On December 22, 2004, Comrade Bo Yibo published an article in the newspaper entitled "Tribute to Comrade Gu Jingsheng," in which he mentioned that Gu Jingsheng was one of the main leaders of the "129 Movement," "but he was silent about his contributions for a long time, showing the lofty ideological realm of a communist." ”
At this time, General Gu Jingsheng had just died more than a month ago. In the long revolutionary career, Bo Yibo and Gu Jingsheng established a deep comrade-in-arms friendship, and later due to the marriage of their children, the relationship between the two was also closer.
General Gu Jingsheng
Therefore, Bo Yibo published a special signed article in the newspaper, highly praised Gu Jingsheng's brilliant life, and expressed his sincere nostalgia for this old comrade-in-arms.
But in the world's impression, in the star-studded group of founding generals, the name Gu Jingsheng seems a little strange, and the reason why he is well known to the public is more because of the factor of children.
The reason for this is, on the one hand, because General Gu Jingsheng belongs to the political front of the army, and unlike the commanders who directly fight and charge on the battlefield, it is difficult to get the opportunity to make meritorious performances. More importantly, as his old comrade-in-arms Bo Yibo said, Gu Jingsheng was low-key and indifferent, never praising and showing off his exploits for the revolutionary cause.
So, what are Gu Jingsheng's unknown revolutionary achievements? Let's go back in time and walk into his magnificent and ups and downs of life.
< H1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > participated in leading the "129" movement</h1>
Gu Jingsheng was born in 1913, and his hometown is a small mountain village in Beijing Township, Linyi County, Shanxi Province.
Although he was born in a peasant family, his parents attached great importance to his education and overcame difficulties to send him to a private school. Gu Jingsheng did not live up to his parents' expectations, studied very hard, and his grades were relatively excellent.
After graduating from high school, Gu Jingsheng was admitted to Taiyuan No. 1 Middle School, and when he was a teenager, he was able to walk out of the mountains for the first time and see the wider world.
During his secondary school years, he eagerly studied cultural knowledge, and under the influence of progressive classmates, he was exposed to Marxist ideas for the first time. After systematic study, he profoundly realized that only Marxism-Leninism can change the current situation of poverty and weakness in China and truly free the people from the oppression and exploitation of the old society.
Since then, Gu Jingsheng has aspired to make communism his lifelong belief. In 1929, at the age of 16, he officially embarked on the revolutionary road.
In the following years, Gu Jingsheng actively participated in various revolutionary activities, and successively participated in patriotic organizations such as the Left League, the Social Federation, and the Anti-Imperialist Grand Alliance. Through these revolutionary practical activities, Gu Jingsheng accumulated rich struggle and work experience, laying a solid foundation for his future revolutionary career.
In 1932, Gu Jingsheng joined the Communist Youth League of China and soon became a full member of the Communist Party of China.
At that time, the domestic anti-Japanese salvation movement was in full swing, and by the appointment of the party organization, Gu Jingsheng joined the Chahar Anti-Japanese Allied Army and served as the political commissar of the regiment.
Gu Jingsheng, who was only 20 years old at the time, led his subordinates to engage in a fierce confrontation with the Japanese Kou with a passion and ideal for serving the country. He was brave in battle and was wounded as a result.
As the pace of Japanese aggression accelerated, the situation in the War of Resistance became increasingly tense. Under these circumstances, Gu Jingsheng, who had a profound cultural foundation, was ordered to return to Beiping from the front line, was responsible for founding the "Bubble Society" and the monthly magazine "Bubble", and undertook the heavy responsibility of propagating anti-Japanese culture and progressive ideas, which for a time had a great influence among patriotic youth, and Gu Jingsheng thus became one of the few leaders of our party in the early days who had made achievements in the army and the cultural front.
In 1935, after the "North China Incident", the vast area of North China, including Beiping, had actually become the scope of Japanese occupation, and ethnic contradictions quickly rose to the main contradiction in Chinese society.
In this general situation, in order to save the country and the nation from peril, the CPC Central Committee judged the hour and sized up the situation, put forward the principle of "stopping the civil war and unanimously resisting Japan," and advocated using all means to organize the people at home and form a broad anti-Japanese national united front to jointly resist the aggression of the Japanese Kou.
However, the principal responsible persons of the Beiping underground party organization at that time still insisted on sticking to the original tactics of struggle, opposed organizing patriotic youth to fight for democracy and freedom in the anti-Japanese struggle against the Kuomintang authorities, and attacked Gu Jingsheng and other leaders of underground party organizations who adhered to correct ideas.
The provincial party committee at a higher level affirmed the correct opinions of Gu Jingsheng and others, reorganized the Beiping Municipal CPC Committee, and decided to establish the Cpc Beiping Provisional Committee, with Gu Jingsheng as secretary.
In this brand-new leadership post, Gu Jingsheng felt the trust and importance of the organization, and whether he could create a new situation in the anti-Japanese united front in North China also became a major test for him.
The Beiping Municipal Party Committee, with Gu Jingsheng as its secretary, made a keen judgment on the development of the current situation in Japan, and after careful planning and organization, from December 9, a huge anti-Japanese demonstration to save the dead was launched.
Tens of thousands of patriotic students took to the streets and shouted slogans such as "opposing the autonomy of North China" and "all parties unite," effectively exposing the conspiracy of the Japanese aggressors to annex north China, cracking down on the policy of compromise and surrender of the Kuomintang authorities, and promoting the awakening of the people's anti-Japanese consciousness.
The "129 Movement" was like a torch, which quickly ignited the anti-Japanese enthusiasm of the people of the whole country, and demonstrations were held in Hangzhou, Nanjing, Shanghai and other large and medium-sized cities in China, forming a new climax of the anti-Japanese democracy movement and accelerating the establishment of the anti-Japanese national united front.
Chairman Mao once pointed out that the "129 Movement" was "a movement of anti-Japanese mobilization, a movement of ideological preparation and cadres, and is of great historical significance." ”
Gu Jingsheng played an extremely important leadership role in this movement and brilliantly fulfilled the historical mission entrusted to him by the organization. However, due to the particularity and concealment of the underground struggle, Gu Jingsheng's exploits were not well known for a long time.
But Gu Jingsheng, who is low-key and humble in nature, does not care about this, no matter what the occasion, he always credits the party organization and never talks about his contribution to the movement, and this spirit of indifference to fame and fortune is sincerely admirable.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the Southern Expedition to the North</h1>
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Gu Jingsheng was dispatched by the party organization to return to his hometown in Shanxi, where he engaged in the democratic movement and armed anti-Japanese activities, and served as the political commissar of the Seventh Military Subdistrict of the Taihang Military Region.
In the extremely arduous environment of the base areas behind enemy lines, Gu Jingsheng made important contributions to creating a new situation of resisting Japan behind enemy lines with his strong revolutionary willpower and dedication spirit of bearing hardships and standing hard work, and his organizational and leadership skills, especially the army's political work experience, have been tempered and sublimated.
During the Liberation War, Gu Jingsheng continued to fight on the political work front of the troops, successively serving as director of the political department of the Ninth Column of the Central Plains Field Army and political commissar of the Fifteenth Army of the Second Field Army.
Shortly after the founding of New China, the Korean War broke out, and under the call to defend his family and defend the country, Gu Jingsheng was once again appointed as the political commissar of the Fifteenth Army of the Volunteer Army, and together with his old partner Qin Jiwei, he set foot on the war-torn land of Korea.
In the face of the harsh natural environment and the huge gap between the enemy and our equipment, Gu Jingsheng combined his own political work experience with the reality of war and creatively launched the mass meritorious campaign, which encouraged the will to fight among the vast number of soldiers and soldiers and aroused the enthusiasm of the officers and men of the unit for serving the country.
In the end, in the Battle of Shangganling, the Fifteenth Army showed amazing blood and tenacity, played the spirit and style of Chinese soldiers, and combat heroes such as Huang Jiguang and Qiu Shaoyun continued to emerge, shocking the world. This also proves once again a truth: Unswerving spirit and faith are an important magic weapon for the people's army to win victories.
After the victory of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, Gu Jingsheng returned to China and successively served as deputy political commissar of the Air Defense Force and secretary of the Party Committee of the Fifth Academy of the Ministry of National Defense. At that time, China's missile research and development undertaking was in its infancy, and the scientific research technology and conditions were relatively backward; in the face of this brand-new challenge, Gu Jingsheng and Dean Qian Xuesen worked together to make full use of limited resources to fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of the vast number of scientific research personnel, and promoted the continuous achievement of important breakthroughs in the research and development work.
In 1955, at the awarding ceremony of the People's Liberation Army, Gu Jingsheng was awarded the rank of major general, the order of independence and freedom of the second class, and the liberation medal of the first class, which were the best affirmation of his revolutionary merits.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > unjustly</h1>
Just when Gu Jingsheng was working hard for the military industry of New China, a movement that caught him off guard completely changed the fate of him and his family.
In 1957, during the "anti-rightist" movement, Gu Jingsheng's wife, Fan Chengxiu, was also classified as a "rightist" and branded as an "anti-party group" for defending her colleagues in the unit.
Fan Chengxiu was a descendant of fan zhongyan, a famous minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, and like Gu Jingsheng, she also joined the revolution as a teenager, mainly engaged in popular education and women's liberation movements.
The wife is suddenly doomed, and the husband is naturally difficult to be alone. The leader of the Ministry of Public Security talked to Gu Jingsheng and advised him to divorce Fan Chengxiu and avoid affecting his great future. Fan Chengxiu also proposed to divorce Gu Jingsheng from the perspective of loving her husband, so as not to implicate him for no reason.
But Gu Jingsheng did not hesitate to refuse, he did not believe that his wife who joined the revolution at the age of 14 would be a counter-revolutionary, between his personal future and fate and family affection, he resolutely chose the latter, and was mentally prepared to share hardships with his wife. In that special era, it took great courage to make this choice, and it was the best embodiment of a man's responsibility and character.
Not surprisingly, Gu Jingsheng was soon dismissed from his post as political commissar of the Fifth Yuan of the Ministry of National Defense and assigned to a farm in Xinjiang. In the face of a huge identity gap, Gu Jingsheng still maintains a peaceful and optimistic attitude, and strives to do his job well under difficult frontier conditions.
After the Cultural Revolution began, Gu Jingsheng was quarantined and censored by the "Gang of Four", and then imprisoned and subjected to brutal physical persecution for 12 years.
During these long dark years, despite the adversity, General Gu Jingsheng always adhered to the ideological belief of justice and truth, and resolutely launched an indomitable struggle against the "Gang of Four" forces.
In addition, Gu Jingsheng missed his family the most. At this time, his wife Fan Chengxiu was locked up in a cowshed and was enduring inhuman torture. They have a total of 5 daughters, namely Gu Wangjiang, Gu CPPCC, Xiaomei (nickname, real name unknown), and Gu Wangning.
Because of the problems of their parents, the daughters have also been implicated and have experienced various tribulations. In order to encourage them to live strongly, Gu Jingsheng wrote a sincere family letter, hoping that they could correctly understand the meaning of the movement, look at the problem from the perspective of historical materialism, and at the same time "firmly believe that their parents are innocent, and they must hold their heads high, walk on the street, walk in the crowd." ”
At the end of the letter, Gu Jingsheng wrote:
"After the storm has passed, it is a sunny day, and we must jointly wish our country that it can continue to lift the black clouds and see the blue sky and prosper."
From this family letter, we can see a father's love and ardent expectations for his daughters, and even more can we see the lofty faith, tenacious will, and selfless and open mind of a long-tested revolutionary.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > later life</h1>
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, Gu Jingsheng and his wife were rehabilitated and their reputation and work were restored.
In the following period, Gu Jingsheng served in Xinjiang for a long time, serving as the first political commissar and first secretary of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, making important contributions to the social stability and economic development of Xinjiang.
The old shadow of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
In 1988, Gu Jingsheng was awarded the Order of the Red Star of the First Class, which was mainly awarded to retired cadres or senior generals of the People's Liberation Army who had made outstanding contributions to the revolution.
After the 1990s, Gu Jingsheng, who had reached retirement age, quit his leadership position and has since stayed out of the public eye, living a reclusive life and rarely appearing in public, which is also in line with his low-key and indifferent personality.
After his retirement, Gu Jingsheng still cared about the building of the party and the state, but never interfered in any political affairs, and he mainly learned about major state affairs through television and newspapers, and news broadcasting became a "fixed program" that he could not move every day.
The former site of the missile development workshop of the Fifth Academy of the Ministry of National Defense
In life, Gu Jingsheng has also always adhered to the style of thrift and simplicity, he often educates his family and the staff around him to be strict with himself, not to put up shelves and pomp, and not to engage in any form of extravagance and waste.
Under the influence of excellent family style, Gu Jingsheng's daughters have also achieved success in their own careers, they abide by their father's teachings, do things in a low-key manner, behave innocently, and have achieved good results in their respective industries.
Among them, the eldest daughter Gu Wangjiang and the fourth daughter Gu Wangning have been in the business world for many years, and the second daughter Gu Wangning has served as the secretary of the Discipline Inspection Committee of China Machinery Industry Group Co., Ltd.
On November 28, 2004, General Gu Jingsheng died in Beijing at the age of 91.
The old general was a man with a strong sense of organization and the overall situation, and he wrote in his notes before his death:
"History belongs to the country, and the descendants of Yanhuang and the culture of mankind belong by no means to any individual."
Throughout the legendary life of General Gu Jingsheng, whether on the battlefield of the battlefield or in the cause of building a new China, he has always insisted on putting the interests of the party and the people first, and has devoted and dedicated his life's energy to it. Despite the hardships he suffered, he still did not change the true character of an old revolutionary, was unswerving in his faith, and had firm confidence and hope for the bright future of the country and the nation.
As for his own meritorious deeds for the cause of revolution and construction, Gu Jingsheng never mentioned them to outsiders, never publicized and invited merits. In his opinion, this is the mind and consciousness that a Communist Party member should have.
In the family, Gu Jingsheng is a good husband, who does not hesitate to sacrifice his political future after his wife's death, and shares her hardships and hardships. At the same time, he is also a good father, who follows the rules and strict requirements of his children and educates them to be useful to the country.
Seeing the extraordinary in the ordinary and moving in the warmth is the best interpretation of Gu Jingsheng's life.