living on the manuscript fee alone, Lu Xun recommended to the Beixin Bookstore to let him take over the compilation of "Yusi", so that Roushi had a fixed income of dozens of yuan per month.
Lu Xun also wrote a preface to his novel February, which he called "excellent work". In Lu Xun's mind, Roushi was "the only one in Shanghai who not only dared to talk and laugh casually, but also dared to entrust him with some personal affairs." ”
On the night of February 7, 1931, Rou Shi, Yin Fu, Feng Hao, Hu Yipin, Li Weisen, and other five left-wing writers and other revolutionaries, totaling 24 people, were collectively and secretly shot in the wilderness of Longhua, and Rou Shi was shot ten times in his body.
When the bad news came, Lu Xun was extremely sad and lamented that he had lost a very good friend and that China had lost a very good youth. Late one night, Lu Xun wrote down a famous work that Guo Moruo commented on as "mournful and moving, can be called a masterpiece of mourning":
Accustomed to long nights in the spring, the woman will have silky sideburns.
In the dream, there were still tears of the mother, and the head of the city changed the banner of the king.
Bear with watching his peers become new ghosts, angrily looking for small poems in the knife bush.
There is no place to write, and the moonlight shines like water on the clothes.
(5)
In just 20 meters of small alleys, in Jingyunli No. 23, Lu Xun and Xu Guangping established a small family; on the 18th, Lu Xun and Roushi became friends with both teachers and friends; on the 17th, Lu Xun ushered in the birth of his son Zhou Haiying...
Lu Xun's family photo (100 days after Zhou Hai's birth)
In the two years and seven months of jingyunli life, Lu Xun worked tirelessly, editing the weekly magazine "Chaohua", the quarterly magazine "Literary and Art Studies", the monthly magazine "Bud", the monthly magazine "Running Current", etc., publishing the essay collection "Chao Hua Xi Shi" and the essay collection "The Collected Works", translating many overseas literary theoretical works such as "The Problems of Modern Emerging Literature", "Art Theory", "Literature and Art and Criticism" and so on.
At the same time, Lu Xun also joined the Great Alliance of the Chinese Freedom Movement led by the Communist Party of China, actively participated in the initiation of the Chinese Left-Wing Writers Alliance, and led the left-wing cultural movement.
And his neighbors also ushered in the glorious moments of their literary careers in Jingyun.
In 1928, Ye Shengtao wrote the first novel of real significance in the modern Chinese literary world, "Ni Huanzhi". Ba Jin's "Demise", Ding Ling's "Mengke", "Ms. Sha Fei's Diary", Dai Wangshu's "Rain Lane", Shi Jingcun's "Silk Girl", and shen Congwen, Zhu Ziqing, Wang Tongzhao, Lu Yan and other works were all published in the "Novel Monthly" by Ye Shengtao's hand.
Mao Dun completed the novella "Disillusionment" here, Rou Shi's "February" and "Mother for Slaves" were also written here, and Feng Xuefeng completed his "Theory of Literature and Art" here...
Why did The Little Jingyunli become a gathering place for cultural celebrities and a source of progressive culture in that era?
"Jingyunli is neither a concession nor an ordinary Chinese boundary, it belongs to the cross-border road construction area..." Ge Jianxiong, a professor at Fudan University, said of Jingyunli at a sharing meeting: "Lu Xun once called it a 'semi-concession', and the safety and basic conditions are better than the general Chinese boundary." The special political ecology of the 'semi-concession' provided a space for the revolutionaries to hide and shelter. ”
The rent is cheaper than the concession, and it is close to the train station and convenient transportation. At that time, it was possible to walk from the North Railway Station on Baoshan Road to Yokohama Road, and there was also a railway station on Tentongan Road not far away. More importantly, the Commercial Press is on Qingyun Road and Tiantong'an Road, which is extremely convenient for writing and publishing books, and many staff of the Commercial Press have invariably chosen to live in Jingyun.
Nowadays, when you walk through Duolun Road and come to Hengbang Road, don't hurry through, don't forget to look for a scenery in the clouds, push open the half-hidden iron door, trace and find this "Shanghai Cultural Celebrity First Mile", and have a dialogue with Mr. Da and his literary neighbors through time and space.
(The above information photos come from the Internet, and some of the content refers to the official micro of "Shanghai Lu Xun Memorial Hall")
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