This article is selected from the book "Reading the Scriptures and Analyzing the Scriptures"
Coach: Teacher Zheng Junqian of Yichang
【Instructional Design】
The story of "Lian Po Lin Xiang Xiang Li Biography" is widely known. The conventional method is to analyze the character image through the storyline and description, but the wonderful text content is spent in boredom. How to dig deeper things from these stories is worth thinking about. The classroom design of this section is based on the core literacy of students, and under the premise that students master the vocabulary and sentence patterns of the language and are familiar with the storyline, under the premise of "Who is more powerful than Lianpo and Lin Xiang?" This question runs through the entire teaching process, through the form of debate, fully mobilize the students' speculative ability and language expression ability, step by step to deeply understand the spiritual qualities displayed by the characters, and behind these spiritual qualities is the love for the country.
【Classroom Transcript】
Lesson 2
First, import:
In any period, the contest between countries is a contest of comprehensive strength and a contest of talents. This was especially true during the Warring States period.
In the last lesson, we sorted out the storyline, in the diplomatic contest between the Qin state and the Zhao state, the Zhao state completely defeated the Qin state, and the strength of the Zhao state was really stronger than the Qin state? Where do you see it?
Birth 1: Zhao Guo did not have Qin Guoqiang, the third paragraph of the article said, Zhao Huiwen Wang got Heshi Bi, Qin Zhao Wang wanted, Zhao Guo was undecided. From here, it can be seen that Zhao is weak and Qin Qiang.
Sheng 2: In the eighth paragraph of the article, Lin Xiangru said: "Heshi Bi, the treasure that is passed down by the world, the King of Zhao is afraid, and does not dare not offer." It can also be seen that Zhao is weak and Qin qiang.
Sheng 3: The fifth paragraph of the article is similar to the following: "Qin is strong and Zhao is weak, and it must not be allowed." ”
Teacher: The students looked very carefully. Judging from the article, the strength of the Zhao state is indeed inferior to that of the Qin state. In the late Warring States period, the Seven Xiongs were united, of which the Qin State implemented the Shang Martingale Transformation Law, the national strength was enhanced, and it tried to annex the Six Kingdoms, and the Zhao State was a country with some strength in the north, but it was obviously weaker than the Qin State, but the 13th and 16th paragraphs of the article said that "Qin also did not give the city to Zhao, and Zhao also did not give Qin Bi in the end", Qin "can not be better than Zhao in the end", we say that weak countries have no diplomacy, so what does the Zhao State rely on to defeat the Qin State diplomatically?
Student 3: Talent. When talent is the most precious. Zhao Guo relied on the god of war Lian Po and the diplomat Lin Xiangru to defeat the Qin state.
Teacher: One is a civilian minister, the other is a military general, who is more powerful? Find a basis for analysis in the article.
II. Panel Discussion (5 minutes)
Student 4: Our group thinks that the warriors are strong. Lian Po was a famous general of the State of Zhao during the Warring States period, and he was known as the "Four Famous Generals of the Warring States" along with Bai Qi, Wang Qi, and Li Mu.
Teacher: Is there any performance in the article?
Sheng 4: The first paragraph, at the beginning of the chapter, says"The incorruptible person, Zhao Zhiliang will also be." 【Board Book】
General
Teacher: Very good.
Birth 4: "In the sixteenth year of King Huiwen of Zhao, Lian Po was a General of Zhao, a General of Zhao, a General of Qi, a Great Breaker, who took Yang Jin, and worshiped as Shangqing. From the "Great Break", it can be seen that Lian Po is very good at war. 【Board Book】
Good at war
Sheng 5: "Smell the princes with courage" It can be seen that Lian Po should be brave and good at war, and was very famous at that time, while Lin Xiangru was only a "shepherd" at this time.
Teacher: What is the identity of "Sheren"? 【Board Book】
Sheriff
Sheng 5: The commentary says that "sheren" is a general term for a close subordinate official who accompanies the attendant.
Birth 6: "Shepherd" is the doorman.
Teacher: When you say "doorman", everyone can understand it. Some of the people raised in the families of high-ranking officials and nobles in the Warring States period were really talented and practical, and some were vain, and they usually had nothing to do, so they were raised, but they could be used to do things for their masters at critical moments. We call these people "doormen."
Student 7: So Lin Xiangru is a "clerk"... There is certainly no general Lian who is quite powerful.
Teacher: So in terms of status, Lin Xiangru is quite low compared to cheap.
Student 8: Teacher, I think Lin Xiangru is very powerful. You see the third paragraph of the article, when King Qin Zhaowang wanted to defraud Zhao Guo's Heshi Bi, no one dared to go, and no matter how strong Lian Po was, he didn't seem to express his position...
Teacher: The text says that Zhao Guo is "undecided, and those who ask for help can repay Qin have not yet received it." How should students understand this sentence?
S9: This is a backward sentence, which means "looking for someone who can go back to the Qin state, there is no result." ”
Teacher: This student said very well, this is a special sentence pattern in the text, it is a fixed sentence, "can make Baoqin" modify the central word "person", "person" is a sign of the postposition of the fixed language, not translated.
"Begging" Has this person been found? Why is it him? "How do you know"?
Sheng 10: This person is Lin Xiangru, because Lin Xiangru saved Miao Xian before, and Miao Xian believes that he is a "warrior", "wise and strategic", and "suitable to be able to make".
Teacher: In the analysis of the matter of "sending an envoy to the Qin State", where does his "wisdom" appear?
Sheng 10: Lin Xiangru analyzed the situation between the two countries and said, "The two strategies of the average, it is better to bear the Qin Qu." And he said very confidently, "The city enters Zhao and Bi stays in Qin, and the city does not enter, so the minister asks Bi to return to Zhao." "It can be seen here that he is a courageous and resourceful man, much more powerful than Lian. 【Board Book】
Wisdom and courage are both complete
Teacher: Tai Shi Gong said: "Knowing death must be courageous, it is difficult for non-dead people, and it is difficult to punish the dead." "It means knowing that to go is to die, but to go, and that is courage." Death is not difficult, how to deal with death is a difficult matter. From here, we can see that Lin Xiangru has the courage to act in the righteousness of the country and regard death as a homecoming.
Student 11: Teacher, I think that in the plot of the return of Bi bi to Zhao, Lin Xiangru dared to "rebuke him and insult his subjects" in the powerful and majestic Qin court, which was really very powerful! You see that he found that the King of Qin "had no intention of paying Zhao Cheng", he said, "Bi has spots, I will tell you about it", and then he "deceived" Bi back, and he was very angry, "angry and rushing" to accuse the King of Qin, and also said that "the king will be eager to be a subject" and "the head of the subject is now broken in the pillar", which all reflect the same wit and bravery.
Sheng 12: Yes, how arrogant the King of Qin is, who is not afraid? That famous Qin Wuyang in history killed people in the twelfth year, and when he arrived at Qin Ting, he was not scared of... (Laughs) So I also agree that Xiang Ru bi Lian is quite powerful.
Teacher: These two classmates said very well, but the classmate (student 11) just now had a small question, how to translate the "instructions"?
Student 13: "Point to... Look", is a different meaning of ancient and modern, not "say it".
Teacher: Yes, from the action of "instruction", we can see that this is a contest of wisdom with the King of Qin. In Qin Tingru, he behaved very calmly, and just now a classmate compared the performance of Qin Wuyang, who could kill people at the age of twelve, with Xiangru, which further proved that a courtier showed resourcefulness and was not afraid of violence. 【Board Book】
Resourceful and not afraid of rape
Student 14: Teacher, I don't agree with their point of view, I think Lian Po is more powerful than Lin Xiangru! I specifically checked the background of the meeting of Shichi, that is, in the second year of the return of Bibi to Zhao, Qin sent troops to attack the state of Qi under the pretext that Zhao did not jointly attack the state of Qi with it, and then sent the Qin general Bai Qi to lead an army to attack Zhao and kill 20,000 people in the state of Zhao. Under such circumstances, when King Zhao met with King Qin, it was very dangerous for King Zhao to go, but the general Lian Po "set up troops to wait for Qin", so Qin did not dare to move, and Lian Po also considered it very long-term: if Qin detained King Zhao, "please make the prince king" and break Qin's conspiracy, indicating that in addition to being brave, Lian Po was also very careful and resourceful. It was precisely because of the honest town guard that Lin Xiangru dared to fight against the King of Qin in the Qin court. So I think Lian Po is more powerful than Lin Xiang.
S15: I object. Lian Po, as a fierce general, is indeed powerful as a powerful prince. But in the contest between countries, it is not only the war that can show the dignity of the country. Just as you said, he met with the King of Qin under the circumstances of Zhao's defeat, and he was humiliated when he went. In fact, the King of Qin asked the King of Zhao to drum for him, to wish him a happy birthday with the Fifteen Cities of Zhao, and to let Yushi record it. This is not only an insult to King Zhao, but also a trampling on the dignity of the Zhao state. But Lin Xiangru, as a courtier, dared to fight against the King of Qin there, to fight tooth for tat, and to safeguard the dignity of the country, is this not quite powerful than Lian? (Student applause)
Teacher: Wow, the two views are tit-for-tat, and each has its own reason. I feel that the scene of the Shiike Meeting should be called thrilling, let's read it together and feel the atmosphere at that time.
Read the fifteenth paragraph together.
Teacher: After reading it, everyone talked about their feelings.
S16: Lin Xiangru's performance at the Shichi Meeting was too good. In the face of the Qin King's difficulties, he was not afraid of danger, and even said, "Within five steps, it is like you can splash the king with blood from your neck!" When the King of Qin wanted to kill him, he still dared to "open his eyes and rebuke him", which showed his bravery. 【Board Book】
Courage
Teacher: Well, the article says that it is like "zhang mu repulsion", and the result is "left and right", what does "jing" mean?
Shengqi: Retreat.
Teacher: From this we can see that it is like the foot of the aura. I think at this time he must have put his life and death aside because of anger, who is strong?
Sheng Qi: Lin Xiang is as powerful.
Teacher: It seems that at this meeting of Shichi, Lin Xiangru's performance really won everyone's applause! However, behind Lin Xiangru's wonderful performance, there should be a reason for the King of Qin's strategic concessions, and even more reasons for setting up troops on the border of Lianpo, so the King of Qin did not dare to act easily. From this point of view, the incorruptible "brave and good war" really shocked the princes. Students, who is more powerful?
Student 17: Lian is quite powerful.
Teacher: Tell me about it.
Sheng 17: Lian Po is a military general who is very good at fighting, but there are also his delicacies in bravery. He originally had a very high status, and finally was surpassed by a small doorman, of course, normal people are uncomfortable in their hearts, but he can change his mistakes when he knows it, and the flesh is burdened with thorns... The last story in the article is "Guilty of Thorns", and I think it is indeed admirable that he can do this in a position of honesty.
Sheng 18: That xiangru finally forgave him, indicating that xiangru was broad-minded... [Board Book]
Broad-minded
Teacher: What is Lin Xiangru's reason for forgiving Lian Po?
Sheng Qi: "First the country's urgency and then personal vendetta." ”
Teacher: It's really the same thing! The "first" and "after" here use the intentional use of the method, please take notes, take the country's crisis first, and take personal grievances as the last. What spiritual qualities does this embody?
Student 18: The spirit of putting the big picture first. 【Board Book】
Focus on the big picture
S19: The quality of forbearance and generosity. 【Board Book】
Retreat
Student 20: There is no regard for personal fame and fortune. 【Board Book】
Regardless of personal fame and fortune
Teacher: What everyone said is very good. Because of these spiritual qualities, he will say affectionately the words "first the urgency of the country and then personal vendetta". May I ask Lian Po what is the sin of being like Lin Xiang to bear the sin of Jing?
Sheng 21: Because I'm embarrassed, I didn't expect that people's realms were higher than his... (Laughs)
Sheng 22: I think Lian Po was touched by the sentence "Qiang Qin did not dare to add troops to Zhao, but the two of them were also there", so he was guilty of Jing's request.
Teacher: That is to say, in the heart of Lianpo, what is the most important?
Student 22: ... country......
Teacher: Yes, country! Because of his loyalty to the country, Lin Xiangru was able to face Qiang Qin, not afraid of life and death, twice threatening death with death, and willingly sacrificing his life for the country; because of his love for the country, he deeply understood the great righteousness and forgave Lian Po for his humiliation again and again. Similarly, it was also because of a piece of loyalty, Lian Po was born into death, made great achievements for the country, and deterred the six kingdoms; because of a piece of loyalty, he dared to carry the thorns and go to the door to plead guilt. Students, who do you say is the best of the two of them?
Shengqi: All powerful!
Teacher: Students, the world is disturbed, and everyone has different views because of their origins, experiences, and knowledge. But as long as there are the same ideals and the same beliefs, although the path chosen is different, it will eventually lead to the same destination. Just like Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, although they are one article and one weapon, one in the military field shocked the Qin state so that it did not dare to add troops to Zhao, and the other safeguarded the interests of the Zhao state in political diplomacy, and they all contributed to the country in different fields. Therefore, the people who are anxious and then have personal vendettas, and those who contribute to the country are the most powerful and attractive people.
Raw: (Applause)
Teacher: After class
Zheng Junqian is a senior chinese teacher in middle school and the deputy leader of the chinese teaching and research team of Gezhouba Middle School. "Flowers fall without words, people are as light as chrysanthemums" firmly believe that education is a subtle demonstration of words and deeds; "seeing the wise and thinking together, seeing the unwise and introspecting inwardly" does not deny that growth is a happy trouble. He has been engaged in the frontline work of teaching for 17 years. He has served as the chief examiner and judge of the "Yichang Xinhua Bookstore Cup Chinese Language Competition"; won many awards for many papers, and the college entrance examination language composition review "Literacy" was published in the "Three Gorges Evening News" and other newspapers and periodicals; the school-based course "Jinling Twelve Chao" won the provincial special prize, and the editor-in-chief's "On the Water Side" was a constructive course for the school; "One Teacher and One Excellent Class" won the municipal award; the same class heterogeneous won the municipal first prize; he taught the provincial demonstration class in the "Taoshiwan" network training; and won the titles of "Most Beautiful Teacher" and "Favorite Teacher" at the school level for many times.